List of artificial intelligence projects: Difference between revisions

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* [[Blue Brain Project]], an attempt to create a synthetic brain by [[Reverse engineering|reverse-engineering]] the mammalian brain down to the molecular level.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham-Rowe |first=Duncan |title=Mission to build a simulated brain begins |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7470-mission-to-build-a-simulated-brain-begins/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Blue Brain Project]], an attempt to create a synthetic brain by [[Reverse engineering|reverse-engineering]] the mammalian brain down to the molecular level.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Graham-Rowe |first=Duncan |title=Mission to build a simulated brain begins |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7470-mission-to-build-a-simulated-brain-begins/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Google Brain]], a deep learning project part of [[Google X]] attempting to have intelligence similar or equal to human-level.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-06 |title=What is Google Brain? |url=https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-google-brain/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=GeeksforGeeks |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Google Brain]], a deep learning project part of [[Google X]] attempting to have intelligence similar or equal to human-level.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-06 |title=What is Google Brain? |url=https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-google-brain/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=GeeksforGeeks |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Human Brain Project]], ten-year scientific research project, based on exascale supercomputers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Siva |first=Nayanah |title=What happened to the Human Brain Project? |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02346-2 |journal=The Lancet |date=2023 |volume=402 |issue=10411 |pages=1408–1409 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02346-2 |pmid=37866363 |issn=0140-6736}}</ref>
* [[Human Brain Project]], ten-year scientific research project, based on exascale supercomputers.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Siva |first=Nayanah |title=What happened to the Human Brain Project? |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02346-2 |journal=The Lancet |date=2023 |volume=402 |issue=10411 |pages=1408–1409 |doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02346-2 |pmid=37866363 |issn=0140-6736|url-access=subscription }}</ref>


===Cognitive architectures===
===Cognitive architectures===
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* [[CHREST]], developed under [[Fernand Gobet]] at [[Brunel University]] and Peter C. Lane at the [[University of Hertfordshire]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHREST {{!}} CHREST |url=http://chrest.info/chrest.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=chrest.info}}</ref>
* [[CHREST]], developed under [[Fernand Gobet]] at [[Brunel University]] and Peter C. Lane at the [[University of Hertfordshire]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHREST {{!}} CHREST |url=http://chrest.info/chrest.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=chrest.info}}</ref>
* [[CLARION (cognitive architecture)|CLARION]], developed under [[Ron Sun]] at [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] and University of Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The CLARION Project Home Page |url=http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/clarion.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818214002/http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/clarion.html |archive-date=2010-08-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[CLARION (cognitive architecture)|CLARION]], developed under [[Ron Sun]] at [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] and University of Missouri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The CLARION Project Home Page |url=http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/clarion.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818214002/http://www.cogsci.rpi.edu/~rsun/clarion.html |archive-date=2010-08-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[JACK Intelligent Agents|CoJACK]], an [[ACT-R]] inspired extension to the JACK multi-agent system that adds a cognitive architecture to the agents for eliciting more realistic (human-like) behaviors in virtual environments.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ritter |first1=Frank E. |last2=Bittner |first2=Jennifer L. |last3=Kase |first3=Sue E. |last4=Evertsz |first4=Rick |last5=Pedrotti |first5=Matteo |last6=Busetta |first6=Paolo |year=2012 |title=CoJACK: A high-level cognitive architecture with demonstrations of moderators, variability, and implications for situation awareness |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bica.2012.04.004 |journal=Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures |volume=1 |pages=6 |doi=10.1016/j.bica.2012.04.004 |issn=2212-683X}}</ref>
