Demographics of Egypt: Difference between revisions
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| image_size = 350 | | image_size = 350 | ||
| caption = [[Population pyramid]] of Egypt in 2024 | | caption = [[Population pyramid]] of Egypt in 2024 | ||
| size_of_population = 116,538,258 (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web|title = United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects: The 2024 Revision | url=https://population.un.org/wpp/}}</ref> | | size_of_population = 116,538,258 (2024 est.)<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title = United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects: The 2024 Revision | url=https://population.un.org/wpp/}}</ref> | ||
| growth = 1.4% (2023 est.) | | growth = 1.4% (2023 est.) | ||
| birth = 18.5 births/1,000 population (2024) | | birth = 18.5 births/1,000 population (2024) | ||
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| net_migration = {{hyphen}}0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population | | net_migration = {{hyphen}}0.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population | ||
| sr_at_birth = 1.06 male(s)/female | | sr_at_birth = 1.06 male(s)/female | ||
| total_mf_ratio = 1. | | total_mf_ratio = 1.07 male(s)/female (2022 est.) | ||
| infant_mortality = | | infant_mortality = 67.7 deaths/1,000 live births | ||
| life = 74.45 years | | life = 74.45 years | ||
| life_male = 73.26 years | | life_male = 73.26 years | ||
| life_female = 75.72 years | | life_female = 75.72 years | ||
| fertility = 2.41 children/woman ( | | fertility = 2.41 children/woman (2028)<ref>{{Cite web | title=MSN | url=https://www.msn.com/en-gb/money/other/annual-births-in-egypt-fall-below-two-million-for-the-first-time-in-nearly-two-decades/ar-AA1ye3qY | access-date=2026-05-26 | website=www.msn.com}}</ref> | ||
| nation = [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] | | nation = [[Egyptians|Egyptian]] | ||
| major_ethnic = {{unbulleted list | | major_ethnic = {{unbulleted list | ||
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** [[Nubians]] | ** [[Nubians]] | ||
** [[Beja people|Beja]] | ** [[Beja people|Beja]] | ||
** [[Sudanese Arabs]] | ** [[Sudanese Arabs]] | ||
** Other Blacks | ** Other Blacks | ||
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{{Tree list/end}} | {{Tree list/end}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
}} | |spoken={{unbulleted list | ||
{{ | |{{Tree list}} | ||
*[[Egyptian Arabic]] | |||
*[[Coptic language|Coptic]]<ref name="EG">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/EG/| title=Egypt| publisher=Ethnologue| access-date=6 April 2025}}</ref><ref name="dailynews">{{Cite web|url=https://dailynewsegypt.com/2005/12/10/coptic-languages-last-survivors/|title = StackPath| date=10 December 2005 }}</ref> (mostly liturgical) | |||
{{Tree list/end}} | |||
}}}} | |||
[[ | With about 1.4% of the [[World population|world's population]], [[Egypt]] is the most populous country in the [[Middle East]], and the third-most populous on the [[List of African countries by population|African continent]], after [[Demographics of Nigeria|Nigeria]] and [[Demographics of Ethiopia|Ethiopia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511041727/http://www.capmas.gov.eg/ |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=19 April 2015 |website=www.capmas.gov.eg}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/population/country-comparison/ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260115220708/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/population/country-comparison | url-status=dead | archive-date=15 January 2026 | title=Population - the World Factbook }}</ref> About 95%<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Egypt Facts |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destination/egypt |magazine=National Geographic}}</ref> of the country's 119 million [[Egyptians|people]] (May 2025)<ref>{{Cite web |title=population clock |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/HomePage.aspx |publisher=Egypt Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics |access-date=20 May 2017 |archive-date=6 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206110940/http://www.capmas.gov.eg/HomePage.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> live along the banks of the [[Nile]] and in the Nile Delta, which fans out north of Cairo; and along the [[Suez Canal]]. These regions are among the world's most densely populated, containing an average of over 1,540 people per km<sup>2</sup>, as compared to 96 persons per km<sup>2</sup> for the country as a whole. | ||
[[Egypt]] is the most populous country in the [[Middle East]], and the third-most populous on the [[List of African countries by population|African continent]], after [[Demographics of Nigeria|Nigeria]] | |||
Small communities spread throughout the [[desert]] regions of Egypt are clustered around historic trade and transportation routes. The government has tried with mixed success to encourage migration to newly [[irrigation|irrigated]] land reclaimed from the desert. However, the proportion of the population living in rural areas has continued to decrease as people move to the megacities in search of employment and a higher [[standard of living]]. | Small communities spread throughout the [[desert]] regions of Egypt are clustered around historic trade and transportation routes. The government has tried with mixed success to encourage migration to newly [[irrigation|irrigated]] land reclaimed from the desert. However, the proportion of the population living in rural areas has continued to decrease as people move to the megacities in search of employment and a higher [[standard of living]]. | ||
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==Population size and distribution== | ==Population size and distribution== | ||
[[File:Egypt 2010 population density1.png|thumb|left|2010 population density]] | |||
Egypt has a population of 116,538,000 (2024 UN estimate).<ref | Egypt has a population of 116,538,000 (2024 UN estimate).<ref name="auto"/> According to the OECD/World Bank statistics [[population growth]] in Egypt from 1990 to 2008 was 23.7 million and 41%.<ref name="IEApop2011">[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021013446/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |date=21 October 2011 }} Population 1971–2008 ([http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=6 January 2012 }} pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 p. 57)</ref> | ||
{{Chart|definition=Egypt Total Population.chart|data=Egypt Total Population.tab|Width=450}} | {{Chart|definition=Egypt Total Population.chart|data=Egypt Total Population.tab|Width=450}} | ||
{{Chart|definition=Egypt Population Change.chart|data=Egypt Population Change.tab|Width=450}} | {{Chart|definition=Egypt Population Change.chart|data=Egypt Population Change.tab|Width=450}} | ||
{{Chart|definition=Egypt Natural population growth.chart|data=Egypt Natural population growth.tab|Width=450}} | |||
{{Chart|definition=Egypt TFR.chart|data=Egypt TFR.tab|Width=450}} | |||
===History=== | ===History=== | ||
{{Main|Population history of Egypt}}{{ | {{Main|Population history of Egypt}}{{Empty section|date=February 2022}}[[Image:Historical_population_of_Egypt.svg|thumb|left|Historical population growth in Egypt; data from [[Our World in Data]]]] | ||
{{Historical populations | {{Historical populations | ||
|source = Population in Egypt<ref name="pop1882-2006">{{Cite web |title=Population in Censuses by Sex & Sex Ratio (1882–2006) |url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/newvr/egyptinfigures/Tables/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/9.pdf |publisher=Egypt State Information Service |access-date=30 April 2013 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819071150/http://www.sis.gov.eg/newvr/egyptinfigures/Tables/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/9.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |source = Population in Egypt<ref name="pop1882-2006">{{Cite web |title=Population in Censuses by Sex & Sex Ratio (1882–2006) |url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/newvr/egyptinfigures/Tables/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/9.pdf |publisher=Egypt State Information Service |access-date=30 April 2013 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819071150/http://www.sis.gov.eg/newvr/egyptinfigures/Tables/1-%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86/9.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
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{{Hidden begin | {{Hidden begin | ||
|title= Percentage distribution of population in censuses (1976,1986,1996,2006) by age group | |title= Percentage distribution of population in censuses (1976, 1986, 1996, 2006) by age group | ||
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35; | |titlestyle = background:#EEBC35; | ||
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{{Hidden end}} | {{Hidden end}} | ||
{{Hidden begin | {{Hidden begin|title=Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010)|titlestyle=background:#EEBC35;}} | ||
|title= Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010) | |||
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Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010): | Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010): | ||
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{{Hidden end}} | {{Hidden end}} | ||
{{Hidden begin | {{Hidden begin|title=Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012)|titlestyle=background:#EEBC35;}} | ||
|title = Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012) | |||
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Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012): | Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012): | ||
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{{Hidden end}} | {{Hidden end}} | ||
{{Hidden begin | {{Hidden begin|title=Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013)|titlestyle=background:#EEBC35;}} | ||
|title= Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013) | |||
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35; | |||
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Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013): | Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013): | ||
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| align="right" | 7,803 | | align="right" | 7,803 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="right" | | | align="right" | 15–67 | ||
| align="right" | 4,038 | | align="right" | 4,038 | ||
| align="right" | 3,805 | | align="right" | 3,805 | ||
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|} | |} | ||
{{Hidden end}} | {{Hidden end}} | ||
{{Hidden begin | {{Hidden begin|title=Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013)|titlestyle=background:#EEBC35;}} | ||
|title= Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013) | |||
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35; | |||
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Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013): | Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013): | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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{{Hidden end}} | {{Hidden end}} | ||
{{Hidden begin | {{Hidden begin|title=Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014)|titlestyle=background:#EEBC35;}} | ||
