Foreign relations of Japan: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|none}} {{External links|date=November 2024}}
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{{Politics of Japan}}<div style="font-size: 90%">
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The {{nihongo|'''foreign relations of Japan'''|日本の国際関係|Nihon no kokusai kankei}} are handled by the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan]].
The {{nihongo|'''foreign relations of Japan'''|日本の国際関係|Nihon no kokusai kankei}} are handled by [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs]].


Japan maintains [[diplomatic relations]] with every [[United Nations member states|United Nations member state]] except for [[North Korea]], in addition to UN observer states [[Holy See]], as well as [[Kosovo]], [[Cook Islands]] and [[Niue]].
Japan maintains [[diplomatic relations]] with every [[United Nations member states|United Nations member nations]] except for [[North Korea]], in addition to UN observer states [[Holy See]], as well as [[Kosovo]], [[Cook Islands]], and [[Niue]].


Japanese foreign relations had earliest beginnings in the 5th century and after their opening to the world in 1854 with the [[Convention of Kanagawa]]. Japan rapidly modernized and built a strong military. It was imperialistic seeking control of nearby areas—with major wars against China and Russia. It gained control of parts of China and Manchuria, as well as Korea and islands such as Taiwan and Okinawa. It lost in World War II and was stripped of all of its foreign conquests and possessions. See [[History of Japanese foreign relations]]. American general [[Douglas MacArthur]],  acting for the Allied powers, supervised occupied Japan 1945–51. Since occupation ended diplomatic policy has been based on close partnership with the United States and seeking trade agreements,  In the [[Cold War]], Japan was demilitarized but it allied with the U.S. in the confrontation with the [[Soviet Union]]. It played a major support role in the [[Korean War]] (1950–1953). In the [[Japanese post-war economic miracle|rapid economic developments]] in the 1960s and 1970s, Japan was one of the [[great power|major economic power]]s in the world.
In 19th century, Japanese foreign relations had an earliest beginnings in 5th century and after their opening to the world in 1854 with the [[Convention of Kanagawa]]. Japan had rapidly modernized and built a strong military. In early 20th century, Japan was imperialistic seeking control of nearby areas—with major wars against China and Russia. It gained control parts of China including Manchuria, Korea, Taiwan, Okinawa, and as well as Southeast Asia and Pacific islands. Empire of Japan has lost in [[World War II]] to then-American President [[Harry S. Truman]] and allies, and was stripped of all of its foreign conquests and possessions. (See [[History of Japanese foreign relations]]). American General [[Douglas MacArthur]],  acting for Allied powers, supervised occupied Japan between 1945 and 1951. Since the occupation ended diplomatic policy, Japan has been based on [[Japan–United States relations|close partnership]] with the [[United States of America]] after Truman left from office and seeking trade agreements. In the [[Cold War]] (1947–1991), Japan was demilitarized, but it allied with America, [[Japan–Mexico relations|Mexico]], [[Canada–Japan relations|Canada]], [[Japan–United Kingdom relations|Britain]], [[Australia–Japan relations|Australia]], [[Japan–New Zealand relations|New Zealand]], and among other allied countries in the confrontation with the [[Soviet Union]]. It played a major support role in [[Korean War]] (1950–1953). In a [[Japanese post-war economic miracle|rapid economic developments]] in between early 1960s and 1980s, Japan was one of the [[great power|major greatest economic power]]s in the world.


By the 1990s Japan participated in the [[Peacekeeping]] operations by the UN, and sent troops to [[Cambodia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Golan Heights]] and the [[East Timor]].<ref>[http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/pko/index.html 国連平和維持活動（PKO）] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818034219/http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/pko/index.html |date=18 August 2007 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref> After the [[September 11 attacks|9/11 terror attacks]] in 2001, [[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force|Japanese naval]] vessels have been assigned to resupply duties in the [[Indian Ocean]] to the present date. The [[Japan Ground Self-Defense Force|Ground Self-Defense Force]] also dispatched their troops to Southern [[Iraq]] for the restoration of basic infrastructures.
