Ankara: Difference between revisions

{{short description|Capital of Turkey}}

| name               = Ankara

| official_name     =  

| settlement_type   = {{wrap|[[Capital city]] and [[Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey|metropolitan municipality]]}}

| image_skyline     = {{multiple image|total_width=280px|perrow=1/3/2/1|border=infobox|caption_align = center

| caption1 = [[Söğütözü]] central business district

| image2  = AlacaStandarte.jpg

| caption2 = [[Hittite sun disk]]

| image3  = Monumentum ancyranum.JPG

| caption3 = [[Temple of Augustus and Rome]]

| image4  = Ankara_asv2021-10_img15_Atakule.jpg  

| caption4 = [[Atakule]]

| image5  = ANKARA KOCATEPE CAMİİ.jpg  

| caption5 = [[Kocatepe Mosque]]

| image6  = 2. Meclis Binası.jpg

| caption6 = [[Republic Museum]]

| caption7 = [[Anıtkabir]]    

| image_flag        = File:Flag of Ankara.svg

| nickname           = Heart of Turkey<br />{{small|({{langx|tr|Türkiye'nin Kalbi}})}}

| map_caption       = Location of Ankara within Turkey

| pushpin_map       = Turkey#Asia<!-- Ankara is located in Central Anatolia, in the Asian part of Turkey. Do not change this to Europe without discussing it on the talk page, changes made without consensus will be reverted. -->

| pushpin_relief     = 1

| coordinates       = {{coord|39|55|48|N|32|51|00|E|region:TR|display=inline,title}}

| subdivision_type   = Country

| subdivision_name   = {{flag|Turkey}}

| subdivision_type1 = [[List of regions of Turkey|Region]]

| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of Turkey|Province]]

| subdivision_name1 = [[Central Anatolia Region|Central Anatolia]]

| subdivision_name2 = [[Ankara Province|Ankara]]

| parts_type         = Districts

| parts             = [[Ankara Province#Districts|25]]

| leader_party       = [[Republican People's Party|CHP]]

| leader_title       = Mayor

| leader_name       = [[Mansur Yavaş]]

| leader_title1     = Governor

| leader_name1       = [[Vasip Şahin]]

| area_footnotes     = {{efn|1=Ankara Province / Metropolitan municipality [25,632&nbsp;km² (including lake)<ref>{{cite web |title=İl ve İlçe Yüz Ölçümleri – Ankara Province (25,632 km²) |url=https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files/products/il-ve-ilce-yuzolcumleri-1291.xlsx |publisher=Harita Genel Müdürlüğü (HGM) |website=www.harita.gov.tr |date=2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343221023 |title=The Case Of Ankara Province (25,653.46 km²) |last1=İlker |first1=Alan |last2=Zerrin |first2=Demirörs |last3=Rüya |first3=Bayar |last4=Kerime |first4=Karabacak |publisher=International Journal of Geography and Geography Education (IGGE), 42; pg.650–667 |date=10 June 2020 |work=Ankara University (www.ankara.edu.tr)}}</ref><ref  name="Gölbaşı1">{{cite web |title=Gölbaşı (1,508.61 km²) – Ankara Province (25,575.94 km²) (pg.3) |url=https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ankara/duyurular/golbasi-ock-cdp_arastirma-ve-plan-aciklama-raporu-20200325140218.pdf |publisher=T.C. Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı |website=www.csb.gov.tr |date=2020}}</ref> / 24,521&nbsp;km² (excluding lake) according to the Turkish Statistical Institute – TÜİK], is a province ({{lang|tr|il}}) of Turkey which has [[Ankara Province#Districts|25 districts]] ({{lang|tr|ilçe}}) and 9 of these districts form the urban area of Ankara city (4,130.2&nbsp;km² including lake).<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{cite web |title=Ankara City: the population and area of the districts |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/turkey/ankaracity/ |publisher=CityPopulation.de}}</ref><br />Altındağ = 158.2&nbsp;km² <br />Çankaya = 454.2&nbsp;km² <br />Etimesgut = 283.2&nbsp;km² <br />Gölbaşı = 1,508.6&nbsp;km² (a small area is part of the city proper)<ref  name="Gölbaşı1" /><br />Keçiören = 152.2&nbsp;km² <br />Mamak = 345.7&nbsp;km² <br />Pursaklar = 133.7&nbsp;km² <br />Sincan = 862.3&nbsp;km² <br />Yenimahalle = 232.1&nbsp;km²}}

