Arecales: Difference between revisions

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==Taxonomy==
==Taxonomy==
The [[APG IV system]] of 2016 places [[Dasypogonaceae]] in this order, after studies showing Dasypogonaceae as sister to Arecaceae.<ref name="apgiv">{{Citation |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV | journal = [[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]] |volume= 181|pages= 1–20|doi=10.1111/boj.12385|doi-access=free}}</ref> However, this decision has been called into question.<ref>{{citation |last1=Givnish |first1=Thomas J. |author-link1=Thomas J. Givnish|last2=Zuluaga |first2=Alejandro |last3=Spalink |first3=Daniel |last4=Soto Gomez |first4=Marybel |last5=Lam |first5=Vivienne K. Y. |last6=Saarela |first6=Jeffrey M. |last7=Sass |first7=Chodon |last8=Iles |first8=William J. D. |last9=de Sousa |first9=Danilo José Lima |last10=Leebens-Mack |first10=James |last11=Chris Pires |first11=J. |last12=Zomlefer |first12=Wendy B. |last13=Gandolfo |first13=Maria A. |last14=Davis |first14=Jerrold I. |last15=Stevenson |first15=Dennis W. |last16=dePamphilis |first16=Claude |last17=Specht |first17=Chelsea D. |last18=Graham |first18=Sean W. |last19=Barrett |first19=Craig F. |last20=Ané |first20=Cécile|author20-link= Cécile Ané |title=Monocot plastid phylogenomics, timeline, net rates of species diversification, the power of multi-gene analyses, and a functional model for the origin of monocots |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |date=November 2018 |volume=105 |issue=11 |pages=1888–1910 |doi=10.1002/ajb2.1178 |pmid=30368769|doi-access=free |url=http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/18/ajb21178-sup-0014-AppendixS14.pdf }}</ref>
The [[APG IV system]] of 2016 places [[Dasypogonaceae]] in this order, after studies showing Dasypogonaceae as sister to Arecaceae.<ref name="apgiv">{{Citation |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV | journal = [[Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society]] |volume= 181|pages= 1–20|doi=10.1111/boj.12385|doi-access=free}}</ref> However, this decision has been called into question.<ref>{{citation |last1=Givnish |first1=Thomas J. |author-link1=Thomas J. Givnish|last2=Zuluaga |first2=Alejandro |last3=Spalink |first3=Daniel |last4=Soto Gomez |first4=Marybel |last5=Lam |first5=Vivienne K. Y. |last6=Saarela |first6=Jeffrey M. |last7=Sass |first7=Chodon |last8=Iles |first8=William J. D. |last9=de Sousa |first9=Danilo José Lima |last10=Leebens-Mack |first10=James |last11=Chris Pires |first11=J. |last12=Zomlefer |first12=Wendy B. |last13=Gandolfo |first13=Maria A. |last14=Davis |first14=Jerrold I. |last15=Stevenson |first15=Dennis W. |last16=dePamphilis |first16=Claude |last17=Specht |first17=Chelsea D. |last18=Graham |first18=Sean W. |last19=Barrett |first19=Craig F. |last20=Ané |first20=Cécile|author20-link= Cécile Ané |title=Monocot plastid phylogenomics, timeline, net rates of species diversification, the power of multi-gene analyses, and a functional model for the origin of monocots |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |date=November 2018 |volume=105 |issue=11 |pages=1888–1910 |doi=10.1002/ajb2.1178 |pmid=30368769|hdl=2027.42/146610 |doi-access=free |url=http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146610/18/ajb21178-sup-0014-AppendixS14.pdf }}</ref>


=== Historical taxonomical systems ===
=== Historical taxonomical systems ===
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</ref>
</ref>


The [[Thorne system (1992)]]<ref>Thorne, R. F. (1992). Classification and geography of flowering plants. Botanical Review, 58, 225–348.</ref> and the [[Dahlgren system]]<ref>Dahlgren, R. M. T. (1980). A revised system of classification of the angiosperms. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 80(2), 91–124.</ref>  assigned the order to the superorder Areciflorae, also called [[Arecanae]] in the subclass [[Liliidae]] (= monocotyledons), with the single family Arecaceae.
The [[Thorne system (1992)]]<ref>{{cite journal
| last = Thorne
| first = Robert F.
| title = Classification and geography of the flowering plants
| journal = The Botanical Review
| volume = 58
| issue = 3
| pages = 225–327
| year = 1992
| doi = 10.1007/BF02858611
| url = https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02858611
| url-access = subscription
}}</ref> and the [[Dahlgren system]]<ref>{{cite journal
| last1 = Dahlgren
| first1 = R. M. T.
| last2 = Clifford
| first2 = H. T.
| last3 = Yeo
| first3 = P. F.
| title = A revised system of classification of the angiosperms
| journal = Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
| volume = 80
| issue = 2
| pages = 91–124
| year = 1980
| doi = 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1980.tb01661.x
| url = https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/80/2/91/2725627
| url-access = subscription
}}</ref>  assigned the order to the superorder Areciflorae, also called [[Arecanae]] in the subclass [[Liliidae]] (= monocotyledons), with the single family Arecaceae.