Since the [[Death and state funeral of Hirohito|death]] of Emperor [[Hirohito]] in January 1989, by early 1990s, Japan became more active assertive, moving from a passive, reactive posture to one of greater international engagement, especially participated in [[peacekeeping]] operations by the United Nations, and sent troops to [[Cambodia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Golan Heights]], and [[East Timor]].<ref>[http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/pko/index.html 国連平和維持活動（PKO）] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818034219/http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/pko/index.html |date=18 August 2007 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref>
 
In the beginning of 21st century, in early 2001, Japan had focused on maintaining its core relationship with America, especially response to the [[war on terror]], and participating in regional diplomacy, which included supporting stabilization efforts in [[Afghanistan]]. Despite the war on terror after [[9/11]] terror attacks hit America in September 2001, [[Japan Ground Self-Defense Force|Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force]] also dispatched their troops to Southern [[Iraq]] for the restoration of basic infrastructures. Also, [[Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force|Japanese maritime naval]] vessels have been assigned to resupply duties in [[Indian Ocean]] to the present date.  


==Foreign policy==
==Foreign policy==
{{Main|Foreign policy of Japan}}
Beyond its immediate neighbors, Japan has pursued a more active foreign policy in recent years, recognizing the responsibility which accompanies its economic strength.<ref name=":0">{{citation-attribution|1={{Cite web|date=September 2001|title=Background Note: Japan|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606040246/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm|archive-date=6 June 2002|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]}} }}</ref> [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] [[Yasuo Fukuda]] stressed a changing direction in a policy speech to the [[National Diet]]: "Japan aspires to become a hub of human resource development as well as for research and intellectual contribution to further promote cooperation in the field of peace-building."<ref name="k2008">Komura, Masahiko. [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/un/pko/symposium0803-s.html  "Building Peacebuilders for the Future,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505150457/http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/un/pko/symposium0803-s.html |date=5 May 2013 }} ''Tokyo Peacebuilders Symposium 2008''. 24 March 2008.</ref> This follows the modest success of a Japanese-conceived peace plan which became the foundation for nationwide elections in [[Cambodia]] in 1998.<ref name=":0" />
Beyond its immediate neighbors, Japan has pursued a more active foreign policy in recent years, recognizing the responsibility which accompanies its economic strength.<ref name=":0">{{citation-attribution|1={{Cite web|date=September 2001|title=Background Note: Japan|url=http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020606040246/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm|archive-date=6 June 2002|publisher=[[U.S. State Department]]}} }}</ref> [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] [[Yasuo Fukuda]] stressed a changing direction in a policy speech to the [[National Diet]]: "Japan aspires to become a hub of human resource development as well as for research and intellectual contribution to further promote cooperation in the field of peace-building."<ref name="k2008">Komura, Masahiko. [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/un/pko/symposium0803-s.html  "Building Peacebuilders for the Future,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505150457/http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/un/pko/symposium0803-s.html |date=5 May 2013 }} ''Tokyo Peacebuilders Symposium 2008''. 24 March 2008.</ref> This follows the modest success of a Japanese-conceived peace plan which became the foundation for nationwide elections in [[Cambodia]] in 1998.<ref name=":0" />


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|{{Date table sorting|26 September 1887}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=ญี่ปุ่น (Japan) |url=https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content/5d5bd20d15e39c3060027a22?cate=5f1aba0039164819fc32c0ba |access-date=16 July 2023 |language=th }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|26 September 1887}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=ญี่ปุ่น (Japan) |url=https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content/5d5bd20d15e39c3060027a22?cate=5f1aba0039164819fc32c0ba |access-date=16 July 2023 |language=th |archive-date=18 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818170351/https://www.mfa.go.th/th/content/5d5bd20d15e39c3060027a22?cate=5f1aba0039164819fc32c0ba |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{Date table sorting|23 April 1956}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 May 1956 |title=Diplomatic relations established |url=https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00015023/00367/2x |access-date=2 January 2024 |work=Haiti Sun }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|23 April 1956}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 May 1956 |title=Diplomatic relations established |url=https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00015023/00367/2x |access-date=2 January 2024 |work=Haiti Sun |archive-date=2 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250102173143/https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00015023/00367/2x |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{Date table sorting|April 1961}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 March 2024 |title=64ème anniversaire de Sa Majesté Naruhito : Le Bénin et le Japon se félicitent d'un partenariat stratégique |url=https://leconomistebenin.com/le-benin-et-le-japon-se-felicitent-dun-partenariat-strategique/ |language=fr}}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|April 1961}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 March 2024 |title=64ème anniversaire de Sa Majesté Naruhito : Le Bénin et le Japon se félicitent d'un partenariat stratégique |url=https://leconomistebenin.com/le-benin-et-le-japon-se-felicitent-dun-partenariat-strategique/ |language=fr |archive-date=7 March 2025 |access-date=3 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307193620/https://leconomistebenin.com/le-benin-et-le-japon-se-felicitent-dun-partenariat-strategique/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{dts|9 December 1961}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 December 2021 |title=タンザニア建国及び日タンザニア関係の60周年をお祝いして |url=https://www.tz.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_ja/amb_jptz60.html |access-date=7 March 2025 |work=Embassy of Japan in Tanzania |language=ja}}</ref>
|{{dts|9 December 1961}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 December 2021 |title=タンザニア建国及び日タンザニア関係の60周年をお祝いして |url=https://www.tz.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_ja/amb_jptz60.html |access-date=7 March 2025 |work=Embassy of Japan in Tanzania |language=ja |archive-date=7 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250307182618/https://www.tz.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_ja/amb_jptz60.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{Date table sorting|October 1964}}
|{{dts|29 October 1964}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2011 |title=Key note address by H.e. Mr. Hakainde Hichilema |url=https://www.facebook.com/zambiafinanceministry/posts/follow-us-on-twitter-mofnpzambiakey-note-address-by-he-mr-hakainde-hichilema-the/7234446829914230/ |access-date=3 April 2026 |publisher=Ministry of Finance and National Planning of Zambia}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|Botswana}}
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|{{Date table sorting|September 1966}}
|{{Date table sorting|30 September 1966}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 August 2016 |title=Botswana and Japan celebrate 50 years of diplomatic relations |url=https://guardiansun.co.bw/News/botswana-and-japan-celebrate-50-years-of-diplomatic-relations |access-date=3 April 2026}}</ref>
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|{{Date table sorting|10 February 1972}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Political Relations |url=https://tokyo.mofa.gov.bd/en/site/page/Political-Relations |access-date=18 January 2024 |website=Embassy of the People's Republic of Bangladesh Tokyo}}</ref>
|{{Date table sorting|10 February 1972}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Political Relations |url=https://tokyo.mofa.gov.bd/en/site/page/Political-Relations |access-date=18 January 2024 |website=Embassy of the People's Republic of Bangladesh Tokyo }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
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|{{Date table sorting|9 January 1977}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic efforts made by Japan |url=https://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/other/bluebook/1976/1976-3-1.htm |access-date=19 January 2026}}</ref>
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|{{Date table sorting|14 January 1985}}<ref name=":02" />
|{{Date table sorting|14 January 1985}}<ref name=":05">{{cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations|url=https://www.foreign.gov.kn/2906-2/|access-date=23 September 2024|website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Saint Kitts and Nevis)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918094322/https://www.foreign.gov.kn/2906-2/|archive-date=18 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
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=== Africa ===
=== Africa ===
{{Main|Japanese foreign policy on Africa}}
{{Main|Japanese foreign policy on Africa}}
Japan is increasingly active in [[Africa]]. In May 2008, the first [[Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize]] will be awarded at Fourth [[Tokyo International Conference on African Development]] (TICAD IV),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cao.go.jp/noguchisho/english/index.html|title=Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110041854/http://www.cao.go.jp/noguchisho/english/index.html|archive-date=10 January 2018}}</ref> which signals a changing emphasis in bilateral relations.