| area_urban_km2     = 4,130.2

| area_metro_km2     = 25,632

| elevation_m       = 938

| population_total   = 5 864 049

| population_rank   = [[List of cities in Turkey|2nd in Turkey]]

| population_urban   = 5 290 822

| population_as_of   = 31 December 2024

| population_footnotes = <ref name="Population of Turkey">{{cite web |url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2024-53783&dil=2 |title=The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2024 |publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]] |website=www.tuik.gov.tr |date=6 February 2025 |access-date=6 February 2025}}</ref> <!-- do not add update figure as that stat is only published once a year due to legal reasons -->

| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="citypopulation.de"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://cip.tuik.gov.tr/ |format=the year is updated |publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]] |website=www.tuik.gov.tr |title=Nüfus ve Demografi – Toplam Nüfus |access-date=8 February 2023}}</ref>

| population_density_urban_km2 = 1,270

| demographics_type1 = [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] Nominal {{Nobold|(2023)}}

| demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Gross-Domestic-Product-by-Provinces-2023-53575&dil=2 |title="Gross Domestic Product by Provinces (2023) - [Tables 1 and 3] |publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]] |website=www.tuik.gov.tr |date=12 December 2024 |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cip.tuik.gov.tr/ |language=tr|title=Ulusal Hesaplar - Kişi başına GSYH ($)|trans-title=National Accounts - GDP per capita ($) |publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute]] |website=www.tuik.gov.tr |access-date=12 December 2024}}</ref>

| demographics1_info1 = [[Turkish lira|₺]] 2,539 billion<br>[[US$]] 108.3&nbsp;billion

| demographics1_info2 = ₺ 438,242<br>US$ 18,655

| postal_code_type   = [[Postal code]]

| postal_code       = 06xxx

| area_code         = +90 312

| website           = {{URL|www.ankara.bel.tr}}<br />{{URL|www.ankara.gov.tr}}<!-- http://ankara.ankaram.net/en/ -->

| timezone           = [[Time in Turkey|TRT]]

| utc_offset         = +03:00

| blank3_info       = 0.855<ref>{{cite web |title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |website=hdi.globaldatalab.org |access-date=26 August 2018 |archive-date=23 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |url-status=live }}</ref> – <span style="color:#090;">very high</span>

'''Ankara'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|ŋ|k|ər|ə}} {{respell|ANG|kər|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|ˈ|ɑː|ŋ|-}} {{respell|AHNG|kər|ə}};<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Ankara |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182007/https://www.lexico.com/definition/ankara |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Ankara |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ankara|title=Ankara|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=30 May 2019|archive-date=6 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406141135/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/ankara|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AHD">{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Ankara|access-date=30 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="MerWeb">{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Ankara|access-date=30 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPA|tr|ˈɑŋkɑɾɑ|lang|Ankara pronunciation.ogg}}; abbreviated '''Ank.'''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dildernegi.org.tr/TR,278/kisaltmalar-dizelgesi.html | title=Kısaltmalar Dizelgesi }}</ref>}} is the [[capital city]] of [[Turkey]] and [[List of national capitals by area|the largest capital by area in the world]]. Located in the [[Central Anatolia Region|central part]] of [[Anatolia]], the city has a population of 5,290,822 in its urban center ([[Etimesgut]], [[Yenimahalle]], [[Çankaya District|Çankaya]], [[Keçiören]], [[Altındağ]], [[Pursaklar]], [[Mamak, Ankara|Mamak]], [[Gölbaşı, Ankara|Gölbaşı]], [[Sincan, Ankara|Sincan]]) and 5,864,049 in [[Ankara Province]] (total of 25 districts).<ref name="Population of Turkey"/><ref name="citypopulation.de"/> Ankara is [[Turkey]]'s [[List of cities in Turkey|second-largest city]] by population after [[Istanbul]], first by urban land area, and third by metro land area after [[Konya]] and [[Sivas]].

