Enniskillen: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
imported>SdkbBot m →Association football: Fixed consecutive punctuation error and general fixes (task 3) |
imported>C11h15nO2 m →History: Fixed typo |
||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
| map_type = Northern Ireland | | map_type = Northern Ireland | ||
| coordinates = {{coord|54|20|41|N|07|38|20|W|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|54|20|41|N|07|38|20|W|display=inline,title}} | ||
| belfast_distance = {{convert| | | belfast_distance = {{convert|82|mi|km|0}} | ||
| population = 14,086 | | population = 14,086 | ||
| population_ref = ([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021 census]]) | | population_ref = ([[2021 United Kingdom census|2021 census]]) | ||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
| lieutenancy_northern_ireland = [[County Fermanagh]] | | lieutenancy_northern_ireland = [[County Fermanagh]] | ||
| website = [http://www.enniskillen.com/ www.enniskillen.com] | | website = [http://www.enniskillen.com/ www.enniskillen.com] | ||
| dublin_distance_mi = | | dublin_distance_mi = 107 | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Enniskillen''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|n|ᵻ|s|ˈ|k|ɪ|l|ən}} {{respell|EN|iss|KIL|ən}}, from {{langx|ga|Inis Ceithleann}}<ref name="logainm">{{Cite web |title=Inis Ceithleann/Enniskillen |url=https://www.logainm.ie/en/1167106 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731023128/https://www.logainm.ie/en/1167106 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |access-date=7 July 2020 |website=Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie) |publisher=[[Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht]] and [[Dublin City University]]}}</ref> {{IPAc-ga|'|i|n'|i|s'|-|'|k'|e|l'|@|N}}, '[[Cethlenn|Ceithlenn]]'s island') is the largest town in [[County Fermanagh]], Northern Ireland. It is in the middle of the county, between the Upper and Lower sections of [[Lough Erne]]. It had a population of 14,086 at the [[ | '''Enniskillen''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|n|ᵻ|s|ˈ|k|ɪ|l|ən}} {{respell|EN|iss|KIL|ən}}, from {{langx|ga|Inis Ceithleann}}<ref name="logainm">{{Cite web |title=Inis Ceithleann/Enniskillen |url=https://www.logainm.ie/en/1167106 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731023128/https://www.logainm.ie/en/1167106 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |access-date=7 July 2020 |website=Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie) |publisher=[[Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht]] and [[Dublin City University]]}}</ref> {{IPAc-ga|'|i|n'|i|s'|-|'|k'|e|l'|@|N}}, '[[Cethlenn|Ceithlenn]]'s island') is the largest town in [[County Fermanagh]], Northern Ireland. It is in the middle of the county, between the Upper and Lower sections of [[Lough Erne]]. It had a population of 14,086 at the [[2021 United Kingdom census|2021 census]].<ref name="2021 pop" /> [[Enniskillen Castle]] was built in the 15th century as a stronghold of the [[Maguire]]s, before coming under English control in the early 17th century. The castle and town were expanded during the [[Plantation of Ulster]]. It was the seat of local government for the former [[Fermanagh District Council]], and is the [[county town]] of Fermanagh. The town is in a [[Civil parishes in Ireland|civil parish]] of the same name.<ref name="logainm"/> | ||
==Toponymy== | ==Toponymy== | ||
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
|1991|11436 | |1991|11436 | ||
|2001|13560 | |2001|13560 | ||
|2011| | |2011|13823 | ||
|2021|14086 | |2021|14086 | ||
|footnote=<ref name="2021 | |footnote=<ref name="2021 pop"/><ref name="Census2011" /><ref name="Census2001b">{{cite web |url=https://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/PivotGrid.aspx?ds=4840&lh=69&yn=2001&sk=135&sn=Census%202001&yearfilter=2001 | title = Census 2001 Usually Resident Population: KS01 (Settlements) – Table view | page = 2 | publisher = [[Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency]] (NISRA) | access-date = 15 August 2019 | archive-date = 23 September 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210923152256/https://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/Home.aspx | url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.histpop.org/ohpr/servlet/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507023856/http://www.histpop.org/|url-status=dead|title=HISTPOP.ORG – Home|archive-date=7 May 2016|website=histpop.org}}</ref><ref>1813 estimate from Mason's Statistical