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'''Amnon''' ({{langx|he|אַמְנוֹן}} | '''Amnon''' ({{langx|he|אַמְנוֹן|’Amnōn}}, "faithful") was, in the [[Hebrew Bible]], the oldest son of [[David (biblical king)|King David]] and his second wife, [[Ahinoam]] of [[Jezreel (city)|Jezreel]].<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Samuel|3:2|AKJV}}, {{bibleverse|1 Samuel|25:43|AKJV}}. {{bibleverse|1 Samuel|27:3|AKJV}}</ref> He was born in [[Hebron]] during his father's reign in [[Kingdom of Judah|Judah]].<ref name=":0">{{bibleverse|2 Samuel|3:2|AKJV}}</ref> He was the [[heir apparent]] to the throne of [[Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Israel]] until he was assassinated by his paternal half-brother [[Absalom]] to avenge the rape of Absalom's sister [[Tamar (daughter of David)|Tamar]].<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Samuel|3:2|AKJV}}, {{bibleverse|2 Samuel|13:32|AKJV}}</ref> | ||
==Biblical account== | ==Biblical account== | ||
===Amnon's background=== | ===Amnon's background=== | ||
Amnon was born in [[Hebron]] to [[Ahinoam]] and [[David (biblical king)|King David]].<ref | Amnon was born in [[Hebron]] to [[Ahinoam]] and [[David (biblical king)|King David]].<ref name=":0" /> As the presumptive heir to the throne of [[Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Israel]], Amnon enjoyed a life of power and privilege.<ref>'Babylonian Talmud: Tractate Sanhedrin', page 21, verses 31–32</ref> | ||
===Rape of Tamar=== | ===Rape of Tamar=== | ||
Although he was the heir-apparent to David's throne, Amnon is best remembered for the [[rape]] of his paternal half-sister [[Tamar (daughter of David)|Tamar]], daughter of David and [[Talmai#Talmai, father of Maacah|Maachah]]. Despite the biblical [[Mitzvah|prohibition]] on sexual relations between half siblings,<ref>{{bibleverse|Leviticus|18:11|AKJV}}</ref> Amnon had an overwhelming desire for her. He acted on advice from his cousin, [[Jonadab]] son of Shimeah, David's brother, to lure Tamar into his quarters by pretending to be sick and desiring her to cook a special meal for him. While in his quarters, and over her protests, he [[rape]]d her, then had her expelled from his house. While King David was angry about the incident, he could not bring himself to punish his eldest son,<ref>According to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Greek version of 2 Samuel 13:21, "... he did not punish his son Amnon, because he loved him, for he was his firstborn." {{cite web |title=2 Samuel 13 NLT |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+13&version=NLT#fen-NLT-8315d |website=Bible Gateway}}</ref> while [[Absalom]], Amnon's half-brother and Tamar's full brother, | Although he was the heir-apparent to David's throne, Amnon is best remembered for the [[rape]] of his paternal half-sister [[Tamar (daughter of David)|Tamar]], daughter of David and [[Talmai#Talmai, father of Maacah|Maachah]]. Despite the biblical [[Mitzvah|prohibition]] on sexual relations between half siblings,<ref>{{bibleverse|Leviticus|18:11|AKJV}}</ref> Amnon had an overwhelming desire for her. He acted on advice from his cousin, [[Jonadab]] son of Shimeah, David's brother, to lure Tamar into his quarters by pretending to be sick and desiring her to cook a special meal for him. While in his quarters, and over her protests, he [[rape]]d her, then had her expelled from his house. While King David was angry about the incident, he could not bring himself to punish his eldest son,<ref>According to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Greek version of 2 Samuel 13:21, "... he did not punish his son Amnon, because he loved him, for he was his firstborn." {{cite web |title=2 Samuel 13 NLT |url=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+13&version=NLT#fen-NLT-8315d |website=Bible Gateway}}</ref> while [[Absalom]], Amnon's half-brother and Tamar's full brother, held onto a bitter grudge against Amnon for the rape of his sister. | ||