|title = Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014) | |||
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35; | |||
}} | |||
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014) in thousands: | Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014) in thousands: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 861: | Line 846: | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{Hidden end}} | {{Hidden end}} | ||
{{Hidden begin | {{Hidden begin|title=Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014)|titlestyle=background:#EEBC35;}} | ||
|title= Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014) | |||
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35; | |||
}} | |||
Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic and Health Survey 2014 |url=http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR302/FR302.pdf |access-date=2015-08-01 |publisher=DHS}}</ref> | Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic and Health Survey 2014 |url=http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR302/FR302.pdf |access-date=2015-08-01 |publisher=DHS}}</ref> | ||
Total population in thousands: 114 428 (Males 56 926, Females 57 501) | Total population in thousands: 114 428 (Males 56 926, Females 57 501) | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! width="80pt"|Age | ! width="80pt"|Age group | ||
! width="80pt"|Male (%) | ! width="80pt"|Male (%) | ||
! width="80pt"|Female (%) | ! width="80pt"|Female (%) | ||
| Line 1,173: | Line 1,155: | ||
=== Urban and rural population === | === Urban and rural population === | ||
{{See also|List of cities and towns in Egypt}} | {{See also|List of cities and towns in Egypt}} | ||
Figures from CAPMAS:<ref name="Statistical Yearbook - Population">{{Cite web |date=2015-05-20 |title=Statistical Yearbook – Population |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/StaticPages.aspx?page_id=5034}}</ref> | Figures from CAPMAS:<ref name="Statistical Yearbook - Population">{{Cite web |date=2015-05-20 |title=Statistical Yearbook – Population |url=http://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/StaticPages.aspx?page_id=5034 |access-date=20 May 2015 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901050934/https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/StaticPages.aspx?page_id=5034 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!rowspan=2|Year | !rowspan=2|Year | ||
!rowspan=2|Midyear<br>population | !rowspan=2|Midyear<br />population | ||
!colspan=2|Urban population | !colspan=2|Urban population | ||
!colspan=2|Rural population | !colspan=2|Rural population | ||
| Line 1,360: | Line 1,342: | ||
=== Population projections === | === Population projections === | ||
The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) had released high/medium/low population projections for 2011–2031 based on Final Results of 2006 Population Census.<ref name="Statistical Yearbook - Population" /> The 2020 high variant was 92.6 million, the medium | The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) had released high/medium/low population projections for 2011–2031 based on Final Results of 2006 Population Census.<ref name="Statistical Yearbook - Population" /> The 2020 high variant was 92.6 million, the medium was 91.0 million, and the low was 90.0 million. The 2030 high variant is 104.4 million, the medium is 101.7 million, and the low is 99.8 million. However the information could be misleading as the 2013 population figure of 84.6 million is higher than the projected high of 83 million. In fact, due to an unexpected rise in the fertility rate (from 3.0 to 3.5), the population already surpassed 91 million on 5 June 2016 while reaching 92 million on 30 November, average population age remaining stable despite a rising life expectancy. Furthermore, as of 2022, the population of Egypt reached 111 million, which is a figure even higher than what is projected for 2030. | ||
==Vital statistics== | ==Vital statistics== | ||
| Line 1,371: | Line 1,353: | ||
*Net gain of one person every 17 seconds | *Net gain of one person every 17 seconds | ||
Vital statistics:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic Yearbook 2019 |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/index.cshtml |website=United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | Vital statistics:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic Yearbook 2019 |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/index.cshtml |website=United Nations}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.capmas.gov.eg/?lang=2|title=الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء|website=www.capmas.gov.eg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Unknown |url=http://www.dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-PR54-Preliminary-Reports-Key-Indicator-Reports.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221182502/https://www.dhsprogram.com/publications/publication-PR54-Preliminary-Reports-Key-Indicator-Reports.cfm |archive-date=21 December 2018 |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right" | {{sticky-header}}{{sort under}}{{table alignment}} | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable sort-under sticky-header-multi" style="text-align:right;" | |||
! | ! | ||
! width="70pt"|Midyear population | ! width="70pt"|Midyear population | ||
| Line 1,884: | Line 1,867: | ||
|98,902,000 | |98,902,000 | ||
|2,304,800||570,600||1,734,200 | |2,304,800||570,600||1,734,200 | ||
|23.3||5.8||17.5||0.2||style="color:blue;| | |23.3||5.8||17.5||0.2||style="color:blue;|3.009 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2020 | |2020 | ||
| Line 1,894: | Line 1,877: | ||
|102,061,000 | |102,061,000 | ||
|2,184,605||style="color:red;|741,900||1,442,705 | |2,184,605||style="color:red;|741,900||1,442,705 | ||
|21.4||7.3||14.1||0.2||style="color:blue;|2. | |21.4||7.3||14.1||0.2||style="color:blue;|2.796 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2022 | |2022 | ||
|103,605,000 | |103,605,000 | ||
|2,193,001||601,781||1,591,220 | |2,193,001||601,781||1,591,220 | ||
|21.2||5.8||15.4||-0.5||style="color:blue;|2. | |21.2||5.8||15.4||-0.5||style="color:blue;|2.761 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2023 | |2023 | ||
| Line 1,910: | Line 1,893: | ||
|13.9 | |13.9 | ||
| -5.8 | | -5.8 | ||
|style="color:blue;|2. | |style="color:blue;|2.537 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2024<ref>{{Cite web | |2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/539535/Egypt/Egypt-birth-rate-falls-below--mln-threshold-for-st.aspx|title=Egypt birth rate falls below 2 mln threshold for 1st time since 2007 - Society - Egypt|website=Ahram Online}}</ref> | ||
|style="color:blue;|106,556,000 | |style="color:blue;|106,556,000 | ||
|1, | |1,968,396 | ||
| | |611,421 | ||
|1, | |1,356,975 | ||
|style="color:red;|18.5 | |style="color:red;|18.5 | ||
|5.7 | |5.7 | ||
|12.8 | |12.8 | ||
|0.3 | |0.3 | ||
|style="color:red;|2. | |style="color:red;|2.412 | ||
|- | |||
|2025 | |||
|| | |||
|1,944,700 | |||
|610,600 | |||
|1,334,100 | |||
|| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 1,934: | Line 1,928: | ||
! Natural increase | ! Natural increase | ||
|- | |- | ||
! January—March 2025 | |||
| | | 455,400 | ||
| | | 166,000 | ||
| + | | +289,400 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! January—March 2026 | |||
| | | 499,600 | ||
| | | 167,900 | ||
| + | | +331,700 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Difference | |||
| {{ | | {{increase}} +44,200 (+9.71%) | ||
| {{increasenegative}} + | | {{increasenegative}} +1,900 (+1.14%) | ||
| {{ | | {{increase}} +42,300 | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | Source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.capmas.gov.eg/Pages/Publications.aspx?page_id=5107&Year=23518|title=الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء|website=www.capmas.gov.eg}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 Jun 2024 |title=Egypt's population growth rate drops to 1.4 percent in four years: Gov't spox |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/524687.aspx |website=Ahram Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=اÙجÙاز اÙÙ
رÙز٠ÙÙتعبئة اÙعاÙ
Ø© ÙاÙØ¥Øصاء | url=https://www.capmas.gov.eg/publications/160 | access-date=2026-05-26 | website=www.capmas.gov.eg}}</ref> | |||
|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Fertility rate=== | ||
Fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and CBR (crude birth rate):<ref>{{Cite web | Fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and CBR (crude birth rate):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dhsprogram.com/methodology/Survey-Search.cfm|title=The DHS Program - Survey Search|website=www.dhsprogram.com}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!rowspan=2| Year | !rowspan=2| Year | ||
| Line 2,034: | Line 2,028: | ||
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,9 (2,4) | | style="text-align:right;"| 2,9 (2,4) | ||
| style="text-align:right;"| 32,7 | | style="text-align:right;"| 32,7 | ||
| style="text-align:right;"| 3,8 | | style="text-align:right;"| 3,8 | ||
|- | |||
| 2019 | |||
| style="text-align:right;"| | |||
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,87 | |||
|- | |- | ||
| 2024 | |||
| style="text-align:right;"| | |||
| style="text-align:right;"| 2,41 | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right" | |||
|- | |||
! Years !! 1860!!1861!!1862!!1863!!1864!!1865!!1866!!1867!!1868!!1869<ref name="ourworldindata.org" /> | |||
|- | |||
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04 | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right" | |||
|- | |||
! Years !! 1870!!1871!!1872!!1873!!1874!!1875!!1876!!1877!!1878!!1879<ref name="ourworldindata.org" /> | |||
|- | |||
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.04||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03 | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right" | |||
|- | |||
! Years !! 1880!!1881!!1882!!1883!!1884!!1885!!1886!!1887!!1888!!1889<ref name="ourworldindata.org" /> | |||
|- | |||
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03 | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right" | |||
|- | |||
! Years !! 1890!!1891!!1892!!1893!!1894!!1895!!1896!!1897!!1898!!1899<ref name="ourworldindata.org" /> | |||
|- | |||
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03 | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right" | |||
|- | |||
! Years !! 1900!!1901!!1902!!1903!!1904!!1905!!1906!!1907!!1908!!1909<ref name="ourworldindata.org" /> | |||
|- | |||
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate in Egypt||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.03||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.02||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.02||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.02||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.02||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.02 | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right" | |||
|- | |||
