Chastity: Difference between revisions
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imported>Medusahead Undid revision 1343731629 by Jennyharris03 (talk) AGF, you might have overseen that the statement is on Jainism, so the source should also relate on that |
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{{Short description|Ethic concept of temperance related to sexuality}} | {{Short description|Ethic concept of temperance related to sexuality}} | ||
{{other uses}} | {{other uses}} | ||
[[File: | [[File:Tiziano - Amor Sacro y Amor Profano (Galería Borghese, Roma, 1514).jpg|thumb|''[[Sacred and Profane Love]]'' (1514-15) by [[Titian]]]] | ||
'''Chastity''', also known as '''purity''', is a [[virtue]] related to [[Temperance (virtue)|temperance]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The American and English Encyclopædia of Law |date=1887 |publisher=Edward Thompson Company |page=156 |language=English}}{{volume needed|issue=false|date=July 2023}}</ref> Someone who is ''chaste'' refrains from [[sexual activity]] that is considered [[immoral]] or from any sexual activity,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/Chastity |title=chastity |publisher=Dictionary.com |access-date=2012-10-01}}</ref> according to their state of life. In some contexts, for example when making a [[Evangelical counsels|vow of chastity]], chastity means [[celibacy]]. | '''Chastity''', also known as '''purity''', is a [[virtue]] related to [[Temperance (virtue)|temperance]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The American and English Encyclopædia of Law |date=1887 |publisher=Edward Thompson Company |page=156 |language=English}}{{volume needed|issue=false|date=July 2023}}</ref> Someone who is ''chaste'' refrains from [[sexual activity]] that is considered [[immoral]] or from any sexual activity,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/Chastity |title=chastity |publisher=Dictionary.com |access-date=2012-10-01}}</ref> according to their state of life. In some contexts, for example when making a [[Evangelical counsels|vow of chastity]], chastity means [[celibacy]]. | ||
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== In Abrahamic religions == | == In Abrahamic religions == | ||
For many [[Jews]], [[Christians]], | For many [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jews]], [[Christians]], [[Muslims]], and [[Bahá’í]] people should restrict their acts of a sexual nature to the context of [[marriage]]. For unmarried people, chastity is equivalent to [[sexual abstinence]]. Sexual acts outside of or apart from marriage, such as [[adultery]], [[fornication]], [[masturbation]], and [[prostitution]], are considered immoral due to [[lust]]. | ||
{{incomplete|chastity in Judaism|date=November 2020}} | {{incomplete|chastity in Judaism|date=November 2020}} | ||
===Christianity=== | ===Christianity=== | ||
[[File:José de Jesús María (1601) Primera parte de las excelencias de la virtud de la Castidad.png|thumb|"Of the excellences of the virtue of Chastity" (José de Jesús María, 1601) | [[File:José de Jesús María (1601) Primera parte de las excelencias de la virtud de la Castidad.png|thumb|"Of the excellences of the virtue of Chastity" (José de Jesús María, 1601)]] | ||
{{Redirect|Vow of chastity|vow of chastity as part of public vows|Religious vows}} | {{Redirect|Vow of chastity|vow of chastity as part of public vows|Religious vows}} | ||
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The [[theology of the body]] of the [[Lutheran Church]]es emphasizes the role of the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]], who sanctified the bodies of Christians to be God's temple.<ref name="Reinke2018">{{cite web |last1=Reinke |first1=Langdon |title=Cremation and a theology of the body |url=https://www.beautifulsaviorspokane.org/2018/09/18/cremation-and-a-theology-of-the-body/ |publisher=Beautiful Savior Lutheran Church |access-date=23 February 2021 |language=English |date=18 September 2018}}</ref> | The [[theology of the body]] of the [[Lutheran Church]]es emphasizes the role of the [[Holy Spirit in Christianity|Holy Spirit]], who sanctified the bodies of Christians to be God's temple.<ref name="Reinke2018">{{cite web |last1=Reinke |first1=Langdon |title=Cremation and a theology of the body |url=https://www.beautifulsaviorspokane.org/2018/09/18/cremation-and-a-theology-of-the-body/ |publisher=Beautiful Savior Lutheran Church |access-date=23 February 2021 |language=English |date=18 September 2018}}</ref> | ||
