Economy of Chad

Template:Infobox economy Chad has a developing economy. It suffers from the landlocked country's geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 80% of the population depends on subsistence agriculture, including livestock herding. Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Bank, and other sources is directed mainly at improving agriculture, especially livestock production. Because of a lack of financing, the development of oil fields near Doba, originally due to finish in 2000, was delayed until 2003. It was finally developed and then operated by ExxonMobil until 2023, when it was nationalized and put under control of the Chadian government. Regarding gross domestic product, Chad ranks 147th globally with $11.051 billion as of 2018.

Agriculture

Main article: Agriculture in Chad

Chad produced in 2023:

• 878 thousand tons of sorghum;
• 782 thousand tons of groundnuts;
• 634 thousand tons of millet;
• 552 thousand tons of cereal;
• 469 thousand tonnes of yam (8th largest producer in the world);
• 454 thousand tons of sugarcane;
• 354 thousand tons of maize;
• 288 thousand tons of cassava;
• 224 thousand tons of rice;
• 218 thousand tons of sweet potato;
• 210 thousand tons of sesame seed;
• 150 thousand tons of beans;
• 165 thousand 480-lb bales of cotton;

In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.

Other statistics

GDP: purchasing power parity – $28.62 billion (2017 est.)

GDP – real growth rate: -3.1% (2017 est.)

GDP – per capita: $2,300 (2017 est.)

Gross national saving: 15.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

GDP – composition by sector:
agriculture: 52.3% (2017 est.)
industry: 14.7% (2017 est.)
services: 33.1% (2017 est.)

Population below poverty line:: 46.7% (2011 est.)

Distribution of family income – Gini index: 43.3 (2011 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0.9% (2017 est.)

Labor force: 5.654 million (2017 est.)

Labor force – by occupation: agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2006 est.)

Budget:
revenues: 1.337 billion (2017 est.)
expenditures: 1.481 billion (2017 est.)

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -1.5% (of GDP) (2017 est.)

Public debt: 52.5% of GDP (2017 est.)

Industries: oil, cotton textiles, brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

Industrial production growth rate: -4% (2017 est.)

electrification: total population: 4% (2013)

electrification: urban areas: 14% (2013)

electrification: rural areas: 1% (2013)

Electricity – production: 224.3 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – production by source:
fossil fuel: ~98%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other renewable: ~3% (2017)

Electricity – consumption: 208.6 million kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – exports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)

Electricity – imports: 0 kWh (2016 est.)

Agriculture – products: cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, sesame, corn, rice, potatoes, onions, cassava (manioc, tapioca), cattle, sheep, goats, camels

Exports: $2.464 billion (2017 est.)

Exports – commodities: oil, livestock, cotton, sesame, gum arabic, shea butter

Exports – partners: US 38.7%, China 16.6%, Netherlands 15.7%, UAE 12.2%, India 6.3% (2017)

Imports: $2.16 billion (2017 est.)

Imports – commodities: machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles

Imports – partners: China 19.9%, Cameroon 17.2%, France 17%, US 5.4%, India 4.9%, Senegal 4.5% (2017)

Debt – external: $1.724 billion (31 December 2017 est.)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $22.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)

Macro-economic trend

The following table shows the leading economic indicators from 1980 to 2024. Inflation below 5% is in green.