* [[JACK Intelligent Agents|CoJACK]], an [[ACT-R]] inspired extension to the JACK multi-agent system that adds a cognitive architecture to the agents for eliciting more realistic (human-like) behaviors in virtual environments.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ritter |first1=Frank E. |last2=Bittner |first2=Jennifer L. |last3=Kase |first3=Sue E. |last4=Evertsz |first4=Rick |last5=Pedrotti |first5=Matteo |last6=Busetta |first6=Paolo |year=2012 |title=CoJACK: A high-level cognitive architecture with demonstrations of moderators, variability, and implications for situation awareness |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bica.2012.04.004 |journal=Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures |volume=1 |pages=6 |doi=10.1016/j.bica.2012.04.004 |issn=2212-683X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[Copycat (software)|Copycat]], by [[Douglas Hofstadter]] and [[Melanie Mitchell]] at the [[Indiana University (Bloomington)|Indiana University]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hofstadter |first=Douglas R. |url=https://pcl.sitehost.iu.edu/rgoldsto/courses/concepts/copycat.pdf |title=Fluid concepts & creative analogies: computer models of the fundamental mechanisms of thought |date=1995 |publisher=Basic Books |others=Fluid Analogies Research Group |isbn=978-0-465-05154-0 |location=New York |pages=205 |language=en-US |chapter=The Copycat Project: A Model Of Mental Fluidity and Analogy-making}}</ref>
* [[Copycat (software)|Copycat]], by [[Douglas Hofstadter]] and [[Melanie Mitchell]] at the [[Indiana University (Bloomington)|Indiana University]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hofstadter |first=Douglas R. |url=https://pcl.sitehost.iu.edu/rgoldsto/courses/concepts/copycat.pdf |title=Fluid concepts & creative analogies: computer models of the fundamental mechanisms of thought |date=1995 |publisher=Basic Books |others=Fluid Analogies Research Group |isbn=978-0-465-05154-0 |location=New York |pages=205 |language=en-US |chapter=The Copycat Project: A Model Of Mental Fluidity and Analogy-making}}</ref>
* [[DUAL (cognitive architecture)|DUAL]], developed at the [[New Bulgarian University]] under [[Boicho Kokinov]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=DUAL Cognitive Architecture |url=https://alexpetrov.com/proj/dual/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=alexpetrov.com}}</ref>
* [[DUAL (cognitive architecture)|DUAL]], developed at the [[New Bulgarian University]] under [[Boicho Kokinov]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=DUAL Cognitive Architecture |url=https://alexpetrov.com/proj/dual/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=alexpetrov.com}}</ref>
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* [[Soar (cognitive architecture)|Soar]], developed under [[Allen Newell]] and [[John E. Laird|John Laird]] at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] and the [[University of Michigan]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Soar Cognitive Architecture |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262538534/the-soar-cognitive-architecture/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |language=en-US |isbn=9780262538534 |last1=Laird |first1=John E. |date=20 August 2019 |publisher=MIT Press }}</ref>
* [[Soar (cognitive architecture)|Soar]], developed under [[Allen Newell]] and [[John E. Laird|John Laird]] at [[Carnegie Mellon University]] and the [[University of Michigan]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Soar Cognitive Architecture |url=https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262538534/the-soar-cognitive-architecture/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |language=en-US |isbn=9780262538534 |last1=Laird |first1=John E. |date=20 August 2019 |publisher=MIT Press }}</ref>
* ''[[Society of Mind]]'' and its successor ''[[The Emotion Machine]]'' proposed by [[Marvin Minsky]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Minsky |first=Marvin |title=The society of mind |date=1986 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-671-60740-1 |location=New York}}</ref>
* ''[[Society of Mind]]'' and its successor ''[[The Emotion Machine]]'' proposed by [[Marvin Minsky]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Minsky |first=Marvin |title=The society of mind |date=1986 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-671-60740-1 |location=New York}}</ref>
* [[Subsumption architecture]]s, developed e.g. by [[Rodney Brooks]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brooks |first=R. |date=1986 |title=A robust layered control system for a mobile robot |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1087032 |journal=IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=14–23 |doi=10.1109/JRA.1986.1087032 |issn=0882-4967|hdl=1721.1/6432 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> (though it could be argued whether they are ''cognitive'').
* [[Subsumption architecture]]s, developed e.g. by [[Rodney Brooks]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brooks |first=R. |date=1986 |title=A robust layered control system for a mobile robot |journal=IEEE Journal on Robotics and Automation |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=14–23 |doi=10.1109/JRA.1986.1087032 |bibcode=1986IJRA....2...14B |issn=0882-4967|hdl=1721.1/6432 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> (though it could be argued whether they are ''cognitive'').