! Years !! 1910!!1911!!1912!!1913!!1914!!1915!!1916!!1917!!1918!!1919<ref name="ourworldindata.org">{{Cite web |last=[[Our World in Data]] |title=Children born per woman |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1800 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302071956/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-born-per-woman?year=1800&time=1541..2015 |archive-date=March 2, 2019 |access-date=May 28, 2026}}</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate in Egypt||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.02||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.02||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.02||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.99||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.97||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.94||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.97||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|5.99||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.02||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.05 | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable " style="text-align:right" | |||
|- | |||
! Years !! 1920!!1921!!1922!!1923!!1924!!1925!!1926!!1927!!1928!!1929<ref name="ourworldindata.org" /> | |||
|- | |||
| align="left"|Total Fertility Rate in Egypt||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.08||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.08||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.07||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.07||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.07||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.07||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.15||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.24||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.33||style="text-align:right; color:blue;"|6.42 | |||
|} | |||
=== Life expectancy === | |||
[[File:Life expectancy in Egypt.svg|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Egypt since 1927]] | [[File:Life expectancy in Egypt.svg|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Egypt since 1927]] | ||
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Egypt -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Egypt since 1960 by gender]] | [[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Egypt -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Egypt since 1960 by gender]] | ||
| Line 2,091: | Line 2,134: | ||
==Demographics by Governorate== | ==Demographics by Governorate== | ||
{{Main|Governorates of Egypt}} | {{Main|Governorates of Egypt}} | ||
{{Map of Egypt's governorates}} | {{Map of Egypt's governorates}} | ||
| Line 2,514: | Line 2,558: | ||
{{bar box | {{bar box | ||
|title=Ethnic groups of Egypt (2006)<ref name="CIA2015">{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Egypt |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/ |website=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> | |title=Ethnic groups of Egypt (2006)<ref name="CIA2015">{{Cite web |date=14 December 2021 |title=Egypt |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104191953/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/egypt/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 January 2021 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> | ||
|titlebar=#ddd | |titlebar=#ddd | ||
|left1=Ethnic groups | |left1=Ethnic groups | ||
| Line 2,528: | Line 2,572: | ||
The vast majority of the population of Egypt consists of [[Egyptians]] including [[Copts]], the native Egyptians make up 95% of the population.<ref name="CIA2015" /> The vast majority of Egyptians are speakers of the [[Egyptian Arabic]] dialect. | The vast majority of the population of Egypt consists of [[Egyptians]] including [[Copts]], the native Egyptians make up 95% of the population.<ref name="CIA2015" /> The vast majority of Egyptians are speakers of the [[Egyptian Arabic]] dialect. | ||
Minorities in Egypt include the [[Berbers in Egypt|Berber]]-speaking community of the [[Siwa Oasis]] (Siwis) and the [[Nubian people]] clustered along the Nile in the southernmost part of [[Egypt]]. There are also sizable minorities of [[Beja people|Beja]] and [[Romani people in Egypt|Dom]]. | Minorities in Egypt include the [[Berbers in Egypt|Berber]]-speaking community of the [[Siwa Oasis]] (Siwis) and the [[Nubian people]] clustered along the Nile in the southernmost part of [[Egypt]]. There are also sizable minorities of [[Beja people|Beja]] in the eastern desert and [[Romani people in Egypt|Dom]]. | ||
[[File:Flickr - DavidDennisPhotos.com - Boy in Luxor next to the Nile River.jpg|thumb|230x230px|[[Sa'idi people|Sa'idi]] Upper Egyptian boy from the Luxor Governate]]The country was also host to many different communities during the European occupation period, including [[Greeks in Egypt|Greeks]], [[Italians in Egypt|Italians]], and also from war-torn areas; the [[Lebanese people in Egypt|Lebanese]], [[Syro-Lebanese in Egypt|Syro-Lebanese]], and other minority groups like [[History of the Jews in Egypt|Jews]], [[Armenians in Egypt|Armenians]], [[Turks in Egypt|Turks]] and [[Albanians in Egypt|Albanians]], though most either left or were compelled to leave after political developments in the 1950s. The country still hosts some 90,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mostly [[Palestinians in Egypt|Palestinians]] and [[Sudanese refugees in Egypt|Sudanese]]. | [[File:Flickr - DavidDennisPhotos.com - Boy in Luxor next to the Nile River.jpg|thumb|230x230px|[[Sa'idi people|Sa'idi]] Upper Egyptian boy from the Luxor Governate]]The country was also host to many different communities during the European occupation period, including [[Greeks in Egypt|Greeks]], [[Italians in Egypt|Italians]], and also from war-torn areas; the [[Lebanese people in Egypt|Lebanese]], [[Syro-Lebanese in Egypt|Syro-Lebanese]], and other minority groups like [[History of the Jews in Egypt|Jews]], [[Armenians in Egypt|Armenians]], [[Turks in Egypt|Turks]] and [[Albanians in Egypt|Albanians]], though most either left or were compelled to leave after political developments in the 1950s. The country still hosts some 90,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mostly [[Palestinians in Egypt|Palestinians]] and [[Sudanese refugees in Egypt|Sudanese]]. | ||
Other sources | Other sources give more detailed statistics, including the [[Beja people|Beja]] (ca. 88,000), the [[Nubians]] (ca. 300,000 in 1996), [[Romani people in Egypt|Dom]] (ca. 230,000 in 1996), [[Berbers in Egypt|Berbers]] (Siwis) (ca. 5,000).<ref>{{Citation |title=2.2 million and extend into Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea |work=refworld.com |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/49749ca632.html}}</ref> | ||
Egypt | In its latest assessment of migratory presences in Egypt, [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] has revealed that the current number of international migrants residing in Egypt is 9,012,582, equivalent to 8.7% of the Egyptian population.<ref name="brookings.edu">{{Cite web |date=4 October 2016 |title=Who are the 5 million refugees and immigrants in Egypt? |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2016/10/04/who-are-the-5-million-refugees-and-immigrants-in-egypt/ |website=brookings.edu}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-17 |title=IOM Egypt estimates the current number of international migrants living in Egypt to 9 million people originating from 133 countries - Egypt {{!}} ReliefWeb |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/egypt/iom-egypt-estimates-current-number-international-migrants-living-egypt-9-million-people-originating-133-countries |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> This migrant population is made up of people from 133 countries, among whom the largest groups are [[Sudan]]ese (4 million), [[Syrians]] (1.5 million), [[Yemenis]] (1 million) and [[Libya]]ns (1 million). These four nationalities make up 80% of the international migrants currently residing in the country.<ref name="brookings.edu" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Al-Abasi |first=Qabool |date=2020-12-18 |title=The Struggle Far From Home: Yemeni Refugees in Cairo |url=https://sanaacenter.org/publications/main-publications/12286 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=Sana'a Center For Strategic Studies |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2025-05-22 |title=IOM Egypt estimates the current number of international migrants living in Egypt to 9 million people originating from 133 countries |url=http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article182756.ece |website=International Organization for Migration. |access-date=22 May 2025 |archive-date=10 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110013948/http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article182756.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
In 2023, EU's [[Josep Borrell]], then the High Representative/Vice-President, estimated that refugees in Egypt make up 10% of the total population of the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article182756.ece |title=Egypt: Press remarks by High Representative/Vice-President Josep Borrell after meeting with Minister of Foreign Affairs Sameh Shoukry |website=EEAS.europa.eu |date=2025-05-22 |access-date=22 May 2025 |archive-date=10 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101110013948/http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article182756.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
In 2023, EU's [[Josep Borrell]], then the High Representative/Vice-President, estimated that refugees in Egypt make up 10% of the total population of the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://arabnews.com/saudiarabia/article182756.ece |title= Egypt: Press remarks by High Representative/Vice-President Josep Borrell after meeting with Minister of Foreign Affairs Sameh Shoukry | |||
==Languages== | ==Languages== | ||
{{main|Languages of Egypt}} | {{main|Languages of Egypt}} | ||
[[Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Egypt, with the vast majority of Egyptians speaking [[Egyptian Arabic]]. In The Upper Nile valley regions, [[Sa'idi Arabic]] is prevalent. The [[Coptic language]] is still used in the Coptic church for the majority of prayers, hymns, masses, and meditations. [[English language|English]] is widely understood. [[Siwa language]] is used in ethnic Berber tribal areas in the western desert (Siwa), and [[Nubian language]] is widely used among the ethnic Nubians in the southern areas. | [[Arabic language|Arabic]] is the official language of Egypt, with the vast majority of Egyptians speaking [[Egyptian Arabic]]. In The Upper Nile valley regions, [[Sa'idi Arabic]] is prevalent. The [[Coptic language]] is still used in the Coptic church for the majority of prayers, hymns, masses, and meditations. [[English language|English]] is widely understood. [[Siwa language]] is used in ethnic Berber tribal areas in the western desert (Siwa), and [[Nubian language]] is widely used among the ethnic Nubians in the southern areas. | ||
==Religions== | ==Religions== | ||
{{main|Religion in Egypt|Islam in Egypt|Christianity in Egypt}} | {{main|Religion in Egypt|Islam in Egypt|Christianity in Egypt}} | ||
{{Pie chart | {{Pie chart | ||
|thumb = right | |thumb = right | ||
|caption = Religion in Egypt (est. 2017)<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2014&dlid=238452#wrapper International Religious Freedom Report for 2014] US Department of State</ref> | |caption = Religion in Egypt (est. 2017)<ref>[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2014&dlid=238452#wrapper International Religious Freedom Report for 2014] US Department of State</ref> | ||
|label1 = [[Islam in Egypt|Islam]] | |label1 = [[Islam in Egypt|Islam]] | ||
|value1 = | |value1 = 90 | ||
|color1 = MediumSeaGreen | |color1 = MediumSeaGreen | ||
|label2 = [[Christianity in Egypt|Christianity]] | |label2 = [[Christianity in Egypt|Christianity]] | ||
