Politics of Chad: Difference between revisions
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{{Politics of Chad}} | {{Politics of Chad}} | ||
The '''politics of Chad''' take place in a framework of a [[semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]], whereby the [[President of Chad]] is the [[head of state]] and the [[prime minister]] is the [[head of government]]. [[Executive power]] is exercised by the government. [[Legislative power]] is vested in both the [[Forms of government|government]] and parliament. [[Chad]] is one of the [[Corruption Perceptions Index|most corrupt countries]] in the world. | The '''politics of Chad''' take place in a framework of a [[semi-presidential system|semi-presidential]] [[republic]], whereby the [[President of Chad]] is the [[head of state]] and the [[prime minister]] is the [[head of government]]. [[Executive power]] is exercised by the government. [[Legislative power]] is vested in both the [[Forms of government|government]] and parliament. [[Chad]] is one of the [[Corruption Perceptions Index|most corrupt countries]] in the world. | ||
The first multi-party presidential elections and parliamentary elections in Chad were held in [[1996 Chadian presidential election|1996]] and [[1997 Chadian parliamentary election|1997]], respectively.<ref>{{Citation |title=The Fate of Africa's Democratic Experiments 1989–2014|date=2015|work=Democracy in Africa: Successes, Failures, and the Struggle for Political Reform|pages=234–238|editor-last=Cheeseman|editor-first=Nic|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/democracy-in-africa/fate-of-africas-democratic-experiments-19892014/DA50F32498C1D14DF4AAA43175265455|publisher=Cambridge University Press|doi=10.1017/CBO9781139030892.009|isbn=978-0-521-13842-0|url-access=subscription}}</ref> | |||
In May 2013, security forces in Chad foiled a coup against the President [[Idriss Deby]] that had been in preparation for several months.<ref>{{Citation | In May 2013, security forces in Chad foiled a coup against the President [[Idriss Deby]] that had been in preparation for several months.<ref>{{Citation | ||
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| publisher = [[Reuters]] | | publisher = [[Reuters]] | ||
| publication-place = International | | publication-place = International | ||
}}</ref> In April 2021, President Déby was injured by the rebel group Front Pour l'Alternance et La Concorde au Tchad (FACT). He succumbed to his injuries on April 20, 2021. His presidency was taken by his family member Mahamat Déby in April 2021. This resulted in both the National Assembly and Chadian Government being dissolved and replaced with a [[Transitional Military Council (Chad)|Transitional Military Council]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Chad President Idriss Deby dies on front lines, according to an army statement|url=https://www.dw.com/en/chad-president-idriss-deby-dies-on-front-lines-according-to-an-army-statement/a-57262804|access-date=20 April 2021|work=Deutsche Welle|date=20 April 2021 | }}</ref> In April 2021, President Déby was injured by the rebel group Front Pour l'Alternance et La Concorde au Tchad (FACT). He succumbed to his injuries on April 20, 2021. His presidency was taken by his family member Mahamat Déby in April 2021. This resulted in both the National Assembly and Chadian Government being dissolved and replaced with a [[Transitional Military Council (Chad)|Transitional Military Council]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Chad President Idriss Deby dies on front lines, according to an army statement|url=https://www.dw.com/en/chad-president-idriss-deby-dies-on-front-lines-according-to-an-army-statement/a-57262804|access-date=20 April 2021|work=Deutsche Welle|date=20 April 2021}}</ref><ref name=newgovernment>{{cite news|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20210420111727-lvy4q/|title=Chad President Idriss Deby killed on frontline, son to take over|agency=Reuters|publisher=Thomas Reuters News|date=April 20, 2021|accessdate=April 20, 2021}}</ref> | ||
The [[National Transitional Council (Chad)|National Transitional Council]] will oversee the transition to democracy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The uphill battle facing Chad's new Transition Council – DW – 10/08/2021 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-uphill-battle-facing-chads-new-transition-council/a-59449238 |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> On 23 May 2024, Mahamat Idriss Déby was sworn in as [[President of Chad]]. He had won the disputed 6 May [[2024 Chadian presidential election|election]] outright, with 61 per cent of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chad transitional ruler inaugurated amid legitimacy concerns |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/chad-swears-in-president-ending-years-of-military-rule/7624040.html |work=Voice of America |date=23 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref> | The [[National Transitional Council (Chad)|National Transitional Council]] will oversee the transition to democracy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The uphill battle facing Chad's new Transition Council – DW – 10/08/2021 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-uphill-battle-facing-chads-new-transition-council/a-59449238 |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> On 23 May 2024, Mahamat Idriss Déby was sworn in as [[President of Chad]]. He had won the disputed 6 May [[2024 Chadian presidential election|election]] outright, with 61 per cent of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chad transitional ruler inaugurated amid legitimacy concerns |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/chad-swears-in-president-ending-years-of-military-rule/7624040.html |work=Voice of America |date=23 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