===Games===
===Games===
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* The [[Samuel Checkers-playing Program]] (1959) was among the world's first successful self-learning programs, and as such a very early demonstration of the fundamental concept of artificial intelligence (AI).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sutton |first=Richard |url=https://web.stanford.edu/class/psych209/Readings/SuttonBartoIPRLBook2ndEd.pdf |title=Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction |publisher=MIT Press |year=1997 |page=279 |language=en |chapter=14.2 Samuel's Checkers Player}}</ref>
* The [[Samuel Checkers-playing Program]] (1959) was among the world's first successful self-learning programs, and as such a very early demonstration of the fundamental concept of artificial intelligence (AI).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sutton |first=Richard |url=https://web.stanford.edu/class/psych209/Readings/SuttonBartoIPRLBook2ndEd.pdf |title=Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction |publisher=MIT Press |year=1997 |page=279 |language=en |chapter=14.2 Samuel's Checkers Player}}</ref>
* [[Stockfish (chess)|Stockfish AI]], an open source chess engine currently ranked the highest in many [[Chess engine#Ratings|computer chess rankings]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://stockfishchess.org/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Stockfish |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Stockfish (chess)|Stockfish AI]], an open source chess engine currently ranked the highest in many [[Chess engine#Ratings|computer chess rankings]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://stockfishchess.org/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Stockfish |language=en}}</ref>
* [[TD-Gammon]], a program that learned to play world-class [[backgammon]] partly by playing against itself ([[temporal difference learning]] with [[Artificial neural network|neural network]]s).<ref>{{Citation |title=TD-Gammon |date=2010 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Machine Learning |pages=955–956 |editor-last=Sammut |editor-first=Claude |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_813 |access-date=2024-06-07 |place=Boston, MA |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_813 |isbn=978-0-387-30164-8 |editor2-last=Webb |editor2-first=Geoffrey I.}}</ref>
* [[TD-Gammon]], a program that learned to play world-class [[backgammon]] partly by playing against itself ([[temporal difference learning]] with [[Artificial neural network|neural network]]s).<ref>{{Citation |title=TD-Gammon |date=2010 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Machine Learning |pages=955–956 |editor-last=Sammut |editor-first=Claude |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_813 |access-date=2024-06-07 |place=Boston, MA |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-30164-8_813 |isbn=978-0-387-30164-8 |editor2-last=Webb |editor2-first=Geoffrey I.|url-access=subscription }}</ref>


===Internet activism===
===Internet activism===
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* [[Holmes (computer)|Holmes]] a new AI created by [[Wipro]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wipro HOLMES™ |url=https://www.thewealthmosaic.com/vendors/wipro/wipro-holmestm/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Wealth Mosaic}}</ref>
* [[Holmes (computer)|Holmes]] a new AI created by [[Wipro]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wipro HOLMES™ |url=https://www.thewealthmosaic.com/vendors/wipro/wipro-holmestm/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Wealth Mosaic}}</ref>
* [[Microsoft Cortana]], an intelligent personal assistant with a voice interface in [[Microsoft]]'s various [[Windows 10 editions]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levy |first=Karyne |title=Microsoft Has Its Own Version Of Siri, A Voice Assistant Called 'Cortana' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/microsofts-cortana-voice-assistant-2014-4 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Microsoft Cortana]], an intelligent personal assistant with a voice interface in [[Microsoft]]'s various [[Windows 10 editions]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Levy |first=Karyne |title=Microsoft Has Its Own Version Of Siri, A Voice Assistant Called 'Cortana' |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/microsofts-cortana-voice-assistant-2014-4 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Mycin]], an early medical expert system.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yu |first=Victor L. |date=1979-09-21 |title=Antimicrobial Selection by a Computer: A Blinded Evaluation by Infectious Diseases Experts |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.1979.03300120033020 |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=242 |issue=12 |pages=1279–1282 |doi=10.1001/jama.1979.03300120033020 |pmid=480542 |issn=0098-7484}}</ref>
* [[MindsDB]], is an AI automation platform for building AI/[[Machine learning|ML]] powered features and applications.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.computerweekly.com/blog/Open-Source-Insider/MindsDB-drives-AI-for-open-source-machine-learning| title=MindsDB drives AI for open source machine learning | accessdate=2024-11-20}}</ref>
* [[Mycin]], an early medical expert system.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yu |first=Victor L. |date=1979-09-21 |title=Antimicrobial Selection by a Computer: A Blinded Evaluation by Infectious Diseases Experts |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.1979.03300120033020 |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=242 |issue=12 |pages=1279–1282 |doi=10.1001/jama.1979.03300120033020 |pmid=480542 |issn=0098-7484|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[Open Mind Common Sense]], a project based at the [[MIT Media Lab]] to build a large common sense [[knowledge base]] from online contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Overview ‹ Open Mind Common Sense |url=https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/open-mind-common-sense/overview/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=MIT Media Lab}}</ref>