|value2 = | |value2 = 10 | ||
|color2 = Purple | |color2 = Purple | ||
}} | }} | ||
According to the [[CIA World Factbook]], 90% of the population is Muslim and 10% is Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican).{{Efn|name=CopticPopulation|In 2017, the ''Wall Street Journal'' reported that "the vast majority of Egypt's estimated 9.5 million Christians, approximately 10% of the country's population, are Orthodox Copts."<ref name="RoccaKholaif">Francis X. Rocca & Dahlia Kholaif, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/pope-francis-calls-on-egypts-catholics-to-embrace-forgiveness-1493464066 Pope Francis Calls on Egypt’s Catholics to Embrace Forgiveness], ''Wall Street Journal'' (April 29, 2017).</ref> In 2019, the Associated Press cited an estimate of 10 million Copts in Egypt.<ref name="Elhennawy">Noha Elhennawy, [https://apnews.com/a115f4d4a86c4f9b8cdb0802ccf3e5e5 Egyptian woman fights unequal Islamic inheritance laws], Associated Press (November 15, 2019).</ref> In 2015, the ''Wall Street Journal'' reported: "The Egyptian government estimates about 5 million Copts, but the Coptic Orthodox Church says 15–18 million. Reliable numbers are hard to find but estimates suggest they make up somewhere between 6% and 18% of the population."<ref name="WSJ2015">{{Cite news |date=February 16, 2015 |title=Five Things to Know About Egypt's Coptic Christians |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2015/02/16/5-five-things-to-know-about-egypts-coptic-christians/}}</ref> In 2004, BBC News reported that Copts were 5–10% of the Egyptian population.<ref name="2004Egypt">{{Cite news |date=22 December 2004 |title=Egyptian Coptic protesters freed |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4117831.stm}}</ref> The ''[[CIA World Factbook]]'' reported a 2015 estimate that 10% of the Egyptian population is Christian (including both Copts and non-Copts).<ref name="CIA2015" | According to the [[CIA World Factbook]], 90% of the population is Muslim and 10% is Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican).{{Efn|name=CopticPopulation|In 2017, the ''Wall Street Journal'' reported that "the vast majority of Egypt's estimated 9.5 million Christians, approximately 10% of the country's population, are Orthodox Copts."<ref name="RoccaKholaif">Francis X. Rocca & Dahlia Kholaif, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/pope-francis-calls-on-egypts-catholics-to-embrace-forgiveness-1493464066 Pope Francis Calls on Egypt’s Catholics to Embrace Forgiveness], ''Wall Street Journal'' (April 29, 2017).</ref> In 2019, the Associated Press cited an estimate of 10 million Copts in Egypt.<ref name="Elhennawy">Noha Elhennawy, [https://apnews.com/a115f4d4a86c4f9b8cdb0802ccf3e5e5 Egyptian woman fights unequal Islamic inheritance laws], Associated Press (November 15, 2019).</ref> In 2015, the ''Wall Street Journal'' reported: "The Egyptian government estimates about 5 million Copts, but the Coptic Orthodox Church says 15–18 million. Reliable numbers are hard to find but estimates suggest they make up somewhere between 6% and 18% of the population."<ref name="WSJ2015">{{Cite news |date=February 16, 2015 |title=Five Things to Know About Egypt's Coptic Christians |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2015/02/16/5-five-things-to-know-about-egypts-coptic-christians/}}</ref> In 2004, BBC News reported that Copts were 5–10% of the Egyptian population.<ref name="2004Egypt">{{Cite news |date=22 December 2004 |title=Egyptian Coptic protesters freed |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4117831.stm}}</ref> The ''[[CIA World Factbook]]'' reported a 2015 estimate that 10% of the Egyptian population is Christian (including both Copts and non-Copts).<ref name="CIA2015"/>}} | ||
<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2006 – Egypt |date=15 September 2006 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71420 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Religious Freedom Report 2006 – Egypt |date=15 September 2006 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2006/71420.htm}}</ref><ref name="CIA2015" /> | ||
*[[Islam in Egypt|Muslim]] 90%<ref name="CIA2015" /> (mostly Sunni) | *[[Islam in Egypt|Muslim]] 90%<ref name="CIA2015" /> (mostly Sunni) | ||
*[[Christianity in Egypt|Christianity]] 10%{{Efn|name=CopticPopulation}} | *[[Christianity in Egypt|Christianity]] 10%{{Efn|name=CopticPopulation}} | ||
*[[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]]: fewer than 2,000 individuals (< 0.003%) | *[[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]]: fewer than 2,000 individuals (< 0.003%){{cn|date=May 2026}} | ||
*[[Judaism in Egypt|Judaism]]: | *[[Judaism in Egypt|Judaism]]: ~12 individuals (mostly elderly people)<ref name="interviewingvanishingjewishcommunity">{{Cite web |title=Interviewing Egypt's Vanishing Jewish Community - Dartmouth |date=3 November 2024 |url=https://home.dartmouth.edu/news/2022/03/interviewing-egypts-vanishing-jewish-community}}</ref> | ||
==Egyptians abroad== | ==Egyptians abroad== | ||
{{main|Egyptian diaspora}} | {{main|Egyptian diaspora}} | ||
Egyptians have a long history of mobility, primarily across the Arab world, but emigration became much more popular once it was recognised as a right in the [[Egyptian Constitution of 1971|1971 Constitution]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tsourapas |first=Gerasimos |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qa-BDwAAQBAJ&q=Egypt+politics+migration&pg=PR12 |title=The Politics of Migration in Modern Egypt: Strategies for Regime Survival in Autocracies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2019 |isbn=9781108475549 |location=Cambridge |oclc=1080638597}}</ref> According to the [[International Organization for Migration]], an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad and contribute actively to the development of their country through remittances (US$7.8 billion in 2009), circulation of human and social capital, as well as investment. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in [[Arab world|Arab countries]] (923,600 in [[Saudi Arabia]], 332,600 in [[Libya]], 226,850 in [[Jordan]], 190,550 in [[Kuwait]] with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30% are living mostly North America (318,000 in the [[United States]], 110,000 in [[Canada]]) and Europe (90,000 in [[Italy]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=IOM Migration and Development in Egypt Facts and Figures |url=http://www.egypt.iom.int/Doc/IOM%20Migration%20and%20Development%20in%20Egypt%20Facts%20and%20Figures%20(English).pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205011709/http://www.egypt.iom.int/Doc/IOM%20Migration%20and%20Development%20in%20Egypt%20Facts%20and%20Figures%20(English).pdf |archive-date=5 February 2011 |access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref> | Egyptians have a long history of mobility, primarily across the Arab world, but emigration became much more popular once it was recognised as a right in the [[Egyptian Constitution of 1971|1971 Constitution]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tsourapas |first=Gerasimos |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qa-BDwAAQBAJ&q=Egypt+politics+migration&pg=PR12 |title=The Politics of Migration in Modern Egypt: Strategies for Regime Survival in Autocracies |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2019 |isbn=9781108475549 |location=Cambridge |oclc=1080638597}}</ref> According to the [[International Organization for Migration]], an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad and contribute actively to the development of their country through remittances (US$7.8 billion in 2009), circulation of human and social capital, as well as investment. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in [[Arab world|Arab countries]] (923,600 in [[Saudi Arabia]], 332,600 in [[Libya]], 226,850 in [[Jordan]], 190,550 in [[Kuwait]] with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30% are living mostly North America (318,000 in the [[United States]], 110,000 in [[Canada]]) and Europe (90,000 in [[Italy]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=IOM Migration and Development in Egypt Facts and Figures |url=http://www.egypt.iom.int/Doc/IOM%20Migration%20and%20Development%20in%20Egypt%20Facts%20and%20Figures%20(English).pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205011709/http://www.egypt.iom.int/Doc/IOM%20Migration%20and%20Development%20in%20Egypt%20Facts%20and%20Figures%20(English).pdf |archive-date=5 February 2011 |access-date=21 July 2010}}</ref> | ||
==Genetics== | ==Genetics== | ||
{{further|DNA history of Egypt}} | {{further|DNA history of Egypt}} | ||
=== Autosomal DNA === | === Autosomal DNA === | ||
Almarri, Mohamed A et al. (2021) analyzed present-day Middle-Eastern groups. They modelled the components of a sample from Egypt as being made up of four ancient populations: 50% Natufian, 31% Iran Neolithic, 12% Mota, and % Eastern Hunter Gatherer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Almarri |first1=Mohamed A. |last2=Haber |first2=Marc |last3=Lootah |first3=Reem A. |last4=Hallast |first4=Pille |last5=Al Turki |first5=Saeed |last6=Martin |first6=Hilary C. |last7=Xue |first7=Yali |last8=Tyler-Smith |first8=Chris |date=2021-09-02 |title=The genomic history of the Middle East |journal=Cell |volume=184 |issue=18 |pages=4612–4625.e14 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.013 |issn=1097-4172 |pmc=8445022 |pmid=34352227}}</ref> | Almarri, Mohamed A et al. (2021) analyzed present-day Middle-Eastern groups. They modelled the components of a sample from Egypt as being made up of four ancient populations: 50% Natufian, 31% Iran Neolithic, 12% Mota, and 7% Eastern Hunter Gatherer.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Almarri |first1=Mohamed A. |last2=Haber |first2=Marc |last3=Lootah |first3=Reem A. |last4=Hallast |first4=Pille |last5=Al Turki |first5=Saeed |last6=Martin |first6=Hilary C. |last7=Xue |first7=Yali |last8=Tyler-Smith |first8=Chris |date=2021-09-02 |title=The genomic history of the Middle East |journal=Cell |volume=184 |issue=18 |pages=4612–4625.e14 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.013 |issn=1097-4172 |pmc=8445022 |pmid=34352227}}</ref> | ||
=== mtDNA === | === mtDNA === | ||
| Line 2,634: | Line 2,680: | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181221043405/http://reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/people/index.html Demographics of ancient Egypt] | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181221043405/http://reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/people/index.html Demographics of ancient Egypt] | ||
{{Egypt | {{Demographics of Egypt}} | ||
{{Africa in topic|Demographics of}} | {{Africa in topic|Demographics of}} | ||
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}} | {{Asia in topic|Demographics of}} | ||
{{ | {{Egypt topics}} | ||
[[Category:Demographics of Egypt| ]] | [[Category:Demographics of Egypt| ]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:32, 29 May 2026
Template:Infobox place demographics
With about 1.4% of the world's population, Egypt is the most populous country in the Middle East, and the third-most populous on the African continent, after Nigeria and Ethiopia.[1][2] About 95%[3] of the country's 119 million people (May 2025)[4] live along the banks of the Nile and in the Nile Delta, which fans out north of Cairo; and along the Suez Canal. These regions are among the world's most densely populated, containing an average of over 1,540 people per km2, as compared to 96 persons per km2 for the country as a whole.