Year	GDP (in bn. US$ PPP)	GDP per capita (in US$ PPP)	GDP (in bn. US$ nominal)	GDP Growth (real)	Inflation rate	Government debt (Percentage of GDP)
1980	2.3	502	1.0	Decrease -6.0%	Negative increase8.6%	n/a
1985	Error creating thumbnail: 3.6	Error creating thumbnail: 709	Error creating thumbnail: 1.3	Error creating thumbnail: 7.9%	Negative increase5.1%	n/a
1990	Error creating thumbnail: 5.2	Error creating thumbnail: 879	Error creating thumbnail: 2.4	Error creating thumbnail: 3.2%	Error creating thumbnail: 0.5%	n/a
1995	Error creating thumbnail: 6.9	Error creating thumbnail: 977	Decrease2.1	Decrease -0.8%	Negative increase5.4%	n/a
2000	Error creating thumbnail: 8.5	Error creating thumbnail: 1012	Decrease2.0	Decrease -0.9%	Error creating thumbnail: 3.8%	Negative increase52.4%
2005	Error creating thumbnail: 18.9	Error creating thumbnail: 1875	Error creating thumbnail: 8.7	Error creating thumbnail: 7.5%	Error creating thumbnail: 4.4%	Template:DecreasePositive22%
2006	Error creating thumbnail: 19.4	Decrease1857	Error creating thumbnail: 9.7	Decrease -0.5%	Negative increase9.6%	Template:DecreasePositive20.1%
2007	Error creating thumbnail: 20.8	Error creating thumbnail: 1924	Error creating thumbnail: 10.9	Error creating thumbnail: 4.4%	Error creating thumbnail: -7.4%	Template:DecreasePositive17.6%
2008	Error creating thumbnail: 21.9	Error creating thumbnail: 1955	Error creating thumbnail: 13.4	Error creating thumbnail: 3.1%	Negative increase8.3%	Template:DecreasePositive15.7%
2009	Decrease21.7	Decrease1878	Decrease12.3	Decrease -1.3%	Negative increase10.1%	Negative increase23.9%
2010	Error creating thumbnail: 25.0	Error creating thumbnail: 2092	Error creating thumbnail: 14.1	Error creating thumbnail: 13.8%	Error creating thumbnail: -2.1%	Template:DecreasePositive22.9%
2011	Error creating thumbnail: 26.7	Error creating thumbnail: 2159	Error creating thumbnail: 16.7	Error creating thumbnail: 4.6%	Error creating thumbnail: 2%	Template:DecreasePositive22.3%
2012	Error creating thumbnail: 29.6	Error creating thumbnail: 2315	Error creating thumbnail: 17.9	Error creating thumbnail: 8.9%	Negative increase7.5%	Template:DecreasePositive20%
2013	Error creating thumbnail: 31.0	Error creating thumbnail: 2344	Steady17.9	Error creating thumbnail: 2.9%	Error creating thumbnail: 0.2%	Negative increase22.3%
2014	Error creating thumbnail: 32.3	Error creating thumbnail: 2360	Error creating thumbnail: 18.2	Error creating thumbnail: 2.3%	Error creating thumbnail: -5.5%	Negative increase29.4%
2015	Error creating thumbnail: 33.6	Error creating thumbnail: 2380	Decrease14.6	Error creating thumbnail: 3.2%	Error creating thumbnail: 4.8%	Negative increase31.3%
2016	Decrease32.7	Decrease2243	Decrease13.1	Decrease -3.7%	Error creating thumbnail: -1.6%	Negative increase40.2%
2017	Decrease32.6	Decrease2168	Error creating thumbnail: 13.3	Decrease -2.1%	Error creating thumbnail: -0.9%	Template:DecreasePositive39.1%
2018	Error creating thumbnail: 35.6	Error creating thumbnail: 2301	Error creating thumbnail: 15.2	Error creating thumbnail: 5.2%	Error creating thumbnail: 4%	Template:DecreasePositive33.8%
2019	Error creating thumbnail: 39.0	Error creating thumbnail: 2446	Decrease14.8	Error creating thumbnail: 5.9%	Error creating thumbnail: -1%	Negative increase38.4%
2020	Decrease37.3	Decrease2270	Steady14.8	Steady 0.0%	Error creating thumbnail: -2.7%	Negative increase41.6%
2021	Error creating thumbnail: 43.7	Error creating thumbnail: 2581	Error creating thumbnail: 17.0	Error creating thumbnail: 2.0%	Error creating thumbnail: -0.8%	Negative increase41.7%
2022	Error creating thumbnail: 48.9	Error creating thumbnail: 2810	Error creating thumbnail: 18.1	Error creating thumbnail: 4.7%	Negative increase5.8%	Template:DecreasePositive32.1%
2023	Error creating thumbnail: 53.3	Error creating thumbnail: 2973	Error creating thumbnail: 18.6	Error creating thumbnail: 5.0%	Error creating thumbnail: 4.1%	Negative increase32.2%
2024	Error creating thumbnail: 57.3	Error creating thumbnail: 3110	Error creating thumbnail: 20.7	Error creating thumbnail: 5.0%	Negative increase5.7%	Template:DecreasePositive31.4%
2025	Error creating thumbnail: 62.3	Error creating thumbnail: 3284	Error creating thumbnail: 22.1	Error creating thumbnail: 5.6%	Error creating thumbnail: -2.6%	Template:DecreasePositive30.4%
2026	Error creating thumbnail: 67.4	Error creating thumbnail: 3458	Error creating thumbnail: 25.6	Error creating thumbnail: 5.2%	Error creating thumbnail: 0.5%	Template:DecreasePositive29.9%

See also

• Chad
• Economy of Africa
• Petroleum industry in Chad
• United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

References

General

•  This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook website https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/.

External links

• Chad latest trade data on ITC Trade Map
• World Bank – Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Project