* [[Open Mind Common Sense]], a project based at the [[MIT Media Lab]] to build a large common sense [[knowledge base]] from online contributions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Overview ‹ Open Mind Common Sense |url=https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/open-mind-common-sense/overview/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=MIT Media Lab}}</ref>
* [[Siri]], an intelligent personal assistant and [[Knowledge Navigator|knowledge navigator]] with a voice-interface in [[Apple Inc.]]'s [[iOS]] and [[macOS]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-22 |title=SIRI RISING: The Inside Story Of Siri's Origins -- And Why She Could Overshadow The iPhone |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/siri-do-engine-apple-iphone_n_2499165 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Siri]], an intelligent personal assistant and [[Knowledge Navigator|knowledge navigator]] with a voice-interface in [[Apple Inc.]]'s [[iOS]] and [[macOS]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-22 |title=SIRI RISING: The Inside Story Of Siri's Origins -- And Why She Could Overshadow The iPhone |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/siri-do-engine-apple-iphone_n_2499165 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref>
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* [[Viv (software)]], a new AI by the creators of [[Siri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kastrenakes |first=Jacob |date=2016-05-04 |title=Siri's creators will unveil their new AI bot on Monday |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/4/11593564/viv-labs-unveiling-monday-new-ai-from-siri-creators |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Viv (software)]], a new AI by the creators of [[Siri]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kastrenakes |first=Jacob |date=2016-05-04 |title=Siri's creators will unveil their new AI bot on Monday |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/4/11593564/viv-labs-unveiling-monday-new-ai-from-siri-creators |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Wolfram Alpha]], an online service that answers queries by computing the answer from structured data.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-05-18 |title=Wolfram 'search engine' goes live |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8052798.stm |access-date=2024-06-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[Wolfram Alpha]], an online service that answers queries by computing the answer from structured data.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-05-18 |title=Wolfram 'search engine' goes live |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/8052798.stm |access-date=2024-06-07 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[MindsDB]], is an AI automation platform for building AI/[[Machine learning|ML]] powered features and applications.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.computerweekly.com/blog/Open-Source-Insider/MindsDB-drives-AI-for-open-source-machine-learning| title=MindsDB drives AI for open source machine learning | accessdate=2024-11-20}}</ref>


===Motion and manipulation===
===Motion and manipulation===
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* [[Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity]] (A.L.I.C.E.), a natural language processing [[chatterbot]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Alicebot Technology History |url=http://www.alicebot.org/history/technology.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230095936/http://www.alicebot.org/history/technology.html |archive-date=2017-12-30 |accessdate=2024-06-07 |website=alicebot.org}}</ref>
* [[Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity]] (A.L.I.C.E.), a natural language processing [[chatterbot]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Alicebot Technology History |url=http://www.alicebot.org/history/technology.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230095936/http://www.alicebot.org/history/technology.html |archive-date=2017-12-30 |accessdate=2024-06-07 |website=alicebot.org}}</ref>
* [[ChatGPT]], a chatbot built on top of OpenAI's [[GPT-3|GPT-3.5]] and [[GPT-4]] family of [[large language model]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Benj |date=2023-03-14 |title=OpenAI's GPT-4 exhibits "human-level performance" on professional benchmarks |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/03/openai-announces-gpt-4-its-next-generation-ai-language-model/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
* [[ChatGPT]], a chatbot built on top of OpenAI's [[GPT-3|GPT-3.5]] and [[GPT-4]] family of [[large language model]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Edwards |first=Benj |date=2023-03-14 |title=OpenAI's GPT-4 exhibits "human-level performance" on professional benchmarks |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2023/03/openai-announces-gpt-4-its-next-generation-ai-language-model/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>
* [[Claude (language model)|Claude]], a family of large language models developed by [[Anthropic]] and launched in 2023. Claude LLMs achieved high coding scores in several recognized LLM benchmarks. [https://www.swebench.com/] [https://paperswithcode.com/sota/code-generation-on-humaneval]
* [[Claude (language model)|Claude]], a family of large language models developed by [[Anthropic]] and launched in 2023. Claude LLMs achieved high coding scores in several recognized LLM benchmarks.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trending Papers - Hugging Face |url=https://huggingface.co/papers/trending |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=huggingface.co}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SWE-bench Leaderboards |url=https://www.swebench.com/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=www.swebench.com}}</ref>