Small communities spread throughout the desert regions of Egypt are clustered around historic trade and transportation routes. The government has tried with mixed success to encourage migration to newly irrigated land reclaimed from the desert. However, the proportion of the population living in rural areas has continued to decrease as people move to the megacities in search of employment and a higher standard of living.
According to the Peterson Institute for International Economics and other proponents of demographic structural approach (cliodynamics), the basic problem Egypt has is an unemployment rate driven by a demographic youth bulge: with the number of new people entering the job force at about 4% a year, unemployment in Egypt is almost 10 times as high for college graduates as it is for people who have gone through elementary school, particularly educated urban youth, who comprised most of the people that were seen out in the streets during the Egyptian revolution of 2011. An estimated 51.2% of Egyptians are under the age of 25, with just 4.3% over the age of 65, making it one of the most youthful populations in the world.[5][6]
Population size and distribution
Egypt has a population of 116,538,000 (2024 UN estimate).[7] According to the OECD/World Bank statistics population growth in Egypt from 1990 to 2008 was 23.7 million and 41%.[8]
History
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Template:Historical populations
Age distribution
Data taken from Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics.[9]
Percentage distribution of population in censuses (1976, 1986, 1996, 2006) by age group
Percentage distribution of population in censuses by age group
| Age group | 2006 | 1996 | 1986 | 1976 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 15.3 | 13.9 |
| 5–9 | 10.5 | 12.9 | 13.2 | 12.8 |
| 10–14 | 10.6 | 13.3 | 11.6 | 13.4 |
| 15–19 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 10.6 | 10.9 |
| 20–24 | 10.8 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 8.4 |
| 25–29 | 8.8 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 7.3 |
| 30–34 | 6.5 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 5.8 |
| 35–39 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 5.6 |
| 40–44 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.4 | 5.1 |
| 45–49 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.2 |
| 50–54 | 4.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
| 55–59 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.4 |
| 60–64 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 |
| 65–69 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| 70–74 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| 75+ | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010)
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2010):
| Age group | Male | Female | % | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 4,282 | 4,072 | 10.6 | 8,354 |
| 5–9 | 4,265 | 4,007 | 10.5 | 8,272 |
| 10–14 | 4,330 | 4,023 | 10.6 | 8,353 |
| 15–19 | 4,738 | 4,501 | 11.7 | 9,239 |
| 20–24 | 4,358 | 4,155 | 10.8 | 8,513 |
| 25–29 | 3,412 | 3,498 | 8.8 | 6,910 |
| 30–34 | 2,614 | 2,503 | 6.5 | 5,117 |
| 35–39 | 2,498 | 2,536 | 6.4 | 5,034 |
| 40–44 | 2,237 | 2,186 | 5.6 | 4,423 |
| 45–49 | 2,029 | 1,942 | 5.0 | 3,971 |
| 50–54 | 1,668 | 1,640 | 4.2 | 3,308 |
| 55–59 | 1,312 | 1,136 | 3.1 | 2,448 |
| 60–64 | 971 | 871 | 2.3 | 1 842 |
| 65–69 | 693 | 597 | 1.6 | 1 290 |
| 70–74 | 435 | 419 | 1.1 | 854 |
| 75+ | 408 | 392 | 1.0 | 800 |
| Total | 40,250 | 38,478 | 100 | 78,728 |
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012)
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2012):
| Age group | Male | Female | % | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 4,780 | 4,410 | 11.17 | 9,190 |
| 5–9 | 4,534 | 4,192 | 10.60 | 8,726 |
| 10–14 | 3,970 | 3,706 | 9.33 | 7,676 |
| 15–19 | 3,970 | 3,746 | 9.37 | 7,710 |
| 20–24 | 4,236 | 4,024 | 10.04 | 8,260 |
| 25–29 | 4,084 | 3,924 | 9.73 | 8,008 |
| 30–34 | 3,346 | 3,249 | 8.01 | 6,595 |
| 35–39 | 2,589 | 2,524 | 6.21 | 5,113 |
| 40–44 | 2,262 | 2,206 | 5.43 | 4,468 |
| 45–49 | 2,077 | 2,037 | 5.00 | 4,114 |
| 50–54 | 1,821 | 1,798 | 4.40 | 3,619 |
| 55–59 | 1,494 | 1,480 | 3.61 | 2,974 |
| 60–64 | 1,105 | 1,113 | 2.69 | 2,218 |
| 65–69 | 767 | 785 | 1.89 | 1,552 |
| 70–74 | 501 | 517 | 1.24 | 1,018 |
| 75+ | 522 | 536 | 1.29 | 1,058 |
| Total | 42,058 | 40,247 | 100 | 82,305 |
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013)
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2013):
| Age group | Male | Female | % | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 4,861 | 4,481 | 11.17 | 9,342 |
| 5–9 | 4,610 | 4,259 | 10.60 | 8,869 |
| 10–14 | 4,038 | 3,765 | 9.33 | 7,803 |
| 15–67 | 4,038 | 3,805 | 9.37 | 7,843 |
| 20–24 | 4,309 | 4,089 | 10.04 | 8,398 |
| 25–29 | 4,152 | 3,987 | 9.73 | 8,139 |
| 30–34 | 3,403 | 3,300 | 8.01 | 6,703 |
| 35–39 | 2,633 | 2,564 | 6.21 | 5,197 |
| 40–44 | 2,300 | 2,241 | 5.43 | 4,541 |
| 45–49 | 2,113 | 2,069 | 5.00 | 4,182 |
| 50–54 | 1,852 | 1,827 | 4.40 | 3,679 |
| 55–59 | 1,519 | 1,504 | 3.61 | 3,023 |
| 60–64 | 1,124 | 1,130 | 2.69 | 2,254 |
| 65–69 | 781 | 797 | 1.89 | 1,578 |
| 70–74 | 510 | 525 | 1.24 | 1,035 |
| 75–79 | 291 | 303 | 0.71 | 594 |
| 80+ | 239 | 242 | 0.57 | 481 |
| Total | 42,773 | 40,888 | 100 | 83,661 |
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013)
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2013):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 4 910 594 | 4 538 740 | 9 449 334 | 11,17 |
| 5–9 | 4 657 900 | 4 313 848 | 8 971 748 | 10,60 |
| 10–14 | 4 079 894 | 3 812 951 | 7 892 845 | 9,33 |
| 15–19 | 4 079 894 | 3 853 840 | 7 933 634 | 9,37 |
| 20–24 | 4 353 289 | 4 140 279 | 8 493 568 | 10,04 |
| 25–29 | 4 195 561 | 4 037 843 | 8 233 404 | 9,73 |
| 30–34 | 3 438 467 | 3 342 721 | 6 781 188 | 8,01 |
| 35–39 | 2 660 343 | 2 596 487 | 5 256 830 | 6,21 |
| 40–44 | 2 323 857 | 2 269 370 | 4 593 227 | 5,43 |
| 45–49 | 2 134 584 | 2 095 590 | 4 230 173 | 5,00 |
| 50–54 | 1 871 704 | 1 850 252 | 3 721 956 | 4,40 |
| 55–59 | 1 535 218 | 1 523 136 | 3 058 354 | 3,61 |
| 60–64 | 1 135 641 | 1 144 907 | 2 280 548 | 2,69 |
| 65–69 | 788 639 | 807 569 | 1 596 208 | 1,89 |
| 70–74 | 515 244 | 531 564 | 1 046 809 | 1,24 |
| 75–79 | 294 425 | 306 672 | 601 097 | 0,71 |
| 80+ | 241 849 | 246 108 | 487 957 | 0,58 |
| Total | 43 217 105 | 41 411 877 | 84 628 982 | 100 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 13 648 388 | 12 665 539 | 26 313 927 | 31,09 |
| 15–64 | 27 728 560 | 26 854 425 | 54 582 985 | 64,50 |
| 65+ | 1 840 157 | 1 891 913 | 3 732 070 | 4,41 |
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014)
Population estimates by sex and age group (1 July 2014) in thousands:
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 5 102 | 4 728 | 9 830 | 11,3 |
| 5–9 | 4 729 | 4 398 | 9 127 | 10,5 |
| 10–14 | 4 225 | 3 959 | 8 184 | 9,4 |
| 15–19 | 4 312 | 4 077 | 8 389 | 9,7 |
| 20–24 | 4 565 | 4 365 | 8 930 | 10,4 |
| 25–29 | 4 280 | 4 119 | 8 399 | 9,7 |
| 30–34 | 3 413 | 3 319 | 6 732 | 7,8 |
| 35–39 | 2 678 | 2 604 | 5 282 | 6,1 |
| 40–44 | 2 391 | 2 349 | 4 740 | 5,5 |
| 45–49 | 2 194 | 2 156 | 4 350 | 5,0 |
| 50–54 | 1 898 | 1 877 | 3 775 | 4,3 |
| 55–59 | 1 547 | 1 536 | 3 083 | 3,6 |
| 60–64 | 1 130 | 1 131 | 2 261 | 2,6 |
| 65–69 | 789 | 801 | 1 590 | 1,8 |
| 70–74 | 515 | 535 | 1 050 | 1,2 |
| 75+ | 537 | 555 | 1 092 | 1,3 |
| Total | 44 305 | 42 509 | 86 814 | 100 |
| Age group | Sex ratio | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 107.4 | 14 056 | 13 085 | 27 141 | 31,26 |
| 15–39 | 104.1 | 19 248 | 18 484 | 37 732 | 43,46 |
| 40–64 | 101.2 | 9 160 | 9 049 | 18 209 | 20,97 |
| 65+ | 97.4 | 1 841 | 1 891 | 3 732 | 4,30 |
Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014)
Household population by age and sex (DHS 2014).[10]
Total population in thousands: 114 428 (Males 56 926, Females 57 501)
| Age group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 14,1 | 12,6 | 13,4 |
| 5–9 | 12,1 | 11,1 | 11,6 |
| 10–14 | 10,7 | 9,9 | 10,3 |
| 15–19 | 9,1 | 9,0 | 9,1 |
| 20–24 | 7,8 | 8,6 | 8,2 |
| 25–29 | 8,2 | 9,4 | 8,8 |
| 30–34 | 7,0 | 7,7 | 7,3 |
| 35–39 | 5,9 | 6,2 | 6,0 |
| 40–44 | 4,8 | 5,1 | 4,9 |
| 45–49 | 4,7 | 4,7 | 4,7 |
| 50–54 | 4,2 | 4,5 | 4,4 |
| 55–59 | 3,4 | 3,7 | 3,5 |
| 60–64 | 3,4 | 3,3 | 3,4 |
| 65–69 | 2,0 | 1,9 | 1,9 |
| 70–74 | 1,4 | 1,3 | 1,3 |
| 75–79 | 0,6 | 0,5 | 0,5 |
| 80+ | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,6 |
| Age group | Male (%) | Female (%) | Total (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 36,9 | 33,6 | 35,3 |
| 15–64 | 58,6 | 62,1 | 60,4 |
| 65+ | 4,5 | 4,3 | 4,3 |
[ Population estimates by sex and age group (1 January 2015):
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 5 168 230 | 4 791 812 | 9 960 042 | 11,3 |
| 5–9 | 4 790 338 | 4 456 493 | 9 246 831 | 10,5 |
| 10–14 | 4 279 072 | 4 013 008 | 8 292 080 | 9,4 |
| 15–19 | 4 367 988 | 4 131 991 | 8 499 979 | 9,7 |
| 20–24 | 4 623 621 | 4 424 043 | 9 047 664 | 10,3 |
| 25–29 | 4 334 645 | 4 175 258 | 8 509 903 | 9,7 |
| 30–34 | 3 456 601 | 3 364 004 | 6 820 605 | 7,8 |
| 35–39 | 2 711 932 | 2 639 282 | 5 351 214 | 6,1 |
| 40–44 | 2 422 954 | 2 379 682 | 4 802 636 | 5,5 |
| 45–49 | 2 222 893 | 2 184 980 | 4 407 873 | 5,0 |
| 50–54 | 1 922 803 | 1 903 745 | 3 826 548 | 4,4 |
| 55–59 | 1 567 139 | 1 557 610 | 3 124 749 | 3,6 |
| 60–64 | 1 144 789 | 1 146 574 | 2 291 363 | 2,6 |
| 65–69 | 800 241 | 811 254 | 1 611 495 | 1,8 |
| 70–74 | 522 379 | 540 837 | 1 063 216 | 1,2 |
| 75+ | 544 608 | 562 470 | 1 107 078 | 1,3 |
| Total | 44 880 233 | 43 083 043 | 87 963 276 | 100 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 14 237 640 | 13 261 313 | 27 498 953 | 31,26 |
| 15–64 | 28 775 365 | 27 907 169 | 56 682 534 | 64,44 |
| 65+ | 1 867 228 | 1 914 561 | 3 781 789 | 4,30 |
Historical and present population distribution:
| Age group | 1 January 2015 | 1 July 2013 | 1 January 2013 | 1 July 2012 | 1 July 2010 | 2006 | 1996 | 1986 | 1976 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–14 | 31.26 (27,498,953) | 31.09 (26,313,927) | 31.1 (26,014,000) | 31.1 (25,592,000) | 31.7 (24,979,000) | 31.7 | 37.8 | 40.1 | 40 |
| 15–64 | 64.44 (56,682,534) | 64.50 (54,582,985) | 64.49 (53,959,000) | 64.48 (53,085,000) | 64.6 (50,805,000) | 64.6 | 58.7 | 56.6 | 56.4 |
| 65+ | 4.30 (3,781,789) | 4.41 (3,732,070) | 4.41 (3,688,000) | 4.42 (3,628,000) | 3.7 (2,944,000) | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.6 |
Urban and rural population
Figures from CAPMAS:[11]
Population projections
The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) had released high/medium/low population projections for 2011–2031 based on Final Results of 2006 Population Census.[11] The 2020 high variant was 92.6 million, the medium was 91.0 million, and the low was 90.0 million. The 2030 high variant is 104.4 million, the medium is 101.7 million, and the low is 99.8 million. However the information could be misleading as the 2013 population figure of 84.6 million is higher than the projected high of 83 million. In fact, due to an unexpected rise in the fertility rate (from 3.0 to 3.5), the population already surpassed 91 million on 5 June 2016 while reaching 92 million on 30 November, average population age remaining stable despite a rising life expectancy. Furthermore, as of 2022, the population of Egypt reached 111 million, which is a figure even higher than what is projected for 2030.