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[[File:Idriss Deby with Obamas (cropped)2014.png|thumb|left|Former President Idriss Deby in 2014]] | [[File:Idriss Deby with Obamas (cropped)2014.png|thumb|left|Former President Idriss Deby in 2014]] | ||
{{update|date=April 2026}} | |||
Chad's executive branch is headed by the President and dominates the [[Chad]]ian political system. Following the military overthrow of [[Hissène Habré]] in December 1990, Idriss Déby won the presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. The constitutional basis for the government is the 1996 constitution, under which the president was limited to two terms of office until Déby had that provision repealed in 2005. The president has the power to appoint the Council of State (or cabinet), and exercises considerable influence over appointments of judges, generals, provincial officials and heads of Chad's parastatal firms. In cases of grave and immediate threat, the president, in consultation with the National Assembly President and Council of State, may declare a state of emergency. Most of the key advisors for former president Déby were members of the [[Zaghawa people|Zaghawa]] clan, although some southern and opposition personalities were represented in his government. | Chad's executive branch is headed by the President and dominates the [[Chad]]ian political system. Following the military overthrow of [[Hissène Habré]] in December 1990, Idriss Déby won the presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. The constitutional basis for the government is the 1996 constitution, under which the president was limited to two terms of office until Déby had that provision repealed in 2005. The president has the power to appoint the Council of State (or cabinet), and exercises considerable influence over appointments of judges, generals, provincial officials and heads of Chad's parastatal firms. In cases of grave and immediate threat, the president, in consultation with the National Assembly President and Council of State, may declare a state of emergency. Most of the key advisors for former president Déby were members of the [[Zaghawa people|Zaghawa]] clan, although some southern and opposition personalities were represented in his government. | ||
==Legislative branch== | ==Legislative branch== | ||
{{update|date=April 2026}} | |||
According to the 1996 constitution, the [[National Assembly of Chad|National Assembly]] deputies are elected by universal suffrage for 4-year terms. The Assembly holds regular sessions twice a year, starting in March and October, and can hold special sessions as necessary and called by the prime minister. Deputies elect a president of the National Assembly every 2 years. Assembly deputies or members of the executive branch may introduce legislation; once passed by the Assembly, the president must take action to either sign or reject the law within 15 days. The National Assembly must approve the prime minister's plan of government and may force the prime minister to resign through a majority vote of no-confidence. However, if the National Assembly rejects the executive branch's program twice in one year, the president may disband the Assembly and call for new legislative elections. In practice, the president exercises considerable influence over the National Assembly through the MPS party structure. | According to the 1996 constitution, the [[National Assembly of Chad|National Assembly]] deputies are elected by universal suffrage for 4-year terms. The Assembly holds regular sessions twice a year, starting in March and October, and can hold special sessions as necessary and called by the prime minister. Deputies elect a president of the National Assembly every 2 years. Assembly deputies or members of the executive branch may introduce legislation; once passed by the Assembly, the president must take action to either sign or reject the law within 15 days. The National Assembly must approve the prime minister's plan of government and may force the prime minister to resign through a majority vote of no-confidence. However, if the National Assembly rejects the executive branch's program twice in one year, the president may disband the Assembly and call for new legislative elections. In practice, the president exercises considerable influence over the National Assembly through the MPS party structure. | ||
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===Presidential elections=== | ===Presidential elections=== | ||
{{update|date=April 2026}} | |||
{{main|2016 Chadian presidential election}} | {{main|2016 Chadian presidential election}} | ||
{{#section-h:2016 Chadian presidential election|Results}} | {{#section-h:2016 Chadian presidential election|Results}} | ||
===Parliamentary elections=== | ===Parliamentary elections=== | ||
{{update|date=April 2026}} | |||
{{main|2011 Chadian parliamentary election}} | {{main|2011 Chadian parliamentary election}} | ||
{{#section-h:2011 Chadian parliamentary election|Results}} | {{#section-h:2011 Chadian parliamentary election|Results}} | ||
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{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External | ==External links== | ||
* [https://presidence.td/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Constitution.pdf Constitution 2023] | * [https://presidence.td/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Constitution.pdf Constitution 2023] | ||
{{Chad topics}} | {{Chad topics}} | ||