* [[Cleverbot]], successor to Jabberwacky, now with 170m lines of conversation, Deep Context, fuzziness and parallel processing. Cleverbot learns from around 2 million user interactions per month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saenz |first=Aaron |date=2010-01-13 |title=Cleverbot Chat Engine Is Learning From The Internet To Talk Like A Human |url=https://singularityhub.com/2010/01/13/cleverbot-chat-engine-is-learning-from-the-internet-to-talk-like-a-human/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Singularity Hub |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Cleverbot]], successor to Jabberwacky, now with 170m lines of conversation, Deep Context, fuzziness and parallel processing. Cleverbot learns from around 2 million user interactions per month.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saenz |first=Aaron |date=2010-01-13 |title=Cleverbot Chat Engine Is Learning From The Internet To Talk Like A Human |url=https://singularityhub.com/2010/01/13/cleverbot-chat-engine-is-learning-from-the-internet-to-talk-like-a-human/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Singularity Hub |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[DeepSeek]]: Chinese chatbot funded by hedge fund High-Flyer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-21 |title=Beijing puts spotlight on China’s new face of AI, DeepSeek’s Liang Wenfeng |url=https://www.scmp.com/tech/policy/article/3295662/beijing-meeting-puts-spotlight-chinas-new-face-ai-deepseek-founder-liang-wenfeng |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref>
* [[DBRX]], 136 billion parameter open sourced large language model developed by [[Mosaic ML]] and [[Databricks]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Will |title=Inside the Creation of the World's Most Powerful Open Source AI Model |url=https://www.wired.com/story/dbrx-inside-the-creation-of-the-worlds-most-powerful-open-source-ai-model/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>
* [[ELIZA]], a famous 1966 computer program by [[Joseph Weizenbaum]], which parodied [[person-centered therapy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2012-09-13 |title=Alan Turing at 100 |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/09/alan-turing-at-100/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Harvard Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[ELIZA]], a famous 1966 computer program by [[Joseph Weizenbaum]], which parodied [[person-centered therapy]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2012-09-13 |title=Alan Turing at 100 |url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2012/09/alan-turing-at-100/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Harvard Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[FreeHAL]], a self-learning conversation simulator ([[chatterbot]]) which uses semantic nets to organize its knowledge to imitate a very close human behavior within conversations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About - FreeHAL |url=https://freehal.github.io/index.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=freehal.github.io}}</ref>
* [[FreeHAL]], a self-learning conversation simulator ([[chatterbot]]) which uses semantic nets to organize its knowledge to imitate a very close human behavior within conversations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About - FreeHAL |url=https://freehal.github.io/index.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=freehal.github.io}}</ref>
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* [[SHRDLU]], an early natural language processing computer program developed by [[Terry Winograd]] at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] from 1968 to 1970.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Winograd |first=Terry |date=1971-01-01 |title=Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7095 |journal=AI Technical Reports |hdl=1721.1/7095 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[SHRDLU]], an early natural language processing computer program developed by [[Terry Winograd]] at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] from 1968 to 1970.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Winograd |first=Terry |date=1971-01-01 |title=Procedures as a Representation for Data in a Computer Program for Understanding Natural Language |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7095 |journal=AI Technical Reports |hdl=1721.1/7095 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[SYSTRAN]], a [[machine translation]] technology by the company of the same name, used by [[Yahoo!]], [[AltaVista]] and [[Google]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giussani |first=Bruno |date=1998-03-10 |title=Free Translation of Language Proves More Divertimento Than a Keg of Monkeys |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/98/03/cyber/eurobytes/10euro.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref>
* [[SYSTRAN]], a [[machine translation]] technology by the company of the same name, used by [[Yahoo!]], [[AltaVista]] and [[Google]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Giussani |first=Bruno |date=1998-03-10 |title=Free Translation of Language Proves More Divertimento Than a Keg of Monkeys |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/tech/98/03/cyber/eurobytes/10euro.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=The New York Times |language=en}}</ref>
* [[DBRX]], 136 billion parameter open sourced large language model developed by [[Mosaic ML]] and [[Databricks]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Will |title=Inside the Creation of the World's Most Powerful Open Source AI Model |url=https://www.wired.com/story/dbrx-inside-the-creation-of-the-worlds-most-powerful-open-source-ai-model/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |issn=1059-1028}}</ref>


===Speech recognition===
===Speech recognition===
{{further|List of speech recognition software}}
{{further|List of speech recognition software}}
* [[CMU Sphinx]], a group of speech recognition systems developed at Carnegie Mellon University.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=El Amrani |first1=Mohamed Yassine |last2=Rahman |first2=M.M. Hafizur |last3=Wahiddin |first3=Mohamed Ridza |last4=Shah |first4=Asadullah |year=2016 |title=Building CMU Sphinx language model for the Holy Quran using simplified Arabic phonemes |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eij.2016.04.002 |journal=Egyptian Informatics Journal |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=305–314 |doi=10.1016/j.eij.2016.04.002 |issn=1110-8665}}</ref>