Ankara was historically known as Ancyra{{efn|{{IPAc-en|æ|n|ˈ|s|aɪ|r|ə}} {{respell|an|SY|rə}}<ref name="AHD"/><ref name="MerWeb"/>}} and Angora.{{efn|{{IPAc-en|æ|ŋ|ˈ|ɡ|ɔːr|ə}} {{respell|ang|GOR|ə}},<ref>[https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Angora "Angora"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530141549/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Angora |date=30 May 2019 }} (US) and {{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Angora |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182003/https://www.lexico.com/definition/angora |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Angora |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|USalso|ˈ|æ|ŋ|ɡ|ə|r|ə}} {{respell|ANG|gə|rə}}),<ref name="AHD"/>}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Lord Kinross |author-link=Patrick Balfour, 3rd Baron Kinross |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UjiLmz2_EBAC&q=Angora |title=Ataturk: A Biography of Mustafa Kemal, Father of Modern Turkey |publisher=[[William Morrow and Company]] |year=1965 |access-date=13 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529130818/https://books.google.com/books?id=UjiLmz2_EBAC&q=Angora |archive-date=29 May 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> Serving as the capital of the ancient [[Celts|Celt]]ic state of [[Galatia]] (280–64&nbsp;BC), and later of the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] province with the [[Galatia (Roman province)|same name]] (25&nbsp;BC–7th century), Ankara has various [[Hattians|Hattian]], [[Hittites|Hittite]], [[Lydia]]n, [[Phrygia]]n, [[Galatians (people)|Galatian]], [[Hellenistic civilization|Greek]], [[Achaemenid Empire|Persian]], [[Ancient Rome|Roman]], [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]], and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[archeological site]]s. The Ottomans made the city the capital first of the [[Anatolia Eyalet]] (1393 – late 15th century) and then the [[Ankara Eyalet|Angora Eyalet]] (1827–1864) and the [[Angora Vilayet]] (1867–1922). On 23 April 1920, the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] was established in Ankara, which became the headquarters of the [[Turkish National Movement]] during the [[Turkish War of Independence]]. Ankara became the new Turkish capital upon the establishment of the Republic on 29 October 1923, succeeding in this role as the former Turkish capital Istanbul following the [[Defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire|fall of the Ottoman Empire]].  

The historical center of Ankara is a rocky hill rising {{convert|150|sp=us|m|ft|sigfig=1|abbr=on}} over the left bank of the [[Ankara River]], a tributary of the [[Sakarya River]]. The hill remains crowned by the ruins of [[Ankara Castle]]. Although few of its outworks have survived, there are well-preserved examples of [[Roman architecture|Roman]] and [[Ottoman architecture]] throughout the city.

{{more citations needed|section|date=October 2017}}<!--many paragraphs have no citations-->

In 278&nbsp;BC, the city, along with the rest of central Anatolia, was occupied by a [[Celts|Celt]]ic group, the [[Galatia]]ns, who were the first to make Ankara one of their main tribal centers, the headquarters of the [[Tectosages]] tribe.<ref>[[Livy]], xxxviii. 16</ref> Other centers were [[Pessinus]], today's Ballıhisar, for the [[Trocmi]] tribe, and [[Tavium]], to the east of Ankara, for the [[Tolistobogii]] tribe. The city was then known as ''Ancyra''. The Celtic element was probably relatively small in numbers; a warrior aristocracy which ruled over [[Phrygian language|Phrygian]]-speaking peasants. However, the [[Celtic languages|Celtic language]] continued to be spoken in Galatia for many centuries. At the end of the 4th century, [[Jerome|St. Jerome]], a native of Dalmatia, observed that the language spoken around Ankara was very similar to that being spoken in the northwest of the Roman world near [[Trier]].

