Abd ar-Rahman II: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| name = Abd | | name = Abd al-Rahman al-Awsat <br />عبد الرحمن الأوسط | ||
| title = | | title = | ||
| titletext = | | titletext = | ||
| image = Dirham abd al rahman ii 20192.jpg | | image = Dirham abd al rahman ii 20192.jpg | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| caption = Silver [[dirham]] coined during the reign of Abd | | caption = Silver [[dirham]] coined during the reign of Abd al-Rahman II | ||
| succession = 4th [[Emirate of Córdoba|Emir of Córdoba]] | | succession = 4th [[Emirate of Córdoba|Emir of Córdoba]] | ||
| reign = 21 May 822–852 | | reign = 21 May 822–852 | ||
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| death_place = [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]], Emirate of Córdoba | | death_place = [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]], Emirate of Córdoba | ||
| issue = [[Muhammad I of Córdoba]] | | issue = [[Muhammad I of Córdoba]] | ||
| house = [[Umayyad dynasty|Umayyad]] | | house = [[Umayyad dynasty|Umayyad]] [[Al-Marwani family|(Marwanid)]] | ||
| house-type = Dynasty | | house-type = Dynasty | ||
| father = [[al-Hakam I]] | | father = [[al-Hakam I]] | ||
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| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Abd | '''Abd al-Rahman II''' ({{Langx|ar|عبد الرحمن الأوسط}}; 792–852) was the fourth ''Umayyad'' [[Emir of Córdoba]] in [[al-Andalus]] from 822 until his death in 852.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|title='Abd al-Rahman II|edition=15th|year=2010|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.|volume=I: A-Ak - Bayes|location=Chicago, IL|isbn=978-1-59339-837-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/17 17]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency/page/17}}</ref> A vigorous and effective frontier warrior, he was also well known as a patron of the arts. | ||
Abd | Abd al-Rahman was born in [[Toledo, Spain|Toledo]] in 792. He was the son of Emir [[al-Hakam I]]. In his youth he took part in the so-called "[[massacre of the ditch]]", when 72 nobles and hundreds of their attendants were massacred at a banquet by order of al-Hakam. | ||
He succeeded his father as Emir of [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] in 822 and for 20 years engaged in nearly continuous warfare against [[Alfonso II of Asturias]], whose southward advance he halted. In 825, he had a new city, [[Murcia]], built, and proceeded to settle it with Arab loyalists to ensure stability. In 835, he confronted rebellious citizens of [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]] by having a large internal fortress built. In 837, he suppressed a revolt of [[Christians]] and [[Jew]]s in Toledo with similar measures.<ref>The Inheritance of Rome, Chris Wickham, Penguin Books Ltd. 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-670-02098-0}}. p. 341.</ref> He issued a decree by which the Christians were forbidden to seek martyrdom, and he had a Christian [[synod]] held to forbid martyrdom. | He succeeded his father as Emir of [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]] in 822 and for 20 years engaged in nearly continuous warfare against [[Alfonso II of Asturias]], whose southward advance he halted. In 825, he had a new city, [[Murcia]], built, and proceeded to settle it with Arab loyalists to ensure stability. In 835, he confronted rebellious citizens of [[Mérida, Spain|Mérida]] by having a large internal fortress built. In 837, he suppressed a revolt of [[Christians]] and [[Jew]]s in Toledo with similar measures.<ref>The Inheritance of Rome, Chris Wickham, Penguin Books Ltd. 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-670-02098-0}}. p. 341.</ref> He issued a decree by which the Christians were forbidden to seek martyrdom, and he had a Christian [[synod]] held to forbid martyrdom. | ||
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In 839 or 840, he sent an embassy under [[al-Ghazal]] to [[Constantinople]] to sign a pact with the [[Byzantine Empire]] against the [[Abbasids]].<ref name="Ghazal">{{EI2|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2484|title=al-Ghazāl|page=1038|first=Ambrosio|last=Huici Miranda|volume=2}}</ref> Another embassy was sent which may have either gone to Ireland or Denmark, likely encouraging trade in fur and slaves.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Graham-Campbell |first=James |title=The Viking World |publisher=Frances Lincoln Limited Publishers |year=2013 |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref> | In 839 or 840, he sent an embassy under [[al-Ghazal]] to [[Constantinople]] to sign a pact with the [[Byzantine Empire]] against the [[Abbasids]].<ref name="Ghazal">{{EI2|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_2484|title=al-Ghazāl|page=1038|first=Ambrosio|last=Huici Miranda|volume=2}}</ref> Another embassy was sent which may have either gone to Ireland or Denmark, likely encouraging trade in fur and slaves.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Graham-Campbell |first=James |title=The Viking World |publisher=Frances Lincoln Limited Publishers |year=2013 |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