According to the Babylonian Talmud: "And Thou should not associate with a sinner:.... And so we find with Amnon, who associated with Jonadab, the son of Shim'ah, David's brother; and Jonadab was a very sensible man—sensible in wickedness, as it is written [Jer. Iv .22]: Wise are they to do evil." According to others, it is meant that one shall not associate with the wicked, even to study the Torah."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HeifAAAAMAAJ&dq=Nathan+of+Babylon++on+Jonadab&pg=PA41 |title=Babylon Talmud "Tract Aboth"..p.41 |last1=Rodkinson |first1=Michael Levi |year=1900}}</ref> | According to the Babylonian Talmud: "And Thou should not associate with a sinner:.... And so we find with Amnon, who associated with Jonadab, the son of Shim'ah, David's brother; and Jonadab was a very sensible man—sensible in wickedness, as it is written [Jer. Iv .22]: Wise are they to do evil." According to others, it is meant that one shall not associate with the wicked, even to study the Torah."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HeifAAAAMAAJ&dq=Nathan+of+Babylon++on+Jonadab&pg=PA41 |title=Babylon Talmud "Tract Aboth"..p.41 |last1=Rodkinson |first1=Michael Levi |year=1900}}</ref> | ||
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According to [[Abba Arikha|Rav]], Tamar was not, by Biblical law, David's daughter, nor Amnon's sister. Tamar, was the earlier born daughter of David's wife, and thus not biologically related to David, nor Amnon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.21a.19?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en|title=Sanhedrin 21a:19}}</ref> According to [[Michael D. Coogan]]'s claims, however, it would have been perfectly all right for Amnon to have married his sister (he claims that the Bible was incoherent about prohibiting incest).<ref>{{cite book|last=Coogan|first=Michael|title=God and Sex. What the Bible Really Says|url=https://archive.org/details/godsexwhatbi00coog|url-access=registration|quote=god and sex.|accessdate=5 May 2011|edition=1st|year=2010|publisher=Twelve. Hachette Book Group|location=New York, Boston|isbn=978-0-446-54525-9|oclc=505927356|pages=[https://archive.org/details/godsexwhatbi00coog/page/112 112]-113}}</ref> According to the Torah, per [[Leviticus 18]], "the children of Israel"—Israelite men and women alike—are forbidden from sexual relations between people who are "near of kin" (cf. verse 6). Siblings and half siblings (cf. verses 9 and 11). Relationships between these are particularly singled out for a curse in [[Deuteronomy 27]], and they are of the only two kinds incestuous relationships that are among the particularly-singled-out relationships—with the other particularly-singled-out relationships, being ones of non-incestuous family betrayal (cf. verse 20) and bestiality (cf. verse 21). Incestuous relationships are considered so severe among [[Chillul Hashem|c''hillul hashem'']], acts which bring shame to the name of God, as to be, along with the other forbidden relationships that are mentioned in Leviticus 18, punishable by death as specified in [[Leviticus 20]]. Those who committed incest were subject to two curses—one for committing incest and the second for breaking the Torah law. [27 Deuteronomy 22 and 26] and also the punishment of [[kareth]]. | According to [[Abba Arikha|Rav]], Tamar was not, by Biblical law, David's daughter, nor Amnon's sister. Tamar, was the earlier born daughter of David's wife, and thus not biologically related to David, nor Amnon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sefaria.org/Sanhedrin.21a.19?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en|title=Sanhedrin 21a:19}}</ref> According to [[Michael D. Coogan]]'s claims, however, it would have been perfectly all right for Amnon to have married his sister (he claims that the Bible was incoherent about prohibiting incest).<ref>{{cite book|last=Coogan|first=Michael|title=God and Sex. What the Bible Really Says|url=https://archive.org/details/godsexwhatbi00coog|url-access=registration|quote=god and sex.