The [[APG II system]] of 2003 recognised the order and placed it in the clade [[commelinids]] in the [[monocots]] and uses this circumscription:{{cn|date=June 2025}}
The [[APG II system]] of 2003 recognised the order and placed it in the clade [[commelinids]] in the [[monocots]] and uses this circumscription:
* order Arecales
* order Arecales
*: family [[Arecaceae]], alternative name [[Palmae]]
*: family [[Arecaceae]], alternative name [[Palmae]]


This was unchanged from the [[APG system]] of 1998, although it used the spelling "commelinoids" instead of commelinids.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
This was unchanged from the [[APG system]] of 1998, although it used the spelling "commelinoids" instead of commelinids.<ref>Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 141(4): 399–436. DOI: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.</ref>
 
==== Principes ====
==== Principes ====
In [[plant taxonomy]], Principes is a [[botanical name]], meaning "the first". It was used in the [[Engler system]] for an order in the ''[[Monocotyledones]]'' and later in the [[Kubitzki system]]. This order included one family only, the ''[[Palmae]]'' (alternate name ''[[Arecaceae]]''). As the [[ICBN|rules]] for [[botanical nomenclature]] provide for the use of such [[descriptive botanical name]]s above the rank of family it is quite allowed to use this name even today, but in practice most [[list of systems of plant taxonomy|systems]] prefer the name Arecales.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
In [[plant taxonomy]], Principes is a [[botanical name]], meaning "the first". It was used in the [[Engler system]] for an order in the ''[[Monocotyledones]]'' and later in the [[Kubitzki system]]. This order included one family only, the ''[[Palmae]]'' (alternate name ''[[Arecaceae]]''). As the [[ICBN|rules]] for [[botanical nomenclature]] provide for the use of such [[descriptive botanical name]]s above the rank of family it is quite allowed to use this name even today, but in practice most [[list of systems of plant taxonomy|systems]] prefer the name Arecales.<ref>{{cite web |title=Principles |url=https://palms.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/vol43n1p25.pdf |publisher=International Palm Society |access-date=2 September 2025}}</ref>


Following this, ''Principes'' became the name of the journal of the [[International Palm Society]], becoming ''Palms'' in 1999.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
Following this, ''Principes'' became the name of the journal of the [[International Palm Society]], becoming ''Palms'' in 1999.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://palms.org/resources/palms-journal/ |website=Palms, the Journal of the IPS |title =Palms|publisher=International Palm Society |access-date=2 September 2025}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 03:42, 15 December 2025

Arecales
Temporal range: 80–0 Ma Late Cretaceous - Recent
File:Beetle palm with nut bunch.jpg
Areca catechu
Scientific classification e
Missing taxonomy template (fix): Arecales
Families
Diversity
206 genera

Template:Taxonbar/candidate

Arecales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely named as such only for the past few decades; until then, the accepted name for the order including these plants was Principes. The order includes palms and relatives.

Taxonomy

The APG IV system of 2016 places Dasypogonaceae in this order, after studies showing Dasypogonaceae as sister to Arecaceae.[1] However, this decision has been called into question.[2]

Historical taxonomical systems

The Cronquist system of 1981 assigned the order to the subclass Arecidae in the class Liliopsida (= monocotyledons).[3]

The Thorne system (1992)[4] and the Dahlgren system[5] assigned the order to the superorder Areciflorae, also called Arecanae in the subclass Liliidae (= monocotyledons), with the single family Arecaceae.

The APG II system of 2003 recognised the order and placed it in the clade commelinids in the monocots and uses this circumscription:

This was unchanged from the APG system of 1998, although it used the spelling "commelinoids" instead of commelinids.[6]

Principes

In plant taxonomy, Principes is a botanical name, meaning "the first". It was used in the Engler system for an order in the Monocotyledones and later in the Kubitzki system. This order included one family only, the Palmae (alternate name Arecaceae). As the rules for botanical nomenclature provide for the use of such descriptive botanical names above the rank of family it is quite allowed to use this name even today, but in practice most systems prefer the name Arecales.[7]

Following this, Principes became the name of the journal of the International Palm Society, becoming Palms in 1999.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181: 1–20, doi:10.1111/boj.12385
  2. ↑ Givnish, Thomas J.; Zuluaga, Alejandro; Spalink, Daniel; Soto Gomez, Marybel; Lam, Vivienne K. Y.; Saarela, Jeffrey M.; Sass, Chodon; Iles, William J. D.; de Sousa, Danilo José Lima; Leebens-Mack, James; Chris Pires, J.; Zomlefer, Wendy B.; Gandolfo, Maria A.; Davis, Jerrold I.; Stevenson, Dennis W.; dePamphilis, Claude; Specht, Chelsea D.; Graham, Sean W.; Barrett, Craig F.; Ané, Cécile (November 2018), "Monocot plastid phylogenomics, timeline, net rates of species diversification, the power of multi-gene analyses, and a functional model for the origin of monocots" (PDF), American Journal of Botany, 105 (11): 1888–1910, doi:10.1002/ajb2.1178, hdl:2027.42/146610, PMID 30368769
  3. ↑ Cronquist, A (1981). An integrated system of classification of flowering plants. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231038805.
  4. ↑ Thorne, Robert F. (1992). "Classification and geography of the flowering plants". The Botanical Review. 58 (3): 225–327. doi:10.1007/BF02858611.
  5. ↑ Dahlgren, R. M. T.; Clifford, H. T.; Yeo, P. F. (1980). "A revised system of classification of the angiosperms". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 80 (2): 91–124. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1980.tb01661.x.
  6. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003). An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 141(4): 399–436. DOI: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.
  7. ↑ "Principles" (PDF). International Palm Society. Retrieved 2 September 2025.
  8. ↑ "Palms". Palms, the Journal of the IPS. International Palm Society. Retrieved 2 September 2025.

Template:Monocotyledons Template:Taxonbar

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