* [[CMU Sphinx]], a group of speech recognition systems developed at Carnegie Mellon University.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=El Amrani |first1=Mohamed Yassine |last2=Rahman |first2=M.M. Hafizur |last3=Wahiddin |first3=Mohamed Ridza |last4=Shah |first4=Asadullah |year=2016 |title=Building CMU Sphinx language model for the Holy Quran using simplified Arabic phonemes |journal=Egyptian Informatics Journal |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=305–314 |doi=10.1016/j.eij.2016.04.002 |issn=1110-8665|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[DeepSpeech]], an [[Open source|open-source]] Speech-To-Text engine based on Baidu's deep speech research paper.<ref>{{cite web |title=A TensorFlow implementation of Baidu's DeepSpeech architecture |date=2017-12-05 |url=https://github.com/mozilla/DeepSpeech |publisher=Mozilla |access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref>
* [[DeepSpeech]], an [[Open source|open-source]] Speech-To-Text engine based on Baidu's deep speech research paper.<ref>{{cite web |title=A TensorFlow implementation of Baidu's DeepSpeech architecture |date=2017-12-05 |url=https://github.com/mozilla/DeepSpeech |publisher=Mozilla |access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref>
* [[Whisper (speech recognition system)|Whisper]], an open-source speech recognition system developed at OpenAI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2022-09-21 |title=OpenAI open-sources Whisper, a multilingual speech recognition system |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/09/21/openai-open-sources-whisper-a-multilingual-speech-recognition-system/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Whisper (speech recognition system)|Whisper]], an open-source speech recognition system developed at OpenAI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2022-09-21 |title=OpenAI open-sources Whisper, a multilingual speech recognition system |url=https://techcrunch.com/2022/09/21/openai-open-sources-whisper-a-multilingual-speech-recognition-system/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref>
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===Video===
===Video===
 
* [[CapCut]] is a video editor tool, developed by [[ByteDance]] for short video content on TikTok, [[YouTube]], Instagram, and other social media platforms.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ai Tools Directory |url=https://aitoolspin.com |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=Ai Tools Directory |language=en}}</ref>
* [[HeyGen]] is a video creation platform that generates digital avatars that recite and translate text inputs into varying languages.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fried |first=Ina |title=How to create your own personal deepfake |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/09/01/personal-deepfake-ai-video-avatar |work=Axios |date=1 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[HeyGen]] is a video creation platform that generates digital avatars that recite and translate text inputs into varying languages.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fried |first=Ina |title=How to create your own personal deepfake |url=https://www.axios.com/2023/09/01/personal-deepfake-ai-video-avatar |work=Axios |date=1 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[Synthesia (company)|Synthesia]] is a video creation and editing platform, with AI-generated avatars that resemble real human beings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heikkiläarchive |first=Melissa |title=An AI startup made a hyperrealistic deepfake of me that's so good it's scary |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/04/25/1091772/new-generative-ai-avatar-deepfake-synthesia/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Synthesia (company)|Synthesia]] is a video creation and editing platform, with AI-generated avatars that resemble real human beings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heikkiläarchive |first=Melissa |title=An AI startup made a hyperrealistic deepfake of me that's so good it's scary |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/04/25/1091772/new-generative-ai-avatar-deepfake-synthesia/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Veo (text-to-video model)|VEO]] is a text to video model developed by [[Google DeepMind]], VEO 3, the model released in May 2025 can also generate the video's audio
* [[Sora (text-to-video model)|Sora]] is also a text to video model made by [[OpenAI]], the model generated short video clips based on prompts given by the user.  Discontinued on september 30th 2026 due to the project not being profitable.


===Other===
===Other===
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* [[AlphaFold]] is a deep learning based system developed by [[DeepMind]] for [[Protein structure prediction|prediction of protein structure]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=AlphaFold |url=https://deepmind.google/technologies/alphafold/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Google DeepMind |language=en}}</ref>
* [[AlphaFold]] is a deep learning based system developed by [[DeepMind]] for [[Protein structure prediction|prediction of protein structure]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-13 |title=AlphaFold |url=https://deepmind.google/technologies/alphafold/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Google DeepMind |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Otter.ai]] is a speech-to-text synthesis and summary platform, which allows users to record online meetings as text. It additionally creates live captions during meetings.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Markoff |first=John |date=2019-10-02 |title=From Your Mouth to Your Screen, Transcribing Takes the Next Step |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/02/technology/automatic-speech-transcription-ai.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* [[Otter.ai]] is a speech-to-text synthesis and summary platform, which allows users to record online meetings as text. It additionally creates live captions during meetings.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Markoff |first=John |date=2019-10-02 |title=From Your Mouth to Your Screen, Transcribing Takes the Next Step |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/02/technology/automatic-speech-transcription-ai.html |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
* [[Cluely]] is an AI assistant for virtual interviews.
