East Slavic languages: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language family
{{Infobox language family
| name          = East Slavic
| name          = East Slavic
| ethnicity    = [[East Slavs]]
| region        = [[Eurasia]] ([[Eastern Europe]], [[North Asia|Northern Asia]], and the [[Caucasus]])
| region        = [[Eurasia]] ([[Eastern Europe]], [[North Asia|Northern Asia]], and the [[Caucasus]])
| familycolor  = Indo-European
| familycolor  = Indo-European
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== Distribution ==
== Distribution ==
{{Expand section|date=June 2025}}  
{{Expand section|date=June 2025}}  
[[File:Idioma ucraniano.png|thumb|Distribution of the [[Ukrainian language]] in [[Europe]]]]
[[File:Idioma bielorruso.png|border|left|thumb|Distribution of the [[Belarusian language]] in [[Europe]]]]
[[File:Map of Belarusian Language.png|border|left|thumb|Distribution of the [[Belarusian language]] in [[Europe]]]]
[[File:Idioma rusino.PNG|right|thumb|Distribution of the [[Rusyn language]] in [[Europe]]]]
[[File:Russian language status and proficiency in the World.svg|center|thumb|450x450px|[[Geographical distribution of Russian speakers|Distribution of the Russian language]] in [[Eurasia]]]]
[[File:Idioma ruso.PNG|center|thumb|450x450px|Distribution of the [[Russian language]] in [[Eurasia]]]]
[[File:Idioma ucraniano.png|left|thumb|Distribution of the [[Ukrainian language]] in [[Europe]]]]
{{Clear}}
{{Clear}}


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!Belarusian
!Belarusian
!Russian
!Russian
!Rusyn
|-
|-
|солодкий (''solodkyj'')
|солодкий (''solodkyj'')
|салодкі (''salodki'')
|салодкі (''salodki'')
|сладкий (''sladkij'')
|сладкий (''sladkij'')
|солодкый (''solodkyj'')
|}
|}
Additionally, the original East Slavic phonetic form was kept in many words in Ukrainian and Belarusian, for example:
Additionally, the original East Slavic phonetic form was kept in many words in Ukrainian and Belarusian, for example:
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!Belarusian
!Belarusian
!Russian
!Russian
!Rusyn
|-
|-
|одиниця (''odynycia'')
|одиниця (''odynycia'')
|адзінка (''adzinka'')
|адзінка (''adzinka'')
|eдиница (''yedinica'')
|eдиница (''yedinica'')
|єдиниця (''yedynycia'')
|}
|}
In general, Ukrainian and Belarusian are also closer to other Western European languages, especially to [[German language|German]] (via Polish). At the same time Russian was being heavily influenced by Church Slavonic (South Slavic language), but also by the [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] and [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-02-14 |title=Turkic words in Russian |url=https://www.languagesoftheworld.info/historical-linguistics/turkic-words-in-russian.html |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Languages Of The World |language=en-US}}</ref> For example:
In general, Ukrainian and Belarusian are also closer to other Western European languages, especially to [[German language|German]] (via Polish). At the same time Russian was being heavily influenced by Church Slavonic (South Slavic language), but also by the [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] and [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-02-14 |title=Turkic words in Russian |url=https://www.languagesoftheworld.info/historical-linguistics/turkic-words-in-russian.html |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Languages Of The World |language=en-US}}</ref> For example:
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!Belarusian
!Belarusian
!Russian
!Russian
!Rusyn
|-
|-
|шукати (''šukaty'')
|шукати (''šukaty'')
|шукаць (''šukać'')
|шукаць (''šukać'')
|искать (''iskat́'')
|искать (''iskat́'')
|глядати (''hliadaty'')
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |Compare Polish "szukać" and [[Old Saxon|Old Low German]] "sōkian" (German "suchen")
| colspan="2" |Compare Polish "szukać" and [[Old Saxon|Old Low German]] "sōkian" (German "suchen")
|Compare Bulgarian "искам" (''iskam'') (with a meaning shift: "to want") and Serbo-Croatian "искати" (''iskati'')
|Compare Bulgarian "искам" (''iskam'') (with a meaning shift: "to want") and Serbo-Croatian "искати" (''iskati'')
|Compare Slovak "hľadať" and Czech "hledat"
|}
|}
What's more, all three languages do also have [[False friend|false friends]], that sometimes can lead to (big) misunderstandings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Database of False Friends in Slavic Languages |url=https://oesteuropastudier.dk/en/dictionaries/fauxamis |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Danish Portal for East European Studies |language=en-gb}}</ref> For example, Ukrainian орати (''oraty'') — "to plow" and Russian орать (''orat́'') — "to scream", or Ukrainian помітити (''pomityty'') — "to notice" and Russian пометить (''pometit́'') — "to mark".
What's more, all three languages do also have [[False friend|false friends]], that sometimes can lead to (big) misunderstandings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Database of False Friends in Slavic Languages |url=https://oesteuropastudier.dk/en/dictionaries/fauxamis |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Danish Portal for East European Studies |language=en-gb}}</ref> For example, Ukrainian орати (''oraty'') — "to plow" and Russian орать (''orat́'') — "to scream", or Ukrainian помітити (''pomityty'') — "to notice" and Russian пометить (''pometit́'') — "to mark".