Survey</ref><ref>For a discussion on the accuracy of [[Great Famine (Ireland)|pre-famine]] census returns see [[J. J. Lee (historian)|J. J. Lee]] "On the accuracy of the pre-famine Irish censuses Irish Population, Economy and Society edited by JM Goldstrom and LA Clarkson (1981) p54, in and also New Developments in Irish Population History, 1700-1850 by Joel Mokyr and [[Cormac Ó Gráda]] in The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol. 37, No. 4 (November 1984), pp. 473-88</ref><ref name="NI_Assembly">{{cite web |url=http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/globalassets/documents/raise/publications/2015/general/9915.pdf |title=NI Assembly: Key Statistics for Settlements, Census 2011 NIAR 404-15 |website=niassembly.gov.uk |date=2015-10-01 |access-date=2017-08-10 |archive-date=3 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403212608/http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/globalassets/documents/raise/publications/2015/general/9915.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | ||
The town's oldest building is [[Enniskillen Castle]], built by Hugh (Maguire) the Hospitable who died in 1428.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mary Rogers |title=Prospect of Fermanagh |publisher=Watergate Press, Enniskillen |year=1982}}</ref> An earthwork, the Skonce on the shore of [[Lough Erne]], may be the remains of an earlier [[Motte-and-bailey castle|motte]]. The castle was the stronghold of the junior branch of the [[Maguire (surname)|Maguire]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Maguires of Fermanagh |url=https://www.libraryireland.com/articles/MaguiresDuffysHibernian2-10/index.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424172301/https://www.libraryireland.com/articles/MaguiresDuffysHibernian2-10/index.php |archive-date=24 April 2019 |access-date=8 September 2019 |website=libraryireland.com}}</ref> The first [[Watergate (architecture)|watergate]] was built around 1580 by [[Cú Chonnacht Maguire]], though subsequent lowering of the level of the lough has left it without water. The strategic position of the castle made its capture important for the English in 1593, to support their plans for the control of [[Ulster]]. The castle was [[Siege of Enniskillen (1594)|besieged three times in 1594–95]]. The English, led by a Captain Dowdall, captured it in February 1594. Maguire then laid siege to it, and defeated a relieving force at the [[Battle of the Ford of the Biscuits]] at Drumane Bridge on the [[Arney River]]. Although the defenders were relieved, Maguire gained possession of the castle from 1595 to 1598 and it was not finally captured by the English until 1607. | The town's oldest building is [[Enniskillen Castle]], built by Hugh (Maguire) the Hospitable who died in 1428.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mary Rogers |title=Prospect of Fermanagh |publisher=Watergate Press, Enniskillen |year=1982}}</ref> An earthwork, the Skonce on the shore of [[Lough Erne]], may be the remains of an earlier [[Motte-and-bailey castle|motte]]. The castle was the stronghold of the junior branch of the [[Maguire (surname)|Maguire]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Maguires of Fermanagh |url=https://www.libraryireland.com/articles/MaguiresDuffysHibernian2-10/index.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424172301/https://www.libraryireland.com/articles/MaguiresDuffysHibernian2-10/index.php |archive-date=24 April 2019 |access-date=8 September 2019 |website=libraryireland.com}}</ref> The first [[Watergate (architecture)|watergate]] was built around 1580 by [[Cú Chonnacht Maguire]], though subsequent lowering of the level of the lough has left it without water. The strategic position of the castle made its capture important for the English in 1593, to support their plans for the control of [[Ulster]]. The castle was [[Siege of Enniskillen (1594)|besieged three times in 1594–95]]. The English, led by a Captain Dowdall, captured it in February 1594. Maguire then laid siege to it, and defeated a relieving force at the [[Battle of the Ford of the Biscuits]] at Drumane Bridge on the [[Arney River]]. Although the defenders were relieved, Maguire gained possession of the castle from 1595 to 1598 and it was not finally captured by the English until 1607. | ||
| Line 69: | Line 69: | ||