Many [[Christian monasticism#Lutheran Church|Lutheran monks]] and [[Nun#Lutheranism|Lutheran nuns]] practice celibacy, though in some Lutheran [[religious order]]s it is not compulsory. | Many [[Christian monasticism#Lutheran Church|Lutheran monks]] (e.g. [[Östanbäck Monastery]]) and [[Nun#Lutheranism|Lutheran nuns]] (e.g. [[Daughters of Mary (Lutheran)|Daughters of Mary]]) practice celibacy, though in some Lutheran [[religious order]]s it is not compulsory.<ref name="DuBois2018">{{cite book |last1=DuBois |first1=Thomas A. |title=Sacred to the Touch: Nordic and Baltic Religious Wood Carving |date=1 January 2018 |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-74242-7 |page=24 |language=en}}</ref> | ||
=====The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints===== | =====The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints===== | ||
In [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] chastity is very important: | In [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church) chastity is very important: | ||
<blockquote>Physical intimacy between husband and wife is a beautiful and sacred part of God's plan for His children. It is an expression of love within marriage and allows husband and wife to participate in the creation of life. God has commanded that this sacred power be expressed only between a man and a woman who are legally married. The law of chastity applies to both men and women. It includes strict abstinence from sexual relations before marriage and complete fidelity and loyalty to one's spouse after marriage. | <blockquote>Physical intimacy between husband and wife is a beautiful and sacred part of God's plan for His children. It is an expression of love within marriage and allows husband and wife to participate in the creation of life. God has commanded that this sacred power be expressed only between a man and a woman who are legally married. The law of chastity applies to both men and women. It includes strict abstinence from sexual relations before marriage and complete fidelity and loyalty to one's spouse after marriage. | ||
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In addition to reserving sexual intimacy for marriage, we obey the law of chastity by controlling our thoughts, words, and actions. Jesus Christ taught, "Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery: but I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart" ({{bibleverse|Matthew|5:27–28}})."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/chastity/what-is-the-law-of-chastity?lang=eng|title=What Is the Law of Chastity?|website=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref></blockquote> | In addition to reserving sexual intimacy for marriage, we obey the law of chastity by controlling our thoughts, words, and actions. Jesus Christ taught, "Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery: but I say unto you, That whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her hath committed adultery with her already in his heart" ({{bibleverse|Matthew|5:27–28}})."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/chastity/what-is-the-law-of-chastity?lang=eng|title=What Is the Law of Chastity?|website=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints|access-date=15 March 2018}}</ref></blockquote> | ||
Teachings of the Church | Teachings of the LDS Church also include that sexual expression within marriage is an important dimension of spousal bonding apart from, but not necessarily avoiding, its procreative result. | ||
=== Islam === | === Islam === | ||
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====Sharia (Law)==== | ====Sharia (Law)==== | ||
Chastity is mandatory in Islam. Sex outside legitimacy is prohibited, for both men and women, whether married or unmarried. The injunctions and forbiddings in Islam apply equally to men and women. The legal punishment for adultery is equal for men and women. | Chastity is mandatory in Islam. Sex outside legitimacy is prohibited, for both men and women, whether married or unmarried. The injunctions and forbiddings in Islam apply equally to men and women. The legal punishment for adultery is equal for men and women.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-01 |title=Sentencing adulterers to death |url=https://islamonline.net/en/sentencing-adulterers-to-death/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=IslamOnline |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Surah An-Nur - 2-12 |url=https://quran.com/en/an-nur/2-12 |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=Quran.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahih Muslim 1690a - The Book of Legal Punishments - كتاب الحدود - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/muslim:1690a |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahih Muslim 1695b - The Book of Legal Punishments - كتاب الحدود - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/muslim:1695b |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> | ||
The prophet's prescription to the youth was: | The prophet's prescription to the youth was: | ||
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== In Eastern religions == | == In Eastern religions == | ||