Vital statistics
Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[12]
- One birth every 12 seconds
- One death every 52 seconds
- One net migrant every 13 minutes
- Net gain of one person every 17 seconds
Template:Sticky-headerTemplate:Sort underTemplate:Table alignment
| Midyear population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration rate (per 1000) | Total fertility rate[16] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1934 | 15,449,000 | 651,663 | 429,851 | 221,812 | 42.2 | 27.8 | 14.4 | 6.08 | |
| 1935 | 15,624,000 | 645,760 | 412,197 | 233,563 | 41.3 | 26.4 | 14.9 | -3.7 | 5.97 |
| 1936 | 15,801,000 | 698,186 | 455,832 | 242,354 | 44.2 | 28.8 | 15.3 | -4.1 | 5.95 |
| 1937 | 16,009,000 | 694,086 | 434,208 | 259,878 | 43.4 | 27.1 | 16.2 | -3.2 | 5.93 |
| 1938 | 16,300,000 | 704,376 | 429,248 | 275,128 | 43.2 | 26.3 | 16.9 | 1.0 | 5.91 |
| 1939 | 16,598,000 | 696,746 | 429,033 | 267,713 | 42.0 | 25.8 | 16.1 | 1.9 | 5.90 |
| 1940 | 16,900,000 | 697,700 | 444,448 | 253,252 | 41.3 | 26.3 | 15.0 | 2.9 | 5.88 |
| 1941 | 17,208,000 | 695,016 | 440,981 | 254,035 | 40.4 | 25.6 | 14.8 | 3.1 | 5.92 |
| 1942 | 17,522,000 | 658,324 | 494,358 | 163,966 | 37.6 | 28.2 | 9.4 | 8.5 | 5.97 |
| 1943 | 17,842,000 | 689,771 | 492,644 | 197,127 | 38.7 | 27.6 | 11.0 | 6.9 | 6.01 |
| 1944 | 18,167,000 | 722,166 | 472,234 | 249,932 | 39.8 | 26.0 | 13.8 | 4.1 | 6.05 |
| 1945 | 18,498,000 | 787,502 | 512,003 | 275,499 | 42.6 | 27.7 | 14.9 | 3.0 | 6.10 |
| 1946 | 18,835,000 | 776,000 | 484,000 | 292,000 | 41.2 | 25.7 | 15.5 | 2.4 | 6.21 |
| 1947 | 19,197,000 | 834,557 | 408,577 | 425,980 | 43.5 | 21.3 | 22.2 | -3.3 | 6.32 |
| 1948 | 19,529,000 | 832,728 | 397,976 | 434,752 | 42.6 | 20.4 | 22.3 | -5.3 | 6.43 |
| 1949 | 19,989,000 | 831,310 | 410,524 | 420,786 | 41.6 | 20.5 | 21.1 | 1.9 | 6.54 |
| 1950 | 21,514,000 | 904,941 | 388,944 | 515,997 | 44.2 | 19.0 | 25.2 | 45.7 | 6.65 |
| 1951 | 22,020,000 | 934,584 | 402,158 | 532,426 | 44.6 | 19.2 | 25.4 | -2.4 | 6.66 |
| 1952 | 22,562,000 | 969,443 | 380,633 | 588,810 | 45.2 | 17.8 | 27.5 | -3.5 | 6.69 |
| 1953 | 23,138,000 | 934,830 | 429,097 | 505,733 | 42.6 | 19.6 | 23.0 | 1.9 | 6.71 |
| 1954 | 23,747,000 | 957,158 | 401,306 | 555,852 | 42.6 | 17.9 | 24.7 | 0.9 | 6.72 |
| 1955 | 24,387,000 | 926,500 | 405,663 | 520,837 | 40.3 | 17.6 | 22.7 | 3.5 | 6.73 |
| 1956 | 25,057,000 | 958,880 | 384,974 | 573,906 | 40.7 | 16.4 | 24.4 | 2.3 | 6.74 |
| 1957 | 25,756,000 | 914,494 | 429,512 | 484,982 | 38.0 | 17.8 | 20.1 | 7.0 | 6.74 |
| 1958 | 26,480,000 | 1,013,743 | 409,197 | 604,546 | 41.1 | 16.6 | 24.5 | 2.8 | 6.74 |
| 1959 | 27,228,000 | 1,078,947 | 411,188 | 667,759 | 42.8 | 16.3 | 26.5 | 1.0 | 6.73 |
| 1960 | 27,998,000 | 1,113,888 | 437,822 | 676,066 | 43.0 | 16.9 | 26.1 | 1.4 | 6.72 |
| 1961 | 28,786,000 | 1,166,620 | 420,158 | 746,462 | 43.9 | 15.8 | 28.1 | -0.7 | 6.70 |
| 1962 | 29,591,000 | 1,125,798 | 486,699 | 639,099 | 41.3 | 17.9 | 23.4 | 3.8 | 6.67 |
| 1963 | 30,410,000 | 1,196,388 | 431,673 | 764,715 | 42.8 | 15.4 | 27.4 | -0.5 | 7.65 |
| 1964 | 31,242,000 | 1,205,785 | 449,375 | 756,410 | 42.1 | 15.7 | 26.4 | 0.2 | 6.62 |
| 1965 | 32,084,000 | 1,220,658 | 411,636 | 809,022 | 41.5 | 14.0 | 27.5 | -1.3 | 6.58 |
| 1966 | 32,937,000 | 1,234,976 | 477,021 | 757,955 | 41.0 | 15.8 | 25.1 | 0.8 | 6.53 |
| 1967 | 33,799,000 | 1,210,214 | 440,161 | 770,053 | 39.2 | 14.2 | 24.9 | 0.6 | 6.47 |
| 1968 | 34,660,000 | 1,206,585 | 509,430 | 697,155 | 38.1 | 16.1 | 22.0 | 2.8 | 6.40 |
| 1969 | 35,511,000 | 1,197,245 | 468,017 | 729,228 | 36.8 | 14.4 | 22.4 | 1.6 | 6.42 |
| 1970 | 36,342,000 | 1,161,539 | 500,626 | 660,913 | 34.9 | 15.0 | 19.8 | 3.1 | 6.23 |
| 1971 | 37,152,000 | 1,186,350 | 445,192 | 741,158 | 34.8 | 13.1 | 21.8 | 0 | 6.14 |
| 1972 | 37,945,000 | 1,187,286 | 499,628 | 687,658 | 34.1 | 14.3 | 19.7 | 1.2 | 7.06 |
| 1973 | 38,734,000 | 1,259,004 | 459,816 | 799,188 | 35.3 | 12.9 | 22.4 | -2.0 | 5.97 |
| 1974 | 39,534,000 | 1,287,614 | 457,620 | 829,994 | 35.4 | 12.6 | 22.8 | -2.6 | 5.90 |
| 1975 | 40,359,000 | 1,331,799 | 456,041 | 875,758 | 36.0 | 12.3 | 23.7 | -3.3 | 5.83 |
| 1976 | 41,213,000 | 1,378,917 | 444,228 | 934,689 | 36.4 | 11.7 | 24.7 | -4.0 | 5.78 |
| 1977 | 42,094,000 | 1,447,402 | 457,558 | 989,844 | 37.3 | 11.8 | 25.5 | -4.6 | 5.73 |
| 1978 | 43,006,000 | 1,479,698 | 415,605 | 1,064,093 | 37.2 | 10.5 | 26.8 | -5.8 | 5.68 |
| 1979 | 43,951,000 | 1,633,674 | 444,753 | 1,188,921 | 40.0 | 10.9 | 29.1 | -7.6 | 5.64 |
| 1980 | 44,932,000 | 1,569,247 | 421,227 | 1,148,020 | 37.3 | 10.0 | 27.3 | -5.5 | 5.60 |
| 1981 | 45,946,000 | 1,593,698 | 432,264 | 1,161,434 | 36.8 | 10.0 | 26.8 | -4,7 | 5.57 |
| 1982 | 46,991,000 | 1,601,265 | 441,621 | 1,159,644 | 34.1 | 9.4 | 24.7 | -2.5 | 5.53 |
| 1983 | 48,072,000 | 1,666,915 | 412,700 | 1,254,215 | 34.7 | 8.6 | 26.1 | -3.6 | 5.49 |
| 1984 | 49,190,000 | 1,797,206 | 400,600 | 1,396,606 | 36.5 | 8.1 | 28.4 | 4.9 | 5.44 |
| 1985 | 50,347,000 | 1,903,022 | 442,258 | 1,460,764 | 37.8 | 8.8 | 29.0 | -6.0 | 5.38 |
| 1986 | 51,545,000 | 1,907,975 | 455,888 | 1,452,087 | 37.0 | 8.8 | 28.2 | -5.0 | 5.29 |
| 1987 | 52,777,000 | 1,902,604 | 466,161 | 1,436,443 | 36.0 | 8.8 | 27.2 | -3.9 | 5.18 |
| 1988 | 54,011,000 | 1,912,765 | 427,018 | 1,485,747 | 35.4 | 7.9 | 27.5 | -4.7 | 4.4 |
| 1989 | 55,207,000 | 1,722,934 | 414,214 | 1,308,720 | 31.2 | 7.5 | 23.7 | -2.0 | |
| 1990 | 51,911,000 | 1,687,000 | 393,250 | 1,293,750 | 32.5 | 7.6 | 24.9 | -88.4 | |
| 1991 | 52,985,000 | 1,636,551 | 391,588 | 1,244,963 | 30.9 | 7.4 | 23.5 | -3.2 | 4.1 |
| 1992 | 54,082,000 | 1,496,866 | 382,465 | 1,114,401 | 27.7 | 7.1 | 20.6 | -0.3 | |
| 1993 | 55,201,000 | 1,600,549 | 380,000 | 1,220,549 | 29.0 | 6.9 | 22.1 | -1.8 | |
| 1994 | 56,344,000 | 1,610,652 | 385,296 | 1,225,356 | 28.6 | 6.8 | 21.7 | -1.4 | |
| 1995 | 57,642,000 | 1,604,835 | 384,548 | 1,220,287 | 27.8 | 6.7 | 21.2 | 1.3 | 3.6 |
| 1996 | 58,835,000 | 1,662,065 | 379,983 | 1,282,082 | 28.2 | 6.5 | 21.8 | -1.5 | |
| 1997 | 60,053,000 | 1,654,695 | 389,301 | 1,265,394 | 27.6 | 6.5 | 21.1 | -0.8 | 3.3 |
| 1998 | 61,296,000 | 1,687,252 | 399,772 | 1,287,480 | 27.5 | 6.5 | 21.0 | -0.7 | 3.4 |
| 1999 | 62,565,000 | 1,693,025 | 401,433 | 1,291,592 | 27.1 | 6.4 | 20.6 | -0.3 | |
| 2000 | 63,860,000 | 1,751,854 | 404,699 | 1,347,155 | 27.4 | 6.3 | 21.1 | -0.8 | 3.5 |
| 2001 | 65,182,000 | 1,741,308 | 404,531 | 1,336,777 | 26.7 | 6.2 | 20.5 | -0.2 | |
| 2002 | 66,628,000 | 1,766,589 | 424,034 | 1,342,555 | 26.5 | 6.4 | 20.2 | 1.5 | |
| 2003 | 67,965,000 | 1,777,418 | 440,149 | 1,337,269 | 26.2 | 6.5 | 19.7 | 0 | 3.2 |
| 2004 | 69,304,000 | 1,779,500 | 440,790 | 1,338,710 | 25.7 | 6.4 | 19.3 | 0 | |
| 2005 | 70,653,000 | 1,800,972 | 450,646 | 1,350,326 | 25.5 | 6.4 | 19.1 | 0 | 3.1 |
| 2006 | 72,009,000 | 1,853,746 | 451,863 | 1,401,883 | 25.7 | 6.3 | 19.5 | -0.7 | |
| 2007 | 74,828,000 | 1,949,569 | 450,596 | 1,498,973 | 26.5 | 6.1 | 20.4 | 17.3 | |
| 2008 | 76,651,000 | 2,050,704 | 461,934 | 1,588,770 | 27.4 | 5.9 | 21.5 | 2.3 | 3.0 |
| 2009 | 78,522,000 | 2,217,409 | 476,592 | 1,740,817 | 28.8 | 6.2 | 22.6 | 1.2 | |
| 2010 | 80,443,000 | 2,261,409 | 483,385 | 1,778,024 | 28.7 | 6.1 | 22.6 | 1.3 | |
| 2011 | 82,410,000 | 2,442,094 | 493,086 | 1,949,008 | 30.3 | 6.1 | 24.2 | -0.3 | |
| 2012 | 84,418,000 | 2,629,769 | 529,247 | 2,100,522 | 31.9 | 6.4 | 25.5 | -1.7 | |
| 2013 | 86,460,000 | 2,621,902 | 511,000 | 2,110,719 | 31.0 | 6.0 | 25.0 | -1.4 | |
| 2014 | 88,530,000 | 2,720,495 | 531,864 | 2,188,631 | 31.3 | 6.1 | 25.2 | -1.8 | 3.5 |
| 2015 | 90,624,000 | 2,685,276 | 573,129 | 2,123,102 | 30.2 | 6.5 | 23.7 | -0.6 | 3.4 |
| 2016 | 92,737,000 | 2,600,173 | 556,148 | 2,044,025 | 28.6 | 6.1 | 22.5 | 0.3 | 3.25 |
| 2017 | 95,203,000 | 2,557,400 | 547,200 | 1,971,115 | 26.8 | 5.6 | 21.2 | 4.7 | 3.12 |
| 2018 | 97,147,000 | 2,382,362 | 560,308 | 1,822,054 | 24.5 | 5.8 | 18.7 | 1.3 | 3.0 |
| 2019 | 98,902,000 | 2,304,800 | 570,600 | 1,734,200 | 23.3 | 5.8 | 17.5 | 0.2 | 3.009 |
| 2020 | 100,617,000 | 2,235,300 | 664,800 | 1,570,500 | 22.2 | 6.6 | 15.6 | 1.3 | 2.885 |
| 2021 | 102,061,000 | 2,184,605 | 741,900 | 1,442,705 | 21.4 | 7.3 | 14.1 | 0.2 | 2.796 |
| 2022 | 103,605,000 | 2,193,001 | 601,781 | 1,591,220 | 21.2 | 5.8 | 15.4 | -0.5 | 2.761 |
| 2023 | 105,174,000 | 2,044,891[17] | 582,791 | 1,462,100 | 19.4 | 5.5 | 13.9 | -5.8 | 2.537 |