Enniskillen and Derry were the two garrisons in Ulster that were not wholly loyal to James II, and it was the last town to fall before the [[Siege of Derry]]. As a direct result of this conflict, Enniskillen developed not only as a market town but also as a garrison, which became home to two regiments. | Enniskillen and Derry were the two garrisons in Ulster that were not wholly loyal to James II, and it was the last town to fall before the [[Siege of Derry]]. As a direct result of this conflict, Enniskillen developed not only as a market town but also as a garrison, which became home to two regiments. | ||
The former site of Fermanagh College at Gaol Square (the college has now moved to the old Erne Hospital site) was the former Enniskillen [[Prison|Gaol]]. Many people were tried and hanged in the square during the times of public execution. Part of the old | The former site of Fermanagh College at Gaol Square (the college has now moved to the old Erne Hospital site) was the former Enniskillen [[Prison|Gaol]]. Many people were tried and hanged in the square during the times of public execution. Part of the old gaol is still standing. [[Enniskillen Town Hall]] was designed by William Scott and completed in 1901.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enniskillen Town Hall |url=https://www.fermanaghlakelands.com/Enniskillen-Townhall-Enniskillen-P41978 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516164900/https://www.fermanaghlakelands.com/Enniskillen-Townhall-Enniskillen-P41978 |archive-date=16 May 2021 |access-date=16 May 2021 |publisher=Fermanagh Lakelands}}</ref> | ||
=== Military history === | === Military history === | ||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
Enniskillen was the site of several events during [[The Troubles]], the most notable being the [[Remembrance Day bombing]] in which 11 people were killed. [[Bill Clinton]] opened [[The Clinton Centre]] in 2002 on the site of the bombing. The [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] claimed responsibility for the attack. | Enniskillen was the site of several events during [[The Troubles]], the most notable being the [[Remembrance Day bombing]] in which 11 people were killed. [[Bill Clinton]] opened [[The Clinton Centre]] in 2002 on the site of the bombing. The [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] claimed responsibility for the attack. | ||
== Demography == | == Demography == | ||
| Line 103: | Line 100: | ||
===2011 Census=== | ===2011 Census=== | ||
On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 13,823 people living in Enniskillen (5,733 households),<ref name="Census2011">{{Cite web |title=Census 2011 Population Statistics for Enniskillen Settlement |url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/AreaProfileReportViewer.aspx?FromAPAddressMulipleRecords=Enniskillen@Exact%20match%20of%20location%20name:%20@Exact%20Match%20Of%20Location%20Name:%20%20Enniskillen@23? | On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 13,823 people living in Enniskillen (5,733 households),<ref name="Census2011">{{Cite web |title=Census 2011 Population Statistics for Enniskillen Settlement |url=http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/AreaProfileReportViewer.aspx?FromAPAddressMulipleRecords=Enniskillen@Exact%20match%20of%20location%20name:%20@Exact%20Match%20Of%20Location%20Name:%20%20Enniskillen@23? |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626081955/http://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/AreaProfileReportViewer.aspx?FromAPAddressMulipleRecords=Enniskillen%40Exact%20match%20of%20location%20name%3A%20%40Exact%20Match%20Of%20Location%20Name%3A%20%20Enniskillen%4023%3F |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=5 March 2018 |publisher=[[Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency]]}} [[File:Open Government Licence logo.svg|30px]] This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Open Government Licence v3.0]. © Crown copyright.</ref> accounting for 0.76% of the NI total and representing an increase of 1.6% on the Census 2001 population of 13,599.<ref name="Census2001">{{Cite web |title=Census 2001 Usually Resident Population: KS01 (Settlements) – Table view |url=https://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/PivotGrid.aspx?ds=4840&lh=69&yn=2001&sk=135&sn=Census%202001&yearfilter=2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923152256/https://www.ninis2.nisra.gov.uk/public/Home.aspx |archive-date=23 September 2021 |access-date=10 August 2019 |publisher=[[Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency]] (NISRA) |page=4}}</ref> Of these: | ||
* 19.76% were aged under 16 years and 15.59% were aged 65 and over; | * 19.76% were aged under 16 years and 15.59% were aged 65 and over; | ||
| Line 156: | Line 153: | ||
