German Unity Day: Difference between revisions

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| longtype      =  
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| significance  = Commemorates the [[German Reunification]] in 1990
| significance  = Commemorates the [[German reunification]] in 1990
| date          = 3 October
| date          = 3 October
| scheduling    = 3 October 2025
| scheduling    = 3 October 2025
| duration      = 1 year
| duration      =  
| frequency    = Annual
| frequency    = Annual
| celebrations  =  
| celebrations  =  
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'''German Unity Day''' ({{langx|de|Tag der Deutschen Einheit}}, {{IPA|de|ˈtaːk deːɐ̯ ˈdɔʏtʃn̩ ˈʔaɪnhaɪt|pron|audio=De-Tag der Deutschen Einheit.ogg}}) is the [[National Day|national day]] of [[Germany]], celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.buzer.de/s1.htm?g=Einigungsvertrag&a=2 |title=www.buzer.de – Article 3 of the Treaty of German Reunification ("Einigungsvertrag") |access-date=3 October 2014 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923224034/http://www.buzer.de/s1.htm?g=Einigungsvertrag&a=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> It commemorates [[German Reunification]] in 1990 when the German Democratic Republic ([[East Germany]]) joined the Federal Republic of Germany ([[West Germany]]), so that for the first time since 1945 there existed a single German state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/953868.stm|title=Germans mark decade of unity|publisher=BBC|language=English|date=3 October 2000|accessdate=16 August 2024|archive-date=16 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816150711/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/953868.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> German Unity Day on 3 October has been the [[Public holidays in Germany|German national holiday]] since 1990, when the reunification was formally completed.
'''German Unity Day''' ({{langx|de|Tag der Deutschen Einheit}}, {{IPA|de|ˈtaːk deːɐ̯ ˈdɔʏtʃn̩ ˈʔaɪnhaɪt|pron|audio=De-Tag der Deutschen Einheit.ogg}}) is the [[National Day]] of [[Germany]], celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.buzer.de/s1.htm?g=Einigungsvertrag&a=2 |title=www.buzer.de – Article 3 of the Treaty of German Reunification ("Einigungsvertrag") |access-date=3 October 2014 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923224034/http://www.buzer.de/s1.htm?g=Einigungsvertrag&a=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> It commemorates [[German reunification]] in 1990 when the German Democratic Republic ([[East Germany]]) ceased to exist and joined the Federal Republic of Germany ([[West Germany]]), so that for the first time since 1945 there existed a single German state.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/953868.stm|title=Germans mark decade of unity|publisher=BBC|language=English|date=3 October 2000|accessdate=16 August 2024|archive-date=16 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816150711/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/953868.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> German Unity Day on 3 October has been the [[Public holidays in Germany|German national holiday]] since 1990, when the reunification was formally completed.


An alternative choice to commemorate the reunification could have been the day the [[Berlin Wall]] came down: 9 November 1989, which coincided with the anniversary of the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919|proclamation of the German Republic]] in 1918, and the defeat of [[Beer Hall Putsch|Hitler's first coup]] in 1923. However, 9 November was also the anniversary of the first large-scale Nazi-led [[pogrom]]s against [[Jews]] in 1938 (''[[Kristallnacht]]''), so the day was considered racist as a national holiday<ref>Kosmidou, Eleftheria Rania (2012). ''European Civil War Films: Memory, Conflict, and Nostalgia''.  pp. 9–10. {{ISBN|1136250646}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dw.de/schicksalstag-der-deutschen/a-1389975 |title=Deutsche Welle (dw.de) (09.11.2004). ''Schicksalstag der Deutschen''. |access-date=3 October 2014 |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505222902/http://www.dw.de/schicksalstag-der-deutschen/a-1389975 |url-status=live }}</ref> (see [[9 November in German history]]). Therefore, 3 October 1990, the day of the formal reunification, was chosen instead. It replaced the "German Unity Day" on 17 June, the national holiday of the [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]] from 1954.
An alternative choice to commemorate the reunification could have been the day the [[Berlin Wall]] came down: 9 November 1989, which coincided with the anniversary of the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919|proclamation of the German Republic]] in 1918, and the defeat of [[Beer Hall Putsch|Hitler's first coup]] in 1923. However, 9 November was also the anniversary of the first large-scale Nazi-led [[pogrom]]s against [[Jews]] in 1938 (''[[Kristallnacht|Reichspogromnacht]]''), so the day was considered inappropriate as a national holiday<ref>Kosmidou, Eleftheria Rania (2012). ''European Civil War Films: Memory, Conflict, and Nostalgia''.  pp. 9–10. {{ISBN|1136250646}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dw.de/schicksalstag-der-deutschen/a-1389975 |title=Deutsche Welle (dw.de) (09.11.2004). ''Schicksalstag der Deutschen''. |access-date=3 October 2014 |archive-date=5 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505222902/http://www.dw.de/schicksalstag-der-deutschen/a-1389975 |url-status=live }}</ref> (see [[9 November in German history]]). Therefore, 3 October 1990, the day of the formal reunification, was chosen instead. It replaced the "German Unity Day" on 17 June, the national holiday of the [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]] from 1954.


==History==
==History==
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*2023 in Hamburg
*2023 in Hamburg
*2024 in [[Schwerin]], state capital of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
*2024 in [[Schwerin]], state capital of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
*2025 in Saarbrücken, state capital of Saarland
*2026 in Bremen
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===Zipfelbund: compass communities===
===Zipfelbund: compass communities===
At the 1999 Day of German Unity celebration in [[Wiesbaden]] the {{Interlanguage link multi|Zipfelbund|de}} (Compass Confederation) was formalised. The Zipfelbund are the four communities at the cardinal [[Points of the compass#Compass point names|compass points]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zipfelbund.de/impressum/|title = Impressum (Zipfelbund)}}</ref> of Germany: North – [[List, Schleswig-Holstein|List]] on the island of [[Sylt]], West – [[Selfkant]], South – [[Oberstdorf]] and East – [[Görlitz]]. Together, they always participate in the respective annual celebration to represent the [[Oder–Neisse line#Division of cities|modern borders]] of Germany.
{{Location map+|Germany|caption=Zipfelbund – Compass Communities – locations|places=
{{Location map+|Germany|caption=Zipfelbund – Compass Communities – locations|places=
{{Location map~|Germany|label=List|lat=55.018611|long=8.432222|position=bottom}}
{{Location map~|Germany|label=List|lat=55.018611|long=8.432222|position=bottom}}
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{{Location map~|Germany|label=Oberstdorf|lat=47.409722|long=10.279167|position=top}}
{{Location map~|Germany|label=Oberstdorf|lat=47.409722|long=10.279167|position=top}}
}}
}}
At the 1999 Day of German Unity celebration in [[Wiesbaden]] the {{Interlanguage link multi|Zipfelbund|de}} (Compass Confederation) was formalised. The Zipfelbund are the four communities at the cardinal [[Points of the compass#Compass point names|compass points]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zipfelbund.de/impressum/|title = Impressum (Zipfelbund)}}</ref> of Germany: North – [[List, Schleswig-Holstein|List]] on the island of [[Sylt]], West – [[Selfkant]], South – [[Oberstdorf]] and East – [[Görlitz]]. Together, they always participate in the respective annual celebration to represent the [[Oder–Neisse line#Division of cities|modern borders]] of Germany.


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==See also==
==See also==
* [[East German uprising of 1953]]
{{Portal|Germany|Holidays}}
* [[Unification Day (Bulgaria)]]
* [[Unity Day (Yemen)]]


==References==
==References==