Japan is increasingly active in [[Africa]]. In May 2008, the first [[Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize]] will be awarded at Fourth [[Tokyo International Conference on African Development]] (TICAD IV),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cao.go.jp/noguchisho/english/index.html|title=Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110041854/http://www.cao.go.jp/noguchisho/english/index.html|archive-date=10 January 2018}}</ref> which signals a changing emphasis in bilateral relations.
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=== Americas ===
=== Americas ===
{{main|Japan–Latin America relations}}
{{main|Japan–Latin America relations}}
Japan has continued to extend significant support to development and technical assistance projects in [[Latin America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/data/06ap_la01.html|title=外務省: ご案内- ご利用のページが見つかりません|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221181114/http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/data/06ap_la01.html|archive-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
Japan has continued to extend significant support to development and technical assistance projects in [[Latin America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/data/06ap_la01.html|title=外務省: ご案内- ご利用のページが見つかりません|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221181114/http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/oda/data/06ap_la01.html|archive-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Paraguay }}||<!--Date started-->17 November 1919
|{{flag|Paraguay }}||<!--Date started-->17 November 1919
|See [[Japan–Paraguay relations]]
|See [[Japan–Paraguay relations]]
* Commercial relations started prior to the establishment of diplomatic relations. Trade agreement was signed in Asuncion on 17 November 1919.<ref>Text in ''League of Nations Treaty Series'', vol. 6, pp. 368–377.</ref>
* Commercial relations started prior to the establishment of diplomatic relations. Trade agreement was signed in Asunción on 17 November 1919.<ref>Text in ''League of Nations Treaty Series'', vol. 6, pp. 368–377.</ref>
* Japan has an embassy in [[Asuncion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.py.emb-japan.go.jp/|title=Embajada del Japon en la Republica del Paraguay – Bienvenidos|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228110508/http://www.py.emb-japan.go.jp/|archive-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
* Japan has an embassy in [[Asunción]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.py.emb-japan.go.jp/|title=Embajada del Japon en la Republica del Paraguay – Bienvenidos|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228110508/http://www.py.emb-japan.go.jp/|archive-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
* Paraguay has an embassy in [[Tokyo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embapar.jp/|title=Embajada de la República del Paraguay en Japón|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222024522/http://www.embapar.jp/|archive-date=22 February 2015}}</ref>
* Paraguay has an embassy in [[Tokyo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.embapar.jp/|title=Embajada de la República del Paraguay en Japón|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222024522/http://www.embapar.jp/|archive-date=22 February 2015}}</ref>
* There are around 10,000 Paraguayans who are of Japanese descent, whose ancestors came to Paraguay between 1936 and 1959. (See also [[Japanese Paraguayans]])
* There are around 10,000 Paraguayans who are of Japanese descent, whose ancestors came to Paraguay between 1936 and 1959. (See also [[Japanese Paraguayans]])
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|{{flag|Venezuela }}||<!--Date started-->19 August 1938||See [[Japan–Venezuela relations]]
|{{flag|Venezuela }}||<!--Date started-->19 August 1938||See [[Japan–Venezuela relations]]