File:Enniskillen Courthouse - geograph.org.uk - 928129.jpg|Enniskillen Courthouse | File:Enniskillen Courthouse - geograph.org.uk - 928129.jpg|Enniskillen Courthouse | ||
File:Portora Castle.jpg|Portora Castle | File:Portora Castle.jpg|Portora Castle | ||
File:ArdhowenTheatre, Enniskillen - geograph.org.uk - 789403.jpg| | File:ArdhowenTheatre, Enniskillen - geograph.org.uk - 789403.jpg|Ardhowen Theatre, Enniskillen | ||
File:William Blake Pub, Enniskillen - geograph.org.uk - 928131.jpg|William Blake Pub, Enniskillen | File:William Blake Pub, Enniskillen - geograph.org.uk - 928131.jpg|William Blake Pub, Enniskillen | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
| Line 206: | Line 203: | ||
* [[Frank Ormsby]], poet<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frank Ormsby |url=https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/frank-ormsby |access-date=15 November 2022 |publisher=The British Council}}</ref> | * [[Frank Ormsby]], poet<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frank Ormsby |url=https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/frank-ormsby |access-date=15 November 2022 |publisher=The British Council}}</ref> | ||
* [[David Robinson (photographer)|David Robinson]], photographer and publisher, educated at [[Portora Royal School]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 March 2001 |title=The big picture The panoramic shape is closest to the human viewpoint, says the photographer David Robinson. He shares his perspective with Clare Thomson |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/717679/The-big-picture-The-panoramic-shape-is-closest-to-the-human-viewpoint-says-the-photographer-David-Robinson.-He-shares-his-perspective-with-Clare-Thomson.html |access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref> | * [[David Robinson (photographer)|David Robinson]], photographer and publisher, educated at [[Portora Royal School]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 March 2001 |title=The big picture The panoramic shape is closest to the human viewpoint, says the photographer David Robinson. He shares his perspective with Clare Thomson |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/717679/The-big-picture-The-panoramic-shape-is-closest-to-the-human-viewpoint-says-the-photographer-David-Robinson.-He-shares-his-perspective-with-Clare-Thomson.html |access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref> | ||
* [[William Scott (artist)|William Scott]], artist<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Scott |url=https://cnaa.senatehouselibrary.ac.uk/artists/william-scott |access-date=15 November 2022 |publisher=Senate House Library, University of London}}</ref> | * [[William Scott (artist)|William Scott]], artist<ref>{{Cite web |title=William Scott |url=https://cnaa.senatehouselibrary.ac.uk/artists/william-scott |access-date=15 November 2022 |publisher=Senate House Library, University of London |archive-date=15 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115161940/https://cnaa.senatehouselibrary.ac.uk/artists/william-scott |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
* [[Mick Softley]] singer and songwriter for [[Bob Dylan]] and [[Donovan]], lived in the town at the time of his death<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael (Mick) Softley |url=https://www.funeraltimes.com/michael-micksoftley394097232 |access-date=15 November 2022 |publisher=Funeral Times}}</ref> | * [[Mick Softley]] singer and songwriter for [[Bob Dylan]] and [[Donovan]], lived in the town at the time of his death<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael (Mick) Softley |url=https://www.funeraltimes.com/michael-micksoftley394097232 |access-date=15 November 2022 |publisher=Funeral Times}}</ref> | ||
* [[Joan Trimble]], pianist and composer<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2000 |title=Obituary: Joan Trimble |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1352386/Joan-Trimble.html |access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref> | * [[Joan Trimble]], pianist and composer<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2000 |title=Obituary: Joan Trimble |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1352386/Joan-Trimble.html |access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref> | ||
| Line 213: | Line 210: | ||
===Business=== | ===Business=== | ||