| 2024[18] | 106,556,000 | 1,968,396 | 611,421 | 1,356,975 | 18.5 | 5.7 | 12.8 | 0.3 | 2.412 |
| 2025 | 1,944,700 | 610,600 | 1,334,100 |
Current vital statistics
| Period | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase |
|---|---|---|---|
| January—March 2025 | 455,400 | 166,000 | +289,400 |
| January—March 2026 | 499,600 | 167,900 | +331,700 |
| Difference | Increase +44,200 (+9.71%) | Template:Increasenegative +1,900 (+1.14%) | Increase +42,300 |
| Source:[19][20][21] | |||
Fertility rate
Fertility rate (TFR) (wanted fertility rate) and CBR (crude birth rate):[22]
| Year | total | urban | rural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | |
| 1992 | 29,7 | 3,93 (2,7) | 23,3 | 2,92 (2,0) | 35,0 | 4,91 (3,4) |
| 1995 | 28,0 | 3,63 (2,6) | 23,9 | 3,01 (2,2) | 31,4 | 4,19 (2,9) |
| 1997 | 3,3 | 2,7 | 3,7 | |||
| 1998 | 27 | 3,4 | 23 | 2,8 | 31 | 3,9 |
| 2000 | 27,8 | 3,53 (2,9) | 24,8 | 3,09 (2,6) | 30,1 | 3,88 (3,1) |
| 2003 | 26,3 | 3,2 (2,5) | 21,7 | 2,6 (2,1) | 29,8 | 3,6 (2,9) |
| 2005 | 27,1 | 3,1 (2,3) | 23,6 | 2,7 (2,1) | 29,6 | 3,4 (2,5) |
| 2008 | 26,6 | 3,0 (2,4) | 23,3 | 2,7 (2,2) | 29,1 | 3,2 (2,5) |
| 2014 | 29,1 | 3,5 (2,8) | 23,3 | 2,9 (2,4) | 32,7 | 3,8 |
| 2019 | 2,87 | |||||
| 2024 | 2,41 | |||||
| Years | 1860 | 1861 | 1862 | 1863 | 1864 | 1865 | 1866 | 1867 | 1868 | 1869[23] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.04 |
| Years | 1870 | 1871 | 1872 | 1873 | 1874 | 1875 | 1876 | 1877 | 1878 | 1879[23] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.04 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 |
| Years | 1880 | 1881 | 1882 | 1883 | 1884 | 1885 | 1886 | 1887 | 1888 | 1889[23] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 |
| Years | 1890 | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 | 1895 | 1896 | 1897 | 1898 | 1899[23] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 |
| Years | 1900 | 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 | 1906 | 1907 | 1908 | 1909[23] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Egypt | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.02 | 6.02 | 6.02 | 6.02 | 6.02 |
| Years | 1910 | 1911 | 1912 | 1913 | 1914 | 1915 | 1916 | 1917 | 1918 | 1919[23] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Egypt | 6.02 | 6.02 | 6.02 | 5.99 | 5.97 | 5.94 | 5.97 | 5.99 | 6.02 | 6.05 |
| Years | 1920 | 1921 | 1922 | 1923 | 1924 | 1925 | 1926 | 1927 | 1928 | 1929[23] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Fertility Rate in Egypt | 6.08 | 6.08 | 6.07 | 6.07 | 6.07 | 6.07 | 6.15 | 6.24 | 6.33 | 6.42 |
Life expectancy
Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[24]
| Period | Life expectancy in Years |
Period | Life expectancy in Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1950–1955 | 41.1 | 1985–1990 | 63.5 |
| 1955–1960 | 46.4 | 1990–1995 | 65.4 |
| 1960–1965 | 49.3 | 1995–2000 | 68.0 |
| 1965–1970 | 51.6 | 2000–2005 | 69.0 |
| 1970–1975 | 53.0 | 2005–2010 | 69.9 |
| 1975–1980 | 56.8 | 2010–2015 | 70.8 |
| 1980–1985 | 59.9 |
Demographics by Governorate
Template:Map of Egypt's governorates
Urban and Rural Population of Governorates
Data taken from CAPMAS:[25]
| Governorate | % Urban | Population (2017) | Rural | Urban |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexandria | Template:Percentage bar | 5,163,750 | 68,293 | 5,095,457 |
| Aswan | Template:Percentage bar | 1,473,975 | 868,820 | 605,155 |
| Asyut | Template:Percentage bar | 4,383,289 | 3,248,225 | 1,135,064 |
| Beheira | Template:Percentage bar | 6,171,613 | 5,050,630 | 1,120,983 |
| Beni Suef | Template:Percentage bar | 3,154,100 | 2,438,134 | 715,966 |
| Cairo | Template:Percentage bar | 9,539,673 | 0 | 9,539,673 |
| Dakahlia | Template:Percentage bar | 6,492,381 | 4,656,592 | 1,835,789 |
| Damietta | Template:Percentage bar | 1,496,765 | 907,542 | 589,223 |
| Faiyum | Template:Percentage bar | 3,596,954 | 2,768,329 | 828,625 |
| Gharbia | Template:Percentage bar | 4,999,633 | 3,594,336 | 1,405,297 |
| Giza | Template:Percentage bar | 8,632,021 | 3,365,818 | 5,266,203 |
| Ismailia | Template:Percentage bar | 1,303,993 | 724,046 | 579,947 |
| Kafr el-Sheikh | Template:Percentage bar | 3,362,185 | 2,557,058 | 805,127 |
| Luxor | Template:Percentage bar | 1,250,209 | 744,669 | 505,540 |
| Matruh | Template:Percentage bar | 425,624 | 158,546 | 267,078 |
| Minya | Template:Percentage bar | 5,497,095 | 4,507,931 | 989,164 |
| Monufia | Template:Percentage bar | 4,301,601 | 3,410,855 | 890,746 |
| New Valley | Template:Percentage bar | 241,247 | 130,253 | 110,994 |
| North Sinai | Template:Percentage bar | 450,328 | 167,217 | 283,111 |
| Port Said | Template:Percentage bar | 749,371 | 0 | 749,371 |
| Qalyubia | Template:Percentage bar | 5,627,420 | 3,224,929 | 2,402,491 |
| Qena | Template:Percentage bar | 3,164,281 | 2,569,795 | 594,486 |
| Red Sea | Template:Percentage bar | 359,888 | 12,516 | 347,372 |
| Sharqia | Template:Percentage bar | 7,163,824 | 5,422,698 | 1,741,126 |
| Sohag | Template:Percentage bar | 4,967,409 | 3,913,109 | 1,054,300 |
| South Sinai | Template:Percentage bar | 102,018 | 48,079 | 53,939 |
| Suez | Template:Percentage bar | 728,180 | 0 | 728,180 |
| Total | Template:Percentage bar | 94,798,827 | 54,558,420 | 40,240,407 |
Population density by governorate
As of 1 July 2014; data taken from CAPMAS:[25] Information for population is in thousands, pop density – persons/km2 and area is in km2.
| Governorate | Population in thousands | Pop. density | % inhabited to total | Inhabited area | Total area | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| inhabited area | total area | |||||
| Alexandria | 4,761 | 2,841.5 | 2,070.0 | Template:Percentage bar | 1,675.50 | 2,300.00 |
| Aswan | 1,412 | 13,477.1 | 22.5 | Template:Percentage bar | 104.77 | 62,726.00 |
| Asyut | 4,181 | 2,656.3 | 161.3 | Template:Percentage bar | 1,574.00 | 25,926.00 |
| Beheira | 5,720 | 806.3 | 582.1 | Template:Percentage bar | 7,093.84 | 9,826.00 |
| Beni Suef | 2,812 | 2,053.4 | 256.7 | Template:Percentage bar | 1,369.41 | 10,954.00 |
| Cairo | 9,184 | 48,235.3 | 2,976.8 | Template:Percentage bar | 190.40 | 3,085.12 |
| Dakahlia | 5,881 | 1,662.1 | 1,662.1 | Template:Percentage bar | 3,538.23 | 3,538.23 |
| Damietta | 1,316 | 1,968.7 | 1,445.7 | Template:Percentage bar | 668.47 | 910.26 |
| Faiyum | 3,118 | 1,680.0 | 513.8 | Template:Percentage bar | 1,856.00 | 6,068.00 |
| Gharbia | 4,698 | 2,418.7 | 2,418.7 | Template:Percentage bar | 1,942.34 | 1,942.34 |
| Giza | 7,487 | 6,286.3 | 567.9 | Template:Percentage bar | 1,191.00 | 13,184.00 |
| Ismailia | 1,162 | 229.3 | 229.3 | Template:Percentage bar | 5,066.97 | 5,066.97 |
| Kafr el-Sheikh | 3,132 | 903.5 | 903.5 | Template:Percentage bar | 3,466.69 | 3,466.69 |
| Luxor | 1,132 | 4,992.7 | 469.8 | Template:Percentage bar | 226.73 | 2,409.68 |
| Matruh | 437 | 111.4 | 2.6 | Template:Percentage bar | 3,921.40 | 166,563.00 |
| Minya | 5,076 | 2,104.8 | 157.3 | Template:Percentage bar | 2,411.65 | 32,279.00 |
| Monufia | 3,890 | 1,596.9 | 1,556.6 | Template:Percentage bar | 2,435.93 | 2,499.00 |
| New Valley | 222 | 205.1 | 0.5 | Template:Percentage bar | 1,082.24 | 440,098.00 |
| North Sinai | 428 | 203.7 | 14.8 | Template:Percentage bar | 2,100.84 | 28,992.00 |
| Port Said | 660 | 499.7 | 490.7 | Template:Percentage bar | 1,320.68 | 1,344.96 |
| Qalyubia | 5,044 | 4,702.1 | 4,486.4 | Template:Percentage bar | 1,072.72 | 1,124.28 |
| Qena | 3,001 | 1,724.1 | 277.9 | Template:Percentage bar | 1,740.63 | 10,798.00 |
| Red Sea | 341 | 4,794.0 | 2.9 | Template:Percentage bar | 71.13 | 119,099.13 |
| Sharqia | 6,402 | 1,343.7 | 1,303.6 | Template:Percentage bar | 4,764.28 | 4,911.00 |
| Sohag | 4,536 | 2,845.8 | 411.5 | Template:Percentage bar | 1,593.92 | 11,022.00 |
| South Sinai | 166 | 9.9 | 5.3 | Template:Percentage bar | 16,791.00 | 31,272.00 |
| Suez | 615 | 68.3 | 68.3 | Template:Percentage bar | 9,002.21 | 9,002.21 |
| Total | 86,814 | 1109.1 | 85.9 | Template:Percentage bar | 78272.98 | 1010407.87 |
Ethnic groups
The CIA World Factbook lists Egyptians as 99.7%, and "other" as 0.3% (2006 census).[26] "Other" refers to people who are not citizens of Egypt, who come to Egypt to work for international companies, diplomats, etc.