Formal diplomatic relations between the countries were established in August 1938.<ref name="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: Japan–Venezuelan relations ">{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/venezuela/index.html|title=Japan-Venezuela Relations|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221170813/http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/venezuela/index.html|archive-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> Venezuela broke off diplomatic ties with Japan (and the other [[Axis Powers]]) in December 1941, shortly after the Japanese [[attack on Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="VENEZUELA BREAKS WITH AXIS REGIMES; Move Hailed as Evidence of Nation's Faithfulness to American Obligations BRAZIL REAFFIRMS STAND Vargas Declares All Doubts Were Resolved by Attack on the United States, ''New York Times'', 1 Jan 1942">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1942/01/01/archives/venezuela-breaks-with-axis-regimes-move-hailed-as-evidence-of.html|title=VENEZUELA BREAKS WITH AXIS REGIMES - Move Hailed as Evidence of Nation's Faithfulness to American Obligations BRAZIL REAFFIRMS STAND Vargas Declares All Doubts Were Resolved by Attack on the United States - Article - NYTimes.com|date=1 January 1942|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512083514/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50C1FFA3C5D167B93C3A9178AD85F468485F9|archive-date=12 May 2013|work=The New York Times|last1=Times|first1=Special Cable to THE NEW York}}</ref>
Formal diplomatic relations between the countries were established in August 1938.<ref name="Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan: Japan–Venezuelan relations ">{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/venezuela/index.html|title=Japan-Venezuela Relations|work=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221170813/http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/latin/venezuela/index.html|archive-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> Venezuela broke off diplomatic ties with Japan (and the other [[Axis powers]]) in December 1941, shortly after the Japanese [[attack on Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="VENEZUELA BREAKS WITH AXIS REGIMES; Move Hailed as Evidence of Nation's Faithfulness to American Obligations BRAZIL REAFFIRMS STAND Vargas Declares All Doubts Were Resolved by Attack on the United States, ''New York Times'', 1 Jan 1942">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1942/01/01/archives/venezuela-breaks-with-axis-regimes-move-hailed-as-evidence-of.html|title=VENEZUELA BREAKS WITH AXIS REGIMES - Move Hailed as Evidence of Nation's Faithfulness to American Obligations BRAZIL REAFFIRMS STAND Vargas Declares All Doubts Were Resolved by Attack on the United States - Article - NYTimes.com|date=1 January 1942|access-date=21 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512083514/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50C1FFA3C5D167B93C3A9178AD85F468485F9|archive-date=12 May 2013|work=The New York Times}}</ref>


In 1999, Venezuelan President [[Hugo Chávez]] made a three-day trip to Japan. He made another two-day trip in 2009, during which he met Prime Minister [[Tarō Asō]].
In 1999, Venezuelan President [[Hugo Chávez]] made a three-day trip to Japan. He made another two-day trip in 2009, during which he met Prime Minister [[Tarō Asō]].
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|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||<!--Date started-->27 January 1992||See [[Azerbaijan–Japan relations]]
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||<!--Date started-->27 January 1992||See [[Azerbaijan–Japan relations]]
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Tokyo.
* Japan has an embassy in [[Baku]].