* [[Synthetic Environment for Analysis and Simulations]] (SEAS), a model of the real world used by [[Homeland security]] and the [[United States Department of Defense]] that uses [[simulation]] and AI to predict and evaluate future events and courses of action.<ref name=register>{{cite web |url= https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/06/23/sentient_worlds/ |title= Sentient world: war games on the grandest scale|last1= Baard|first1= Mark |date= 23 June 2007 |website= [[The Register]] }}</ref>
* [[Synthetic Environment for Analysis and Simulations]] (SEAS), a model of the real world used by [[Homeland security]] and the [[United States Department of Defense]] that uses [[simulation]] and AI to predict and evaluate future events and courses of action.<ref name=register>{{cite web |url= https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/06/23/sentient_worlds/ |title= Sentient world: war games on the grandest scale|last1= Baard|first1= Mark |date= 23 June 2007 |website= [[The Register]] }}</ref>
===Code generation===
{{Main|List of AI-assisted software development tools}}
* [[Amazon Q|Amazon Q Developer]] — AI coding assistant by [[Amazon Web Services]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2024 |title=Amazon Q for developers is generally available |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2336880/amazon-q-for-developers-is-generally-available.html |access-date=May 4, 2026 |website=InfoWorld}}</ref>
* [[Claude (language model)#Claude Code|Claude Code]] — AI coding tool by [[Anthropic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2026 |title=The AI code wars are heating up |url=https://www.theverge.com/column/910019/ai-coding-wars-openai-google-anthropic |access-date=May 4, 2026 |website=The Verge}}</ref>
* [[OpenAI Codex (AI agent)|Codex]] — AI coding agent by [[OpenAI]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 28, 2026 |title=OpenAI brings latest AI models, Codex coding agent to Amazon Bedrock |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/openai-brings-latest-ai-models-codex-coding-agent-amazon-bedrock-2026-04-28/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
* [[Cursor (code editor)|Cursor]] — AI-assisted code editor by [[Anysphere]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 3, 2025 |title=AI vibe-coding startups burst onto scene with sky-high valuations |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/ai-vibe-coding-startups-burst-onto-scene-with-sky-high-valuations-2025-06-03/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
* [[Devin AI]] — AI software development agent by [[Cognition AI]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Knight |first=Will |date=March 14, 2024 |title=Forget Chatbots. AI Agents Are the Future |url=https://www.wired.com/story/fast-forward-forget-chatbots-ai-agents-are-the-future/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |magazine=Wired}}</ref>
* [[GitHub Copilot]] — AI coding assistant by [[GitHub]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2023 |title=Microsoft attracting users to its code-writing, generative AI software |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/microsoft-attracting-users-its-code-writing-generative-ai-software-2023-01-25/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
* [[Google Antigravity]] — AI coding environment by [[Google]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Whitwam |first=Ryan |date=November 18, 2025 |title=Google unveils Gemini 3 AI model and AI-first IDE called Antigravity |url=https://arstechnica.com/google/2025/11/google-unveils-gemini-3-ai-model-and-ai-first-ide-called-antigravity/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |website=Ars Technica}}</ref>
* [[Replit|Replit Agent]] — AI app-building agent by [[Replit]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 10, 2025 |title=AI software developer Replit raises $250 million at $3 billion valuation |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/ai-software-developer-replit-raises-250-million-3-billion-valuation-2025-09-10/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
* [[Tabnine]] — AI code completion tool.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 8, 2023 |title=Code-generating AI platform Tabnine nabs $25M investment |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/08/code-generating-ai-platform-tabnine-nabs-25m-investment/ |access-date=May 4, 2026 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref>


==Multipurpose projects==
==Multipurpose projects==
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* [[Neuroph]], a Java neural network framework.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Java Neural Network Framework Neuroph |url=https://neuroph.sourceforge.net/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=neuroph.sourceforge.net}}</ref>
* [[Neuroph]], a Java neural network framework.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Java Neural Network Framework Neuroph |url=https://neuroph.sourceforge.net/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=neuroph.sourceforge.net}}</ref>
* [[OpenCog]], a GPL-licensed framework for artificial intelligence written in C++, Python and Scheme.<ref name=":0" />