* [[James Gamble (industrialist)|James Gamble]], co-founder of Procter & Gamble, educated at [[Portora Royal School]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2009 |title=Typhoid Mary and other curiosities in Irish biography |publisher=BBC News |url= | * [[James Gamble (industrialist)|James Gamble]], co-founder of Procter & Gamble, educated at [[Portora Royal School]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 December 2009 |title=Typhoid Mary and other curiosities in Irish biography |publisher=BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/8419022.stm |access-date=11 September 2012}}</ref> | ||
===Medicine and Science=== | ===Medicine and Science=== | ||
* [[Denis Parsons Burkitt|Denis Burkitt]], FRS, surgeon and epidemiologist<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Epstein |first1=A. |author-link=Anthony Epstein |last2=Eastwood |first2=M. A. |year=1995 |title=Denis Parsons Burkitt. 28 February 1911 – 23 March 1993 |journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] |volume=41 |pages=88–102 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1995.0006 |pmid=11615366 |s2cid=24411537}}</ref> | * [[Denis Parsons Burkitt|Denis Burkitt]], FRS, surgeon and epidemiologist<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Epstein |first1=A. |author-link=Anthony Epstein |last2=Eastwood |first2=M. A. |year=1995 |title=Denis Parsons Burkitt. 28 February 1911 – 23 March 1993 |journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] |volume=41 |pages=88–102 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.1995.0006 |doi-access=free|pmid=11615366 |s2cid=24411537}}</ref> | ||
===Military=== | ===Military=== | ||
| Line 240: | Line 237: | ||
* [[Timothy Cathcart]], rally driver | * [[Timothy Cathcart]], rally driver | ||
* [[Harry Chatton]], football player, from the 1920s and 1930s, who was a dual international for both the IFA and FAI Irish international teams<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harry Chatton |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/38856/James_Harry_Chatton.html |access-date=15 November 2022 |publisher=National Football Teams}}</ref> | * [[Harry Chatton]], football player, from the 1920s and 1930s, who was a dual international for both the IFA and FAI Irish international teams<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harry Chatton |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/38856/James_Harry_Chatton.html |access-date=15 November 2022 |publisher=National Football Teams}}</ref> | ||
* [[Jim Cleary (Northern Irish footballer)|Jim Cleary]], former [[Glentoran]] footballer and member of [[Northern Ireland national football team|Northern Ireland]]'s 1982 World Cup squad<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jim Cleary |publisher=World Football |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/ | * [[Jim Cleary (Northern Irish footballer)|Jim Cleary]], former [[Glentoran]] footballer and member of [[Northern Ireland national football team|Northern Ireland]]'s 1982 World Cup squad<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jim Cleary |publisher=World Football |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe53318/jim-cleary/ |access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref> | ||
* [[William Emerson (footballer)|William Emerson]], football player who won 11 caps for Ireland between 1919 and 1923<ref>{{Cite web |title=Billy Emerson |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/38728/Billy_Emerson.html |access-date=15 November 2022 |publisher=National Football Teams}}</ref> | * [[William Emerson (footballer)|William Emerson]], football player who won 11 caps for Ireland between 1919 and 1923<ref>{{Cite web |title=Billy Emerson |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/38728/Billy_Emerson.html |access-date=15 November 2022 |publisher=National Football Teams}}</ref> | ||
* [[Gordon Ferris]], Northern Irish former heavyweight boxer who was both Irish and British champion in the early 1980s<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2021 |title=The night an Enniskillen man became the British Heavyweight champion |publisher=The Impartial Reporter |url=https://www.impartialreporter.com/sport/19252349.night-enniskillen-man-became-british-heavyweight-champion/ |access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref> | * [[Gordon Ferris]], Northern Irish former heavyweight boxer who was both Irish and British champion in the early 1980s<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 April 2021 |title=The night an Enniskillen man became the British Heavyweight champion |publisher=The Impartial Reporter |url=https://www.impartialreporter.com/sport/19252349.night-enniskillen-man-became-british-heavyweight-champion/ |access-date=15 November 2022}}</ref> | ||