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|{{flag|Bahrain}}||<!--Date started-->15 May 1974||See [[Bahrain–Japan relations]]
|{{flag|Bahrain}}||<!--Date started-->15 May 1974||See [[Bahrain–Japan relations]]
|--valign="top"
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|{{flag|Bangladesh }}||February 1972<ref name="mfat"/>||See [[Bangladesh–Japan relations]]
|{{flag|Bangladesh }}||February 1972<ref name="mfat"/>||See [[Bangladesh–Japan relations]]
Bangladeshi–Japanese relations were established in February 1972.<ref name="JAMOFA">{{Cite web|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|location=Japan|title=Japan–Bangladesh Relations|date=March 2008|access-date=9 April 2008|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/bangladesh/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214090204/http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/bangladesh/index.html|archive-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Japan is Bangladesh's 11th-largest export market; imports from Bangladesh make up 26% of all Japanese imports from the [[least developed country|least developed countries]], second only to those from [[Cambodia]]. Common imports from Bangladesh to Japan include leather goods, ready-made garments, and shrimp.<ref name="Matin">{{Cite book|contribution=East Asian Security: A Bangladesh Perspective|last=Abdul Matin|first=Muhammad|pages=504–528|title=Changing Security Dynamic in Eastern Asia: Focus on Japan|editor1-last=Sisodia|editor1-first=N. S.|editor2-last=Naidu|editor2-first=G. V. C.|publisher=Bibliophile South Asia|year=2005|isbn=978-81-86019-52-8}}</ref> By 2004, Japan had become Bangladesh's fourth-largest source of [[foreign direct investment]], behind the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], and [[Malaysia]]. Japan's political goals in its relationship with Bangladesh include gaining support for their [[reform of the United Nations Security Council|bid to join]] the [[United Nations Security Council]], and securing markets for their finished goods. Japan is a significant source of [[development aid]] to Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Japan's Political and Economic Goals in Bangladesh|journal=Asian Affairs|volume=27|issue=4|pages=41–50|date=October–December 2005|last=Ashrafur Rahman|first=Syed|url=http://www.cdrb.org/journal/2005/4/3.pdf|access-date=9 April 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528063908/http://www.cdrb.org/journal/2005/4/3.pdf|archive-date=28 May 2008}}</ref>
Bangladeshi–Japanese relations were established in February 1972.<ref name="JAMOFA">{{Cite web|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|location=Japan|title=Japan–Bangladesh Relations|date=March 2008|access-date=9 April 2008|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/bangladesh/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214090204/http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/bangladesh/index.html|archive-date=14 February 2008}}</ref> Japan is Bangladesh's 11th-largest export market; imports from Bangladesh make up 26% of all Japanese imports from the [[least developed country|least developed countries]], second only to those from [[Cambodia]]. Common imports from Bangladesh to Japan include leather goods, ready-made garments, and shrimp.<ref name="Matin">{{Cite book|contribution=East Asian Security: A Bangladesh Perspective|last=Abdul Matin|first=Muhammad|pages=504–528|title=Changing Security Dynamic in Eastern Asia: Focus on Japan|editor1-last=Sisodia|editor1-first=N. S.|editor2-last=Naidu|editor2-first=G. V. C.|publisher=Bibliophile South Asia|year=2005|isbn=978-81-86019-52-8}}</ref> By 2004, Japan had become Bangladesh's fourth-largest source of [[foreign direct investment]], behind the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], and [[Malaysia]]. Japan's political goals in its relationship with Bangladesh include gaining support for their [[reform of the United Nations Security Council|bid to join]] the [[United Nations Security Council]], and securing markets for their finished goods. Japan is a significant source of [[development aid]] to Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Japan's Political and Economic Goals in Bangladesh|journal=Asian Affairs|volume=27|issue=4|pages=41–50|date=October–December 2005|last=Ashrafur Rahman|first=Syed|url=http://www.cdrb.org/journal/2005/4/3.pdf|access-date=9 April 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528063908/http://www.cdrb.org/journal/2005/4/3.pdf|archive-date=28 May 2008}}</ref>
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The Japanese government refrained from appointing a Minister Plenipotentiary to Israel until 1955. Relations between the two states were distant at first, but after 1958, as demand no break occurred. This had been at the same time that [[OPEC]] had imposed an oil embargo against several countries, including Japan.
The Japanese government refrained from appointing a Minister Plenipotentiary to Israel until 1955. Relations between the two states were distant at first, but after 1958, as demand no break occurred. This had been at the same time that [[OPEC]] had imposed an oil embargo against several countries, including Japan.


