Consubstantiation: Difference between revisions

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'''Consubstantiation''' is a [[Christian theology|Christian theological doctrine]] that (like [[transubstantiation]]) describes the [[real presence of Christ in the Eucharist]]. It holds that during the [[sacrament]], the [[Substance theory|substance]] of the body and blood of [[Christ]] are present alongside the substance of the bread and wine, which remain present.

It was part of the doctrines of [[Lollardy]],<ref name="Walker2013"/> and considered a [[heresy]] by the [[~~Roman~~ Catholic Church]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04322a.htm |website=NewAdvent.org |title=Consubstantiation}}</ref> It was later championed by [[Edward Pusey]] of the [[Oxford Movement]], and is therefore held by many [[high church]] Anglicans,<ref name="Murphy2007"/><ref name="Vogan1871"/> seemingly contrary to the [[Black Rubric]] of the [[Book of Common Prayer]]. The [[Catholic Apostolic Church|Irvingian Churches]] (such as the [[New Apostolic Church]]) adhere to consubstantiation as the explanation of the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.<ref name="NAC2020">{{cite web |title=The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church: 8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion |url=https://nak.org/en/abouttheNAC/catechism?_ld=1&chapter=8.2.12 |publisher=[[New Apostolic Church]] |language=English |date=18 December 2020|quote=Rather, the substance of Christ's body and blood is joined to them (consubstantiation).}}</ref>

It was part of the doctrines of [[Lollardy]],<ref name="Walker2013"/> and considered a [[heresy]] by the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04322a.htm |website=NewAdvent.org |title=Consubstantiation}}</ref> It was later championed by [[Edward Pusey]] of the [[Oxford Movement]], and is therefore held by many [[high church]] Anglicans,<ref name="Murphy2007"/><ref name="Vogan1871"/> seemingly contrary to the [[Black Rubric]] of the [[Book of Common Prayer]]. The [[Catholic Apostolic Church|Irvingian Churches]] (such as the [[New Apostolic Church]]) adhere to consubstantiation as the explanation of the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.<ref name="NAC2020">{{cite web |title=The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church: 8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion |url=https://nak.org/en/abouttheNAC/catechism?_ld=1&chapter=8.2.12 |publisher=[[New Apostolic Church]] |language=English |date=18 December 2020|quote=Rather, the substance of Christ's body and blood is joined to them (consubstantiation).}}</ref> [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]s affirm the physical presence of Christ's body and blood alongside the bread and wine, but typically reject the label of "consubstantiation" as an oversimplification.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jensen |first=Gordon |date=2018 |title=Re-examining Lutheran Theology |url=https://doi.org/10.51644/vufk4403 |journal=Consensus |volume=39 |issue=2 |doi=10.51644/vufk4403 |issn=2369-2685}}</ref>

Contrary to this, many modern [[Protestantism|Protestants]], particularly within [[Baptists|Baptist]], [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]], [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]], [[Continental Reformed Protestantism|Continental Reformed]], and [[Non-denominational Christianity|non-denominational]] traditions, view the [[Eucharist|Lord's Supper]] as a memorial or an "ordinance" rather than a sacrament that conveys the physical presence of Christ.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kruger |first=Ferdi P. |date=2018-05-28 |title=Participation in Christ’s body and his blood during celebration of Holy Communion as illuminated by the meaningful lenses of cognition and recognition |url=https://hts.org.za/index.php/hts/article/view/4767 |journal=HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies |language=en |volume=74 |issue=2 |pages=11 |doi=10.4102/hts.v74i2.4767 |issn=2072-8050|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Development==

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 {{Eucharist|expanded=Theology}}
 '''Consubstantiation''' is a [[Christian theology|Christian theological doctrine]] that (like [[transubstantiation]]) describes the [[real presence of Christ in the Eucharist]]. It holds that during the [[sacrament]], the [[Substance theory|substance]] of the body and blood of [[Christ]] are present alongside the substance of the bread and wine, which remain present.
-It was part of the doctrines of [[Lollardy]],<ref name="Walker2013"/> and considered a [[heresy]] by the [[Roman Catholic Church]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04322a.htm |website=NewAdvent.org |title=Consubstantiation}}</ref> It was later championed by [[Edward Pusey]] of the [[Oxford Movement]], and is therefore held by many [[high church]] Anglicans,<ref name="Murphy2007"/><ref name="Vogan1871"/> seemingly contrary to the [[Black Rubric]] of the [[Book of Common Prayer]]. The [[Catholic Apostolic Church|Irvingian Churches]] (such as the [[New Apostolic Church]]) adhere to consubstantiation as the explanation of the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.<ref name="NAC2020">{{cite web |title=The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church: 8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion |url=https://nak.org/en/abouttheNAC/catechism?_ld=1&chapter=8.2.12 |publisher=[[New Apostolic Church]] |language=English |date=18 December 2020|quote=Rather, the substance of Christ's body and blood is joined to them (consubstantiation).}}</ref>
+It was part of the doctrines of [[Lollardy]],<ref name="Walker2013"/> and considered a [[heresy]] by the [[Catholic Church]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04322a.htm |website=NewAdvent.org |title=Consubstantiation}}</ref> It was later championed by [[Edward Pusey]] of the [[Oxford Movement]], and is therefore held by many [[high church]] Anglicans,<ref name="Murphy2007"/><ref name="Vogan1871"/> seemingly contrary to the [[Black Rubric]] of the [[Book of Common Prayer]]. The [[Catholic Apostolic Church|Irvingian Churches]] (such as the [[New Apostolic Church]]) adhere to consubstantiation as the explanation of the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist.<ref name="NAC2020">{{cite web |title=The Catechism of the New Apostolic Church: 8.2.12 The real presence of the body and blood of Christ in Holy Communion |url=https://nak.org/en/abouttheNAC/catechism?_ld=1&chapter=8.2.12 |publisher=[[New Apostolic Church]] |language=English |date=18 December 2020|quote=Rather, the substance of Christ's body and blood is joined to them (consubstantiation).}}</ref> [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]s affirm the physical presence of Christ's body and blood alongside the bread and wine, but typically reject the label of "consubstantiation" as an oversimplification.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jensen |first=Gordon |date=2018 |title=Re-examining Lutheran Theology |url=https://doi.org/10.51644/vufk4403 |journal=Consensus |volume=39 |issue=2 |doi=10.51644/vufk4403 |issn=2369-2685}}</ref>
+Contrary to this, many modern [[Protestantism|Protestants]], particularly within [[Baptists|Baptist]], [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]], [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]], [[Continental Reformed Protestantism|Continental Reformed]], and [[Non-denominational Christianity|non-denominational]] traditions, view the [[Eucharist|Lord's Supper]] as a memorial or an "ordinance" rather than a sacrament that conveys the physical presence of Christ.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kruger |first=Ferdi P. |date=2018-05-28 |title=Participation in Christ’s body and his blood during celebration of Holy Communion as illuminated by the meaningful lenses of cognition and recognition |url=https://hts.org.za/index.php/hts/article/view/4767 |journal=HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies |language=en |volume=74 |issue=2 |pages=11 |doi=10.4102/hts.v74i2.4767 |issn=2072-8050|doi-access=free }}</ref>
 ==Development==

Consubstantiation: Difference between revisions

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