[[File:AnkaraColumnFar c.JPG|thumb|The ''[[Column of Julianus|Column of Julian]]'' (362) was erected in honor of the Roman emperor [[Julian the Apostate]]'s visit to Ancyra.|281x281px]]

[[File:Teodot Ankirski.jpg|thumb|160px|[[Theodotus of Ancyra (martyr)|St. Theodotus of Ancyra]]]]

The [[Presidential Complex (Turkey)|Presidential Palace of Türkiye]] is situated in Ankara. This building serves as the main residence of the president.

Geographically, Ankara is located in between the [[Kızılırmak River|Kızılırmak]] and [[Sakarya River|Sakarya]] rivers, and the [[Sakarya River]] forms its border with [[Eskişehir]] in the west. Ankara shares its borders with [[Bolu]] and [[Çankırı]] in the north; [[Konya]] in the south and [[Kırıkkale]] in the east.<ref>{{Cite web |last=artunbeg |date=2022-05-11 |title=Ankara |url=https://tr.ansiklopedika.net/viki/ankara |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=Ansiklopedika Viki |language=tr}}</ref>

| Jan snow days  =7.8

| Feb snow days  =4.9

| Mar snow days  =4.4

| Apr snow days  =0.5

| May snow days  =0

| Jun snow days  =0

| Jul snow days  =0

| Aug snow days  =0

| Sep snow days  =0

| Oct snow days  =0

| Nov snow days  =0.9

| Dec snow days  =4.2

| Jan sun = 68.2

| Feb sun = 101.7

| Mar sun = 148.8

| Apr sun = 189.0

| May sun = 238.7

| Jun sun = 279.0

| Jul sun = 328.6

| Aug sun = 310.0

| Sep sun = 261.0

| Oct sun = 192.2

| Nov sun = 129.0

| Dec sun = 74.4

| source 2 = [[NOAA]] (humidity, 1991–2020),<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web

| access-date = 2 August 2023}}</ref> Meteomanz(snowy days 2008-2024)<ref>{{Cite web|url= http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=6290&ind=17130&m1=01&y1=2000&m2=12&y2=2024 |title=Ankara/Central weather data by months|access-date=15 March 2025 |website=Meteomanz }}</ref>

[[File:Ankara local elections 2019.png|alt=|right|175x175px]]

}}</ref> that Yavaş was the winner of the election.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/03/turkey-election-chp-ankara-challenge-vote.html|title=Turkish opposition party will challenge Ankara vote – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East|work=Al-Monitor|access-date=29 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721195513/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/03/turkey-election-chp-ankara-challenge-vote.html|archive-date=21 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://erikmeyersson.com/2014/04/01/is-something-rotten-in-ankaras-mayoral-election-a-very-preliminary-statistical-analysis/|title=Is Something Rotten in Ankara's Mayoral Election? A Very Preliminary Statistical Analysis |work=Erik Meyersson|date=April 2014|access-date=29 October 2014|archive-date=16 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716160539/https://erikmeyersson.com/2014/04/01/is-something-rotten-in-ankaras-mayoral-election-a-very-preliminary-statistical-analysis/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303978304579475510758359516|title=Turkish Opposition Cries Vote Fraud Amid Crackdown – WSJ|author=Joe Parkinson And Emre Peker|date=1 April 2014|work=The Wall Street Journal|access-date=13 March 2017|archive-date=14 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414082039/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303978304579475510758359516|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/chps-ankara-candidate-vows-to-defend-votes-as-police-crack-down-on-protest.aspx?pageID=238&nID=64391&NewsCatID=338|title=CHP's Ankara candidate vows to defend votes as police crack down on protest – POLITICS|work=hurriyetdailynews.com|date=2 April 2014 |access-date=29 October 2014|archive-date=29 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029034259/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/chps-ankara-candidate-vows-to-defend-votes-as-police-crack-down-on-protest.aspx?pageID=238&nID=64391&NewsCatID=338|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/turkeys-weirdest-mayor-wont-be-distracted-by-electoral-fraud-allegations/|title=Turkey's Weirdest Mayor Won't Be Distracted By Electoral Fraud Allegations|work=VICE News|access-date=29 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029042436/https://news.vice.com/article/turkeys-weirdest-mayor-wont-be-distracted-by-electoral-fraud-allegations|archive-date=29 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Gökçek resigned on 28 October 2017 and was replaced by the former mayor of [[Sincan, Ankara|Sincan]] district, [[Mustafa Tuna]]; who was succeeded by [[Mansur Yavaş]] of the [[Republican People's Party|CHP]], the current mayor of Ankara, [[2019 Ankara mayoral election|elected in 2019]].