Recently ties between Israel and Japan have strengthened significantly, with many mutual investments between the two nations. Japanese prime minister [[Shinzō Abe|Shinzo Abe]] visited [[Israel]] twice – once in 2015<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.haaretz.com/.premium-strictly-business-for-shinzo-abe-in-israel-1.5364057|title = For Shinzo Abe in Israel, it's strictly business|newspaper = Haaretz|access-date = 14 April 2021|archive-date = 7 May 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220507152816/https://www.haaretz.com/.premium-strictly-business-for-shinzo-abe-in-israel-1.5364057|url-status = live}}</ref> and a second time in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://embassies.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2018/Pages/Japanese-PM-Shinz%C5%8D-Abe-arrives-in-Israel-on-an-official-visit-1-May-2018.aspx |title=Japanese PM Shinzō Abe arrives in Israel on an official visit |date=1 May 2018 |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel]] |access-date=14 April 2021 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412010718/https://embassies.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2018/Pages/Japanese-PM-Shinz%C5%8D-Abe-arrives-in-Israel-on-an-official-visit-1-May-2018.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
Recently ties between Israel and Japan have strengthened significantly, with many mutual investments between the two nations. Japanese prime minister [[Shinzō Abe|Shinzo Abe]] visited [[Israel]] twice – once in 2015<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.haaretz.com/2015-01-23/ty-article/.premium/strictly-business-for-shinzo-abe-in-israel/0000017f-e739-dc7e-adff-f7bdaa320000|title = For Shinzo Abe in Israel, it's strictly business|newspaper = Haaretz|access-date = 14 April 2021|archive-date = 7 May 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220507152816/https://www.haaretz.com/.premium-strictly-business-for-shinzo-abe-in-israel-1.5364057|url-status = live}}</ref> and a second time in 2018.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://embassies.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2018/Pages/Japanese-PM-Shinz%C5%8D-Abe-arrives-in-Israel-on-an-official-visit-1-May-2018.aspx |title=Japanese PM Shinzō Abe arrives in Israel on an official visit |date=1 May 2018 |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel]] |access-date=14 April 2021 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412010718/https://embassies.gov.il/MFA/PressRoom/2018/Pages/Japanese-PM-Shinz%C5%8D-Abe-arrives-in-Israel-on-an-official-visit-1-May-2018.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>


* [[Israel]] has an embassy in [[Tokyo]].
* [[Israel]] has an embassy in [[Tokyo]].
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* Denmark has an embassy in Tokyo.
* Denmark has an embassy in Tokyo.
* Japan has an embassy in [[Copenhagen]].
* Japan has an embassy in [[Copenhagen]].
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|{{flag|Estonia}}||<!--Data started-->26 January 1921;10 October 1991||See [[Estonia–Japan relations]]
* Estonia has an embassy in Tokyo.
* Japan has an embassy in [[Tallinn]].
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|{{flag|European Union }}||<!--Date started-->1959||See [[Japan–European Union relations]]
|{{flag|European Union }}||<!--Date started-->1959||See [[Japan–European Union relations]]
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* Italy has an embassy in Tokyo.
* Italy has an embassy in Tokyo.
* Japan has an embassy in [[Rome]].
* Japan has an embassy in [[Rome]] and a consulate-general in [[Milan]].
* Foreign Affairs Ministers of both nation held informal talks on the margins of the G7 Foreign Ministers’ meeting in Tokyo in early November 2023.
* Foreign Affairs Ministers of both nation held informal talks on the margins of the G7 Foreign Ministers’ meeting in Tokyo in early November 2023.