===Hinduism=== | ===Hinduism=== | ||
[[Hinduism]]'s view on premarital sex is rooted in its concept of {{transliteration|sa|[[Ashrama (stage)|ashrama]]}} or the stages of life. The first of these stages, known as {{transliteration|sa|[[brahmacharya]]}}, roughly translates as chastity. Celibacy and chastity are considered the appropriate behavior for both [[male]] and [[female]] [[student]]s during this stage, which precedes the stage of the married householder ({{transliteration|sa|[[grihastha]]}}). {{transliteration|sa|[[Sanyasa|Sanyasis]]}} and Hindu monks or {{transliteration|sa|[[sadhu]]s}} are also celibate as part of their [[asceticism|ascetic]] discipline.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} | [[Hinduism]]'s view on premarital sex is rooted in its concept of {{transliteration|sa|[[Ashrama (stage)|ashrama]]}}, or the stages of life. The first of these stages, known as {{transliteration|sa|[[brahmacharya]]}}, roughly translates as chastity. Celibacy and chastity are considered the appropriate behavior for both [[male]] and [[female]] [[student]]s during this stage, which precedes the stage of the married householder ({{transliteration|sa|[[grihastha]]}}). {{transliteration|sa|[[Sanyasa|Sanyasis]]}} and Hindu monks, or {{transliteration|sa|[[sadhu]]s}}, are also celibate as part of their [[asceticism|ascetic]] discipline.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} | ||
===Sikhism=== | ===Sikhism=== | ||
In [[Sikhism]], premarital or extramarital sex is strictly forbidden. However, it is encouraged to marry and live as a family unit to provide and nurture children for the perpetual benefit of creation (as opposed to {{transliteration|sa|[[sannyasa]]}} or living as a monk, which was, and remains, a common spiritual practice in India). A Sikh is encouraged not to live as a recluse, beggar, monk, nun, celibate, or in any similar vein.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} | In [[Sikhism]], premarital or extramarital sex is strictly forbidden. However, it is encouraged to marry and live as a family unit to provide and nurture children for the perpetual benefit of creation (as opposed to {{transliteration|sa|[[sannyasa]]}}, or living as a monk, which was, and remains, a common spiritual practice in India). A Sikh is encouraged not to live as a recluse, beggar, monk, nun, celibate, or in any similar vein.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} | ||
=== Jainism === | === Jainism === | ||
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===Buddhism=== | ===Buddhism=== | ||
{{Main|Buddhism and sexuality}} | {{Main|Buddhism and sexuality}} | ||
The teachings of [[Buddhism]] include the [[Noble Eightfold Path]], comprising a division called [[Noble Eightfold Path#Right action|right action]]. Under the [[Five Precepts]] ethical code, [[Upāsaka and Upāsikā|{{transliteration|sa|upāsaka}} and {{transliteration|sa|upāsikā}}]] lay followers should abstain from sexual misconduct, while {{transliteration|sa|[[bhikkhu]]}} and {{transliteration|sa|[[bhikkhuni]]}} monastics should practice strict chastity.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} | The teachings of [[Buddhism]] include the [[Noble Eightfold Path]], comprising a division called [[Noble Eightfold Path#Right action|right action]]. Under the [[Five Precepts]] ethical code, [[Upāsaka and Upāsikā|{{transliteration|sa|upāsaka}} and {{transliteration|sa|upāsikā}}]] lay followers should abstain from sexual misconduct, while {{transliteration|sa|[[bhikkhu]]}} and {{transliteration|sa|[[bhikkhuni]]}} monastics should practice strict chastity.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}} | ||
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==Government== | ==Government== | ||
In Iran, women are [[Compulsory hijab in Iran|required to wear hijabs]] as part of that society's efforts to enforce chastity. In 2023 the [[Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance]] announced a new bill titled the [[Hijab and chastity law|Protection of the Culture of Chastity and Hijab Law]], expanding its | In Iran, women are [[Compulsory hijab in Iran|required to wear hijabs]] as part of that society's efforts to enforce chastity. In 2023 the [[Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance]] announced a new bill titled the [[Hijab and chastity law|Protection of the Culture of Chastity and Hijab Law]], expanding its number of sections from 15 to 70.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran: Law to Protect the Family by Promoting the Culture of Chastity and Hijab Proposed |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2023-09-05/iran-law-to-protect-the-family-by-promoting-the-culture-of-chastity-and-hijab-proposed/ |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||