There are at least 50 monuments and reliefs throughout the city. Some notables are;

Modern shopping areas are mostly found in [[Kızılay, Ankara|Kızılay]], or on Tunalı Hilmi Avenue, including the modern mall of [[List of shopping malls in Turkey#Ankara|Karum]] (named after the ancient [[Assyria]]n merchant colonies called [[Kültepe#Kârum Kaneš|''Kârum'']] that were established in [[Central Anatolia Region|central]] [[Anatolia]] at the beginning of the [[2nd millennium BC]]) which is located towards the end of the Avenue; and in [[Çankaya, Ankara|Çankaya]], the quarter with the highest elevation in the city. [[Atakule|Atakule Tower]] next to [[Atakule#Atrium shopping mall|Atrium Mall]] in Çankaya has views over Ankara and also has a [[revolving restaurant]] at the top. The symbol of the [[List of shopping malls in Turkey#Ankara|Armada Shopping Mall]] is an [[anchor]], and there's a large anchor monument at its entrance, as a reference to the ancient Greek name of the city, Ἄγκυρα (Ánkyra), which means anchor. Likewise, the anchor monument is also related with the Spanish name of the mall, Armada, which means [[naval fleet]].

[[File:Ankara asv2021-10 img54 view from Gençlik Park Ferris wheel.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Ankara Opera House]] of the Turkish State Opera and Ballet (1933)]]

====Cer Modern====

Cer Modern is the modern-arts museum of Ankara, inaugurated on 1 April 2010. It is situated in the renovated building of the historic [[Turkish State Railways|TCDD]] Cer Atölyeleri, formerly a workshop of the [[Turkish State Railways]]. The museum incorporates the largest exhibition hall in Turkey. The museum holds periodic exhibitions of modern and contemporary art as well as hosting other contemporary arts events.

[[Ethnography Museum of Ankara|Ankara Ethnography Museum]] (''Etnoğrafya Müzesi'') is located opposite to the [[Ankara Opera House]] on Talat Paşa Boulevard, in the Ulus district. There is a fine collection of folkloric items, as well as artifacts from the Seljuk and Ottoman periods. In front of the museum building, there is a [[marble]] and [[bronze]] [[equestrian statue]] of [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] (who wears a Republic era modern military uniform, with the rank [[Field Marshal]]) which was crafted in 1927<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muze.gov.tr/en/museums/ethnography-museum-of-ankara|title=Ethnography Museum of Ankara – Müze|access-date=8 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806193224/http://www.muze.gov.tr/en/museums/ethnography-museum-of-ankara|archive-date=6 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> by the Italian sculptor [[Pietro Canonica]].

