East Slavic languages: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox language family | {{Infobox language family | ||
| name = East Slavic | | name = East Slavic | ||
| ethnicity = [[East Slavs]] | |||
| region = [[Eurasia]] ([[Eastern Europe]], [[North Asia|Northern Asia]], and the [[Caucasus]]) | | region = [[Eurasia]] ([[Eastern Europe]], [[North Asia|Northern Asia]], and the [[Caucasus]]) | ||
| familycolor = Indo-European | | familycolor = Indo-European | ||
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== Distribution == | == Distribution == | ||
{{Expand section|date=June 2025}} | {{Expand section|date=June 2025}} | ||
[[File:Idioma | [[File:Idioma bielorruso.png|border|left|thumb|Distribution of the [[Belarusian language]] in [[Europe]]]] | ||
[[File: | [[File:Idioma rusino.PNG|right|thumb|Distribution of the [[Rusyn language]] in [[Europe]]]] | ||
[[File: | [[File:Idioma ruso.PNG|center|thumb|450x450px|Distribution of the [[Russian language]] in [[Eurasia]]]] | ||
[[File:Idioma ucraniano.png|left|thumb|Distribution of the [[Ukrainian language]] in [[Europe]]]] | |||
{{Clear}} | {{Clear}} | ||
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!Belarusian | !Belarusian | ||
!Russian | !Russian | ||
!Rusyn | |||
|- | |- | ||
|солодкий (''solodkyj'') | |солодкий (''solodkyj'') | ||
|салодкі (''salodki'') | |салодкі (''salodki'') | ||
|сладкий (''sladkij'') | |сладкий (''sladkij'') | ||
|солодкый (''solodkyj'') | |||
|} | |} | ||
Additionally, the original East Slavic phonetic form was kept in many words in Ukrainian and Belarusian, for example: | Additionally, the original East Slavic phonetic form was kept in many words in Ukrainian and Belarusian, for example: | ||
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!Belarusian | !Belarusian | ||
!Russian | !Russian | ||
!Rusyn | |||
|- | |- | ||
|одиниця (''odynycia'') | |одиниця (''odynycia'') | ||
|адзінка (''adzinka'') | |адзінка (''adzinka'') | ||
|eдиница (''yedinica'') | |eдиница (''yedinica'') | ||
|єдиниця (''yedynycia'') | |||
|} | |} | ||
In general, Ukrainian and Belarusian are also closer to other Western European languages, especially to [[German language|German]] (via Polish). At the same time Russian was being heavily influenced by Church Slavonic (South Slavic language), but also by the [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] and [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-02-14 |title=Turkic words in Russian |url=https://www.languagesoftheworld.info/historical-linguistics/turkic-words-in-russian.html |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Languages Of The World |language=en-US}}</ref> For example: | In general, Ukrainian and Belarusian are also closer to other Western European languages, especially to [[German language|German]] (via Polish). At the same time Russian was being heavily influenced by Church Slavonic (South Slavic language), but also by the [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] and [[Uralic languages|Uralic]] languages.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-02-14 |title=Turkic words in Russian |url=https://www.languagesoftheworld.info/historical-linguistics/turkic-words-in-russian.html |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=Languages Of The World |language=en-US}}</ref> For example: | ||
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!Belarusian | !Belarusian | ||
!Russian | !Russian | ||
!Rusyn | |||
|- | |- | ||
|шукати (''šukaty'') | |шукати (''šukaty'') | ||
|шукаць (''šukać'') | |шукаць (''šukać'') | ||
|искать (''iskat́'') | |искать (''iskat́'') | ||
|глядати (''hliadaty'') | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="2" |Compare Polish "szukać" and [[Old Saxon|Old Low German]] "sōkian" (German "suchen") | | colspan="2" |Compare Polish "szukać" and [[Old Saxon|Old Low German]] "sōkian" (German "suchen") | ||
|Compare Bulgarian "искам" (''iskam'') (with a meaning shift: "to want") and Serbo-Croatian "искати" (''iskati'') | |Compare Bulgarian "искам" (''iskam'') (with a meaning shift: "to want") and Serbo-Croatian "искати" (''iskati'') | ||
|Compare Slovak "hľadať" and Czech "hledat" | |||
|} | |} | ||
What's more, all three languages do also have [[False friend|false friends]], that sometimes can lead to (big) misunderstandings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Database of False Friends in Slavic Languages |url=https://oesteuropastudier.dk/en/dictionaries/fauxamis |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Danish Portal for East European Studies |language=en-gb}}</ref> For example, Ukrainian орати (''oraty'') — "to plow" and Russian орать (''orat́'') — "to scream", or Ukrainian помітити (''pomityty'') — "to notice" and Russian пометить (''pometit́'') — "to mark". | What's more, all three languages do also have [[False friend|false friends]], that sometimes can lead to (big) misunderstandings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Database of False Friends in Slavic Languages |url=https://oesteuropastudier.dk/en/dictionaries/fauxamis |access-date=2024-01-16 |website=Danish Portal for East European Studies |language=en-gb}}</ref> For example, Ukrainian орати (''oraty'') — "to plow" and Russian орать (''orat́'') — "to scream", or Ukrainian помітити (''pomityty'') — "to notice" and Russian пометить (''pometit́'') — "to mark". | ||