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Japan [[International recognition of Kosovo|recognised]] it on 18 March 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2008/3/0318.html|title=Statement by Foreign Minister Masahiko Koumura on the Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|date=18 March 2008|access-date=18 March 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321171414/http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2008/3/0318.html|archive-date=21 March 2008}}</ref> The first Ambassador of Japan to the Republic of Kosovo is Akio Tanaka. He is subordinate to the Japanese Embassy in [[Vienna]], Austria.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newkosovareport.com/200906231843/Politics/Japan–and-Kosovo-strengthen-diplomatic-ties.html|title=Japan and Kosovo strengthen diplomatic ties|publisher=New Kosova Report|date=23 June 2009|access-date=24 June 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051444/http://www.newkosovareport.com/200906231843/Politics/Japan%E2%80%93and-Kosovo-strengthen-diplomatic-ties.html|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
Japan [[International recognition of Kosovo|recognised]] it on 18 March 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2008/3/0318.html|title=Statement by Foreign Minister Masahiko Koumura on the Recognition of the Republic of Kosovo|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan|date=18 March 2008|access-date=18 March 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321171414/http://www.mofa.go.jp/announce/announce/2008/3/0318.html|archive-date=21 March 2008}}</ref> The first Ambassador of Japan to the Republic of Kosovo is Akio Tanaka. He is subordinate to the Japanese Embassy in [[Vienna]], Austria.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newkosovareport.com/200906231843/Politics/Japan–and-Kosovo-strengthen-diplomatic-ties.html|title=Japan and Kosovo strengthen diplomatic ties|publisher=New Kosova Report|date=23 June 2009|access-date=24 June 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051444/http://www.newkosovareport.com/200906231843/Politics/Japan%E2%80%93and-Kosovo-strengthen-diplomatic-ties.html|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Latvia}}||<!--Data started-->10 October 1991||See [[Japan–Latvia relations]]
* Latvia has an embassy in Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Embassy of Latvia to Japan |url=https://www2.mfa.gov.lv/en/japan |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=www2.mfa.gov.lv |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* Japan has an embassy in [[Riga]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Vēstniecība {{!}} Latvijas vēstniecība Japānā |url=https://www2.mfa.gov.lv/japan/vestnieciba |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=www2.mfa.gov.lv |language=lv-LV}}</ref>
|-
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|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}
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* Ambassador to Lithuania is Miyoko Akashi, ambassador to Japan is [[Dainius Kamaitis]].
* Ambassador to Lithuania is Miyoko Akashi, ambassador to Japan is [[Dainius Kamaitis]].
* In 2007 the Emperor and Empress of Japan [[Akihito]] and [[Michiko]] paid an official visit in Lithuania.
* In 2007 the Emperor and Empress of Japan [[Akihito]] and [[Michiko]] paid an official visit in Lithuania.
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|{{flag|Luxembourg}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Japan–Luxembourg relations]]
* Luxembourg has an embassy in Tokyo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-01 |title=Embassy of Luxembourg in Tokyo |url=http://tokyo.mae.lu/en.html |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=tokyo.mae.lu |language=en}}</ref>
* Japan has an embassy in [[Luxembourg City]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Japan Embassy in Luxembourg, Luxembourg |url=https://embassies.net/japan-in-luxembourg/luxembourg |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=embassies.net}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Malta }}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Japan–Malta relations]]
|{{flag|Malta }}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Japan–Malta relations]]
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* Netherlands has an embassy in Tokyo.
* Netherlands has an embassy in Tokyo.
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|{{flag|Norway}}||<!--Date started-->1905–11||See [[Foreign relations of Norway]]
|{{flag|Norway}}||<!--Date started-->1905–11||See [[Japan–Norway relations]]


* Japan has an embassy in [[Oslo]].
* Japan has an embassy in [[Oslo]].
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==Disputed territories==
==Disputed territories==
{{main|Territorial disputes of Japan}}
{{main|Territorial disputes of Japan}}
Japan has several [[territorial dispute]]s with its neighbors concerning the control of certain outlying islands.
Japan has several [[territorial dispute]]s with its neighbors concerning the control of certain outlying islands.


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{{Portal|Japan}}
{{Portal|Japan}}
* [[Foreign policy of Japan]]
* [[Foreign policy of Japan]]
* [[1995 Okinawa rape incident]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Japan]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions in Japan]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Japan]]
* [[List of diplomatic missions of Japan]]
* [[List of international trips made by prime ministers of Japan]]
* [[List of war apology statements issued by Japan]]
* [[List of war apology statements issued by Japan]]
* [[Hotta Masayoshi]]
* [[Hotta Masayoshi]]
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