As with all other cities of Turkey, football is the most popular sport in Ankara. The city currently has three  [[football team|football clubs]] competing in the second tier of Turkish football, the [[TFF First League]]: [[MKE Ankaragücü|Ankaragücü]], [[Gençlerbirliği S.K.|Gençlerbirliği]] and [[Ankara Keçiörengücü]]. Ankaragücü, founded in 1910, is the oldest club in Ankara and is associated with Ankara's military arsenal manufacturing company [[Mechanical and Chemical Industry Corporation|MKE]]. They were the [[Turkish Cup]] winners in 1972 and 1981. [[Gençlerbirliği S.K.|Gençlerbirliği]], founded in 1923, are known as the ''Ankara Gale'' or the ''Poppies'' because of their colors: red and black. They were the Turkish Cup winners in 1987 and 2001. Ankara Keçiörengücü also compete in this tier. They were founded in 1987, and bear purple and white colours on their home kit. [[Büyükşehir Belediye Ankaraspor]] also played in the Süper Lig until 2010, when they were expelled. The club was reconstituted in 2014 as [[Osmanlıspor]] but have since returned to their old identity as [[Ankaraspor]]. Ankaraspor currently play in the [[TFF Second League]] at the Etimesgut Belediyesi Atatürk Stadium. Gençlerbirliği's B team, [[Hacettepe S.K.]] (formerly known as Gençlerbirliği OFTAŞ) played in the Süper Lig but folded in 2023. [[Ankara Demirspor]] and [[Etimesgut Belediyespor]] also play in the [[TFF Second League]]. Ankara has a large number of minor teams, playing at regional levels, including [[Çankaya FK]], Altındağspor,<ref name="tff">{{cite web|url=http://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageID=395&kulupID=3351|title=Altindağ Spor – Kulüp Bilgileri TFF|website=tff.org|access-date=9 January 2021|archive-date=18 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918141304/https://tff.org/Default.aspx?pageID=395&kulupID=3351|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mamak FK]], Çubukspor, and Bağlumspor.

[[File:Seğmenler Parkı.jpg|thumb|right|Seğmenler Park]]

Ankara has many parks and open spaces mainly established in the early years of the Republic and well maintained and expanded thereafter. The most important of these parks are: [[Gençlik Parkı]] (houses an [[amusement park]] with a large pond for rowing), the [[Botanical garden]], Seğmenler Park, Anayasa Park, [[Kuğulu Park]] (famous for the swans received as a gift from the [[PRC|Chinese]] government), [[Abdi İpekçi]] Park, [[Esertepe Parkı]], Güven Park (see above for the monument), Kurtuluş Park (has an ice-skating rink), [[Altınpark]] (also a prominent exposition/fair area), Harikalar Diyarı (claimed to be Biggest Park of Europe inside city borders) and Göksu Park. [[Dikmen Vadisi]] (Dikmen Valley) is a {{convert|70|ha}} park and recreation area situated in Çankaya district.

[[File:Odd-eyed_Turkish_Angora_cat_-_20080830.jpg|thumb|180px|[[Turkish Angora|Angora cat]] with odd eyes (heterochromia), which is common among the Angoras]]

[[File:Angora1.JPG|thumb|180px|Angora goat]]

[[File:Joey Giant Angora Buck.jpg|thumb|180px|Angora rabbit]]

Angoras are bred mainly for their wool because it is silky and soft. They have a humorous appearance, as they oddly resemble a fur ball. Most are calm and docile but should be handled carefully. Grooming is necessary to prevent the fiber from matting and felting on the rabbit. A condition called "wool block" is common in Angora rabbits and should be treated quickly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.joyofhandspinning.com/angora-care.shtml |title=Angora Rabbit Breeds – How to Care for Your Angora Rabbit |access-date=29 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125215910/http://joyofhandspinning.com/angora-care.shtml |archive-date=25 January 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sometimes they are shorn in the summer as the long fur can cause the rabbits to overheat.

*{{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Sana'a]], Yemen (since 2004)

*{{flagicon|Northern Cyprus}} [[North Nicosia]], Northern Cyprus

[[Category:Capitals in Europe]]

[[Category:Capitals in Asia]]