|accessdate=5 May 2011|edition=1st|year=2010|publisher=Twelve. Hachette Book Group|location=New York, Boston|isbn=978-0-446-54525-9|oclc=505927356|pages=[https://archive.org/details/godsexwhatbi00coog/page/112 112]-113}}</ref> According to the Torah, per [[Leviticus 18]], "the children of Israel"—Israelite men and women alike—are forbidden from sexual relations between people who are "near of kin" (cf. verse 6). Siblings and half siblings (cf. verses 9 and 11). Relationships between these are particularly singled out for a curse in [[Deuteronomy 27]], and they are of the only two kinds incestuous relationships that are among the particularly-singled-out relationships—with the other particularly-singled-out relationships, being ones of non-incestuous family betrayal (cf. verse 20) and bestiality (cf. verse 21). Incestuous relationships are considered so severe among [[Chillul Hashem|c''hillul hashem'']], acts which bring shame to the name of God, as to be, along with the other forbidden relationships that are mentioned in Leviticus 18, punishable by death as specified in [[Leviticus 20]]. Those who committed incest were subject to two curses—one for committing incest and the second for breaking the Torah law. [27 Deuteronomy 22 and 26] and also the punishment of [[kareth]]. | ||
[[File:Convito di Ansalonne.jpg|thumb|220px|''The Banquet of Absalom'', attributed to [[Niccolò De Simone]] | [[File:Convito di Ansalonne.jpg|thumb|220px|''The Banquet of Absalom'', attributed to [[Niccolò De Simone]]]] | ||
Two years later, to avenge Tamar, Absalom invited all of David's sons to a feast at sheep-shearing time, then had his servants kill Amnon after he had become drunk with wine.<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Samuel|13|AKJV}}</ref> As a result, Absalom fled to [[Geshur]]. | Two years later, to avenge Tamar, Absalom invited all of David's sons to a feast at sheep-shearing time, then had his servants kill Amnon after he had become drunk with wine.<ref>{{bibleverse|2 Samuel|13|AKJV}}</ref> As a result, Absalom fled to [[Geshur]]. | ||
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* The Spanish poet [[Federico García Lorca]] wrote a poem about Amnon's rape of his sister Tamar, included in Lorca's 1928 poetry collection ''[[Romancero Gitano]]'' (translated as ''Gypsy Ballads''). Lorca's version is considerably different from the Biblical original – Amnon is depicted as being overcome by a sudden uncontrollable passion, with none of the cynical planning and premeditation of the original story. He assaults and rapes Tamar and then flees into the night on his horse, with archers shooting at him from the walls – whereupon King David cuts the strings of his harp. | * The Spanish poet [[Federico García Lorca]] wrote a poem about Amnon's rape of his sister Tamar, included in Lorca's 1928 poetry collection ''[[Romancero Gitano]]'' (translated as ''Gypsy Ballads''). Lorca's version is considerably different from the Biblical original – Amnon is depicted as being overcome by a sudden uncontrollable passion, with none of the cynical planning and premeditation of the original story. He assaults and rapes Tamar and then flees into the night on his horse, with archers shooting at him from the walls – whereupon King David cuts the strings of his harp. | ||
*''The Rape of Tamar'', novel by [[Dan Jacobson]] ({{ISBN|1-84232-139-0}}) | *''The Rape of Tamar'', novel by [[Dan Jacobson]] ({{ISBN|1-84232-139-0}}) | ||
*The Death of Amnon poem by Elizabeth Hands | *"The Death of Amnon", poem by Elizabeth Hands | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
{{Wikiquote}} | |||
{{Commons category|Amnon}} | {{Commons category|Amnon}} | ||
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[[Category:Heirs apparent who never acceded]] | [[Category:Heirs apparent who never acceded]] | ||
[[Category:Sons of kings]] | [[Category:Sons of kings]] | ||