* [[OpenCog]], a GPL-licensed framework for artificial intelligence written in C++, Python and Scheme.<ref name=":0" />
* [[PolyAnalyst]]: A commercial tool for data mining, [[text mining]], and [[knowledge management]].<ref>{{Citation |last1=Zhang |first1=Qingyu |title=Commercial Data Mining Software |date=2010 |work=Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook |pages=1245–1268 |editor-last=Maimon |editor-first=Oded |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09823-4_65 |access-date=2024-06-07 |place=Boston, MA |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-09823-4_65 |isbn=978-0-387-09823-4 |last2=Segall |first2=Richard S. |bibcode=2010dmak.book.1245Z |editor2-last=Rokach |editor2-first=Lior}}</ref>
* [[PolyAnalyst]]: A commercial tool for data mining, [[text mining]], and [[knowledge management]].<ref>{{Citation |last1=Zhang |first1=Qingyu |title=Commercial Data Mining Software |date=2010 |work=Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Handbook |pages=1245–1268 |editor-last=Maimon |editor-first=Oded |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09823-4_65 |access-date=2024-06-07 |place=Boston, MA |publisher=Springer US |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-09823-4_65 |isbn=978-0-387-09823-4 |last2=Segall |first2=Richard S. |bibcode=2010dmak.book.1245Z |editor2-last=Rokach |editor2-first=Lior|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* [[RapidMiner]], an environment for machine learning and [[data mining]], now developed commercially.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norris |first=David |date=2013-11-15 |title=RapidMiner – a potential game changer - Bloor Research |url=https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/,%20https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/,%20https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=www.bloorresearch.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[RapidMiner]], an environment for machine learning and [[data mining]], now developed commercially.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norris |first=David |date=2013-11-15 |title=RapidMiner – a potential game changer - Bloor Research |url=https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/,%20https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/,%20https://www.bloorresearch.com/2013/11/rapidminer-a-potential-game-changer/ |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=www.bloorresearch.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* [[Weka (machine learning)|Weka]], a free implementation of many machine learning algorithms in Java.<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Holmes |first1=Geoffrey |last2=Donkin |first2=Andrew |last3=Witten |first3=Ian H. |year=1994 |title=Weka: A machine learning workbench |url=https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/publications/1994/Holmes-ANZIIS-WEKA.pdf |conference=Proceedings of the Second Australia and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems, Brisbane, Australia}}</ref>
* [[Weka (machine learning)|Weka]], a free implementation of many machine learning algorithms in Java.<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Holmes |first1=Geoffrey |last2=Donkin |first2=Andrew |last3=Witten |first3=Ian H. |year=1994 |title=Weka: A machine learning workbench |url=https://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/~ml/publications/1994/Holmes-ANZIIS-WEKA.pdf |conference=Proceedings of the Second Australia and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems, Brisbane, Australia}}</ref>
Line 144: Line 160:
* [[Comparison of cognitive architectures]]
* [[Comparison of cognitive architectures]]
* [[Comparison of deep-learning software]]
* [[Comparison of deep-learning software]]
* [[Comparison of machine learning software]]
* [[List of artificial intelligence journals]]
* [[List of artificial intelligence journals]]
* [[List of artificial intelligence algorithms]]
* [[Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software]]
* [[Lists of open-source artificial intelligence software]]


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==External links==
==External links==
* [https://github.com/search?q=artificial+intelligence&ref=searchresults&type=Repositories AI projects] on [[GitHub]]
* [https://github.com/search?q=artificial+intelligence&ref=searchresults&type=Repositories AI projects] on [[GitHub]]
* [http://sourceforge.net/directory/freshness:recently-updated/?q=artificial%20intelligence AI projects] on [[SourceForge]]
* [https://sourceforge.net/directory/freshness:recently-updated/?q=artificial%20intelligence AI projects] on [[SourceForge]]
<!-- Do not add a link to any individual project here under any circumstances. -->
<!-- Do not add a link to any individual project here under any circumstances. -->


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[[Category:Computing-related lists|Artificial intelligence projects]]
[[Category:Computing-related lists|Artificial intelligence projects]]
[[Category:Applications of artificial intelligence|*]]
[[Category:Applications of artificial intelligence|*]]
[[Category:Projects|Artificial intelligence]]
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