In 844, Abd | In 844, Abd al-Rahman repulsed [[Viking raid on Seville|an assault]] by [[Vikings]] who had disembarked in [[Cádiz]], conquered [[Seville]] (with the exception of its citadel) and attacked Córdoba itself. Thereafter he constructed a fleet and naval arsenal at Seville to repel future raids. | ||
He responded to [[William of Septimania]]'s requests of assistance in his struggle against [[Charles the Bald]] who had claimed lands William considered to be his.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=El-Hajji |first=Abderrahman |title="Andalusian Diplomatic Relations with the Franks during the Umayyad period" |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=6 |pages=27–28}}</ref> | He responded to [[William of Septimania]]'s requests of assistance in his struggle against [[Charles the Bald]] who had claimed lands William considered to be his.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=El-Hajji |first=Abderrahman |title="Andalusian Diplomatic Relations with the Franks during the Umayyad period" |journal=Islamic Studies |volume=6 |pages=27–28}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Abderramán II.jpg|thumb|Statue of Abd | [[File:Abderramán II.jpg|thumb|Statue of Abd al-Rahman II in [[Murcia]], Spain]]Abd al-Rahman was famous for his public building program in Córdoba. He made additions to the [[Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba]].<ref name="EB" /> A vigorous and effective frontier warrior, he was also well known as a patron of the arts.<ref>{{cite book |author=Thorne, John |title=Chambers biographical dictionary |publisher=Chambers |location=Edinburgh |year=1984 |isbn=0-550-18022-2 }}</ref> He was also involved in the execution of the "[[Martyrs of Córdoba]]",<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Abd-al-Rahman|display=Abd-al-Rahman s.v. Abd-al-Rahman II|volume=1|page=31}}</ref> and was a patron of the great composer [[Ziryab]]. He died in 852 in Córdoba. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 17:50, 27 May 2026
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Template:Infobox royalty Abd al-Rahman II (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; 792–852) was the fourth Umayyad Emir of Córdoba in al-Andalus from 822 until his death in 852.[1] A vigorous and effective frontier warrior, he was also well known as a patron of the arts.
Abd al-Rahman was born in Toledo in 792. He was the son of Emir al-Hakam I. In his youth he took part in the so-called "massacre of the ditch", when 72 nobles and hundreds of their attendants were massacred at a banquet by order of al-Hakam.
He succeeded his father as Emir of Córdoba in 822 and for 20 years engaged in nearly continuous warfare against Alfonso II of Asturias, whose southward advance he halted. In 825, he had a new city, Murcia, built, and proceeded to settle it with Arab loyalists to ensure stability. In 835, he confronted rebellious citizens of Mérida by having a large internal fortress built. In 837, he suppressed a revolt of Christians and Jews in Toledo with similar measures.[2] He issued a decree by which the Christians were forbidden to seek martyrdom, and he had a Christian synod held to forbid martyrdom.
In 839 or 840, he sent an embassy under al-Ghazal to Constantinople to sign a pact with the Byzantine Empire against the Abbasids.[3] Another embassy was sent which may have either gone to Ireland or Denmark, likely encouraging trade in fur and slaves.[4]
In 844, Abd al-Rahman repulsed an assault by Vikings who had disembarked in Cádiz, conquered Seville (with the exception of its citadel) and attacked Córdoba itself. Thereafter he constructed a fleet and naval arsenal at Seville to repel future raids.
He responded to William of Septimania's requests of assistance in his struggle against Charles the Bald who had claimed lands William considered to be his.[5]
Abd al-Rahman was famous for his public building program in Córdoba. He made additions to the Mosque–Cathedral of Córdoba.[1] A vigorous and effective frontier warrior, he was also well known as a patron of the arts.[6] He was also involved in the execution of the "Martyrs of Córdoba",[7] and was a patron of the great composer Ziryab. He died in 852 in Córdoba.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "'Abd al-Rahman II". Encyclopædia Britannica. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. pp. 17. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
- ↑ The Inheritance of Rome, Chris Wickham, Penguin Books Ltd. 2009, ISBN 978-0-670-02098-0. p. 341.
- ↑ Template:EI2
- ↑ Graham-Campbell, James (2013). The Viking World. Frances Lincoln Limited Publishers. p. 31.
- ↑ El-Hajji, Abderrahman. ""Andalusian Diplomatic Relations with the Franks during the Umayyad period"". Islamic Studies. 6: 27–28.
- ↑ Thorne, John (1984). Chambers biographical dictionary. Edinburgh: Chambers. ISBN 0-550-18022-2.
- ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 31.
Categories:
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference
- Articles needing additional references from October 2014
- Emirs of Córdoba
- 792 births
- 852 deaths
- People from Toledo, Spain
- 9th-century monarchs in Europe
- 8th-century Arab people
- 9th-century Arab people