The vast majority of the population of Egypt consists of Egyptians including Copts, the native Egyptians make up 95% of the population.[26] The vast majority of Egyptians are speakers of the Egyptian Arabic dialect.
Minorities in Egypt include the Berber-speaking community of the Siwa Oasis (Siwis) and the Nubian people clustered along the Nile in the southernmost part of Egypt. There are also sizable minorities of Beja in the eastern desert and Dom.
The country was also host to many different communities during the European occupation period, including Greeks, Italians, and also from war-torn areas; the Lebanese, Syro-Lebanese, and other minority groups like Jews, Armenians, Turks and Albanians, though most either left or were compelled to leave after political developments in the 1950s. The country still hosts some 90,000 refugees and asylum seekers, mostly Palestinians and Sudanese.
Other sources give more detailed statistics, including the Beja (ca. 88,000), the Nubians (ca. 300,000 in 1996), Dom (ca. 230,000 in 1996), Berbers (Siwis) (ca. 5,000).[27]
In its latest assessment of migratory presences in Egypt, IOM has revealed that the current number of international migrants residing in Egypt is 9,012,582, equivalent to 8.7% of the Egyptian population.[28][29] This migrant population is made up of people from 133 countries, among whom the largest groups are Sudanese (4 million), Syrians (1.5 million), Yemenis (1 million) and Libyans (1 million). These four nationalities make up 80% of the international migrants currently residing in the country.[28][29][30][31] In 2023, EU's Josep Borrell, then the High Representative/Vice-President, estimated that refugees in Egypt make up 10% of the total population of the country.[32]
Languages
Arabic is the official language of Egypt, with the vast majority of Egyptians speaking Egyptian Arabic. In The Upper Nile valley regions, Sa'idi Arabic is prevalent. The Coptic language is still used in the Coptic church for the majority of prayers, hymns, masses, and meditations. English is widely understood. Siwa language is used in ethnic Berber tribal areas in the western desert (Siwa), and Nubian language is widely used among the ethnic Nubians in the southern areas.
Religions
According to the CIA World Factbook, 90% of the population is Muslim and 10% is Christian (majority Coptic Orthodox, other Christians include Armenian Apostolic, Catholic, Maronite, Orthodox, and Anglican).[lower-alpha 1]
- Muslim 90%[26] (mostly Sunni)
- Christianity 10%[lower-alpha 1]
- Baháʼí: fewer than 2,000 individuals (< 0.003%)[citation needed]
- Judaism: ~12 individuals (mostly elderly people)[39]
Egyptians abroad
Egyptians have a long history of mobility, primarily across the Arab world, but emigration became much more popular once it was recognised as a right in the 1971 Constitution.[40] According to the International Organization for Migration, an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad and contribute actively to the development of their country through remittances (US$7.8 billion in 2009), circulation of human and social capital, as well as investment. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in Arab countries (923,600 in Saudi Arabia, 332,600 in Libya, 226,850 in Jordan, 190,550 in Kuwait with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30% are living mostly North America (318,000 in the United States, 110,000 in Canada) and Europe (90,000 in Italy).[41]
Genetics
Autosomal DNA
Almarri, Mohamed A et al. (2021) analyzed present-day Middle-Eastern groups. They modelled the components of a sample from Egypt as being made up of four ancient populations: 50% Natufian, 31% Iran Neolithic, 12% Mota, and 7% Eastern Hunter Gatherer.[42]
mtDNA
Saunier, Jessica et al. (2009) sequenced mitogenomes from 277 unrelated Egyptian individuals. The results showed that 20.6% of the Egyptian mtDNA chromosomes were of Sub-Saharan African origin, while 79.4% were of West Eurasian.[43]
Y-DNA
Listed here are some of the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups in Egypt, according to Bekada, Asmahan et al. (2013).[44]
| Haplogroup | n | A | B | E1a | E1b1a | E1b1b1 | E1b1b1a | E1b1b1a1 | E1b1b1a1b | E1b1b1a2 | E1b1b1a3 | E1b1b1a4 | E1b1b1b | E1b1b1c | F | G | I | J1 | J2 | K | L | O | P, R | Q | R1a | R1b1a | R1b1b | R2 | T |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marker | M33 | M2 | M35 | M78 | V12 | V32 | V13 | V22 | V65 | M81 | M34 | M89 | M201 | V88 | M269 | M70 | |||||||||||||
| Egypt | 370 | 1.35 | – | 0.54 | 2.43 | 3.24 | 0.81 | 7.03 | 1.62 | 0.81 | 9.19 | 2.43 | 11.89 | 6.76 | 1.08 | 5.68 | 0.54 | 20.81 | 6.75 | 0.27 | 0.81 | 0.27 | 0.54 | 0.27 | 2.16 | 2.97 | 2.97 | 0.54 | 6.22 |
See also
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 In 2017, the Wall Street Journal reported that "the vast majority of Egypt's estimated 9.5 million Christians, approximately 10% of the country's population, are Orthodox Copts."[34] In 2019, the Associated Press cited an estimate of 10 million Copts in Egypt.[35] In 2015, the Wall Street Journal reported: "The Egyptian government estimates about 5 million Copts, but the Coptic Orthodox Church says 15–18 million. Reliable numbers are hard to find but estimates suggest they make up somewhere between 6% and 18% of the population."[36] In 2004, BBC News reported that Copts were 5–10% of the Egyptian population.[37] The CIA World Factbook reported a 2015 estimate that 10% of the Egyptian population is Christian (including both Copts and non-Copts).[26]
References
- ↑ "الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء". www.capmas.gov.eg. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- ↑ "Population - the World Factbook". Archived from the original on 15 January 2026.
- ↑ "Egypt Facts". National Geographic.
- ↑ "population clock". Egypt Central Agency for Public Mobilization And Statistics. Archived from the original on 6 February 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
- ↑ Korotayev A., Zinkina J. Egyptian Revolution: A Demographic Structural Analysis. Entelequia. Revista Interdisciplinar 13 (2011): 139–169.
- ↑ "The long-term economic challenges Egypt must overcome". Marketplace. 1 February 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedauto - ↑ CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Archived 21 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine Population 1971–2008 (pdf Archived 6 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 p. 57)
- ↑ "Publication Name:Population". Archived from the original on 25 May 2013. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ↑ "Demographic and Health Survey 2014" (PDF). DHS. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Statistical Yearbook – Population". 20 May 2015. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ↑ "Egypt Population 2012", World Population Review
- ↑ "Demographic Yearbook 2019". United Nations.
- ↑ "الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء". www.capmas.gov.eg.
- ↑ "Unknown". Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2015. Cite uses generic title (help)
- ↑ "Total fertility rate: births per woman - Our World in Data". 24 March 2025. Archived from the original on 24 March 2025. Retrieved 16 May 2025.
- ↑ "Births and Deaths Statement". CAPMAS. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
- ↑ "Egypt birth rate falls below 2 mln threshold for 1st time since 2007 - Society - Egypt". Ahram Online.
- ↑ "الجهاز المركزي للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء". www.capmas.gov.eg.
- ↑ "Egypt's population growth rate drops to 1.4 percent in four years: Gov't spox". Ahram Online. 2 June 2024.
- ↑ "اÙجÙاز اÙÙ
رÙز٠ÙÙتعبئة اÙعاÙ
Ø© ÙاÙØ¥Øصاء". www.capmas.gov.eg. Retrieved 26 May 2026. C1 control character in
|title=at position 4 (help) - ↑ "The DHS Program - Survey Search". www.dhsprogram.com.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 Our World in Data. "Children born per woman". Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2026.
- ↑ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". esa.un.org. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Egypt in Figures 2017". CAPMAS. Archived from the original on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 "Egypt". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 14 December 2021. Archived from the original on 4 January 2021.
- ↑ "2.2 million and extend into Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea", refworld.com
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Who are the 5 million refugees and immigrants in Egypt?". brookings.edu. 4 October 2016.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 "IOM Egypt estimates the current number of international migrants living in Egypt to 9 million people originating from 133 countries - Egypt | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 17 August 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ Al-Abasi, Qabool (18 December 2020). "The Struggle Far From Home: Yemeni Refugees in Cairo". Sana'a Center For Strategic Studies. Retrieved 1 August 2025.
- ↑ "IOM Egypt estimates the current number of international migrants living in Egypt to 9 million people originating from 133 countries". International Organization for Migration. 22 May 2025. Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2025.
- ↑ "Egypt: Press remarks by High Representative/Vice-President Josep Borrell after meeting with Minister of Foreign Affairs Sameh Shoukry". EEAS.europa.eu. 22 May 2025. Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 22 May 2025.
- ↑ International Religious Freedom Report for 2014 US Department of State
- ↑ Francis X. Rocca & Dahlia Kholaif, Pope Francis Calls on Egypt’s Catholics to Embrace Forgiveness, Wall Street Journal (April 29, 2017).
- ↑ Noha Elhennawy, Egyptian woman fights unequal Islamic inheritance laws, Associated Press (November 15, 2019).
- ↑ "Five Things to Know About Egypt's Coptic Christians". Wall Street Journal. 16 February 2015.
- ↑ "Egyptian Coptic protesters freed". BBC News. 22 December 2004.
- ↑ "International Religious Freedom Report 2006 – Egypt". 15 September 2006.
- ↑ "Interviewing Egypt's Vanishing Jewish Community - Dartmouth". 3 November 2024.
- ↑ Tsourapas, Gerasimos (2019). The Politics of Migration in Modern Egypt: Strategies for Regime Survival in Autocracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108475549. OCLC 1080638597.
- ↑ "IOM Migration and Development in Egypt Facts and Figures" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
- ↑ Almarri, Mohamed A.; Haber, Marc; Lootah, Reem A.; Hallast, Pille; Al Turki, Saeed; Martin, Hilary C.; Xue, Yali; Tyler-Smith, Chris (2 September 2021). "The genomic history of the Middle East". Cell. 184 (18): 4612–4625.e14. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.07.013. ISSN 1097-4172. PMC 8445022. PMID 34352227.
- ↑ Saunier JL, Irwin JA, Strouss KM, Ragab H, Sturk KA, Parsons TJ (June 2009). "Mitochondrial control region sequences from an Egyptian population sample". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 3 (3): E97–E103. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.09.004. PMID 19414160.
- ↑ Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56775. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775
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