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←Created page with '{{Navbox with collapsible groups | name = Positivism | title = Positivism | state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}} | listclass = hlist | selected = {{{selected|{{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}}}} | list1 = {{Navbox|child | groupwidth = 12.0em <!--(as below)--> | group1 = <!--[Superfluous?:] Positivist p-->Perspectives | list1 = * Antihumanism * Empiricism * Rationalism * Scientism | group2 = Declinations...'
{{Navbox with collapsible groups
| name = Positivism
| title = [[Positivism]]
| state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}}
| listclass = hlist
| selected = {{{selected|{{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}
| list1 = {{Navbox|child
| groupwidth = 12.0em <!--(as below)-->
| group1 = <!--[Superfluous?:] Positivist p-->Perspectives
| list1 =
* [[Antihumanism]]
* [[Empiricism]]
* [[Rationalism]]
* [[Scientism]]
| group2 = Declinations
| list2 =
* [[Legal positivism]]
* [[Logical positivism]]{{\}}[[analytic philosophy]]
* [[Positivist school (criminology)|Positivist school]]
* [[Postpositivism]]
* [[Sociological positivism]]
* [[Ernst Mach|Machian positivism (empirio-criticism)]]
* [[Rankean historical positivism]]
* [[Positivism in Poland|Polish positivism]]
* [[Russian Machism]]
| group3 = Principal concepts
| list3 =
* [[Consilience]]
* [[Demarcation problem|Demarcation]]
* [[Evidence]]
* [[Inductive reasoning|Induction]]
* [[Justification (epistemology)|Justification]]
* [[Pseudoscience]]
* [[Vienna Circle#Critique of metaphysics|Critique of metaphysics]]
* [[Unity of science]]
* [[Verificationism]]
| group4 = Antitheses
| list4 =
* [[Antipositivism]]
* [[Confirmation holism]]
* [[Critical theory]]
* [[Falsifiability]]
* {{lang|de|[[Geisteswissenschaft]]}}
* [[Hermeneutics]]
* [[Historicism]]
* [[Historism]]
* [[Human science]]
* [[Humanities]]
* [[Methodological dualism]]
* [[Problem of induction]]
* [[Reflectivism]]
| group5 = Related [[paradigm shift]]s<br />in the [[history of science]]
| list5 =
* [[Non-Euclidean geometry]] (1830s)
* [[Uncertainty principle]] (1927)
| group6 = Related topics
| list6 =
* [[Behavioralism]]
** [[Post-behavioralism]]
* [[Critical rationalism]]
* [[Criticism of science]]
* [[Epistemology]]
** [[Epistemological anarchism|anarchism]]
** [[Epistemological idealism|idealism]]
** [[Epistemological nihilism|nihilism]]
** [[Epistemological pluralism|pluralism]]
** [[Epistemological realism|realism]]
* [[Holism]]
* [[Instrumentalism]]
* [[Modernism]]
* [[Naturalism (literature)|Naturalism in literature]]
* [[Nomothetic and idiographic|Nomothetic–idiographic distinction]]
* [[Objectivity (science)|Objectivity in science]]
* [[Operationalization|Operationalism]]
* [[Phenomenalism]]
* [[Philosophy of science]]
** [[Deductive-nomological model]]
** [[Ramsey sentence]]
** [[Sense data|Sense-data theory]]
* [[Qualitative research]]
* [[Relationship between religion and science]]
* [[Sociology]]
* [[Social science]]
**[[Philosophy of social science|Philosophy]]
* [[Structural functionalism]]
* [[Structuralism]]
* [[Structuration theory]]
}}
| abbr2 = debate
| state2 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude>
| section2 = Positivist-related debate
| list2 = {{Navbox|child
| groupwidth = 12.0em <!--(as above)-->
<!-- Dated links listed chronologically -->
| group1 = Method
| list1 =
* {{lang|de|[[Methodenstreit]]}} (1890s)
* {{lang|de|[[Werturteilsstreit]]}} (1909–1959)
* {{lang|de|[[Positivism dispute|Positivismusstreit]]}} (1960s)<!--(A dispute between critical theory and critical rationalism, the former accusing the latter of positivism)-->
* [[Great Debates (international relations)#Fourth Great Debate|Fourth Great Debate in international relations]] (1980s)
* [[Science wars]] (1990s)
| group2 = Contributions
| list2 =
* ''[[The Course in Positive Philosophy]]'' (1830)
* ''[[A General View of Positivism]]'' (1848)
* ''[[Critical History of Philosophy]]'' (1869)
* ''[[Idealism and Positivism]]'' (1879–1884)
* ''[[The Analysis of Sensations]]'' (1886)
* ''[[The Logic of Modern Physics]]'' (1927)
* ''[[Language, Truth, and Logic]]'' (1936)
* ''[[The Two Cultures]]'' (1959)
* ''[[The Universe in a Nutshell]]'' (2001)
| group3 = Proponents
| list3 =
* [[Richard Avenarius]]
* [[A. J. Ayer]]
* [[Alexander Bogdanov]]
* [[Auguste Comte]]
* [[Eugen Dühring]]
* [[Émile Durkheim]]
* [[Ernst Laas]]
* [[Ernst Mach]]
* [[Berlin Circle]]
* [[Vienna Circle]]
| group4 = Criticism
| list4 =
* ''[[Materialism and Empirio-criticism]]'' (1909)
* ''[[History and Class Consciousness]]'' (1923)
* ''[[The Logic of Scientific Discovery]]'' (1934)
* ''[[The Poverty of Historicism]]'' (1936)
* ''[[World Hypotheses]]'' (1942)
* ''[[Two Dogmas of Empiricism]]'' (1951)
* ''[[Truth and Method]]'' (1960)
* ''[[The Structure of Scientific Revolutions]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Conjectures and Refutations]]'' (1963)
* ''[[One-Dimensional Man]]'' (1964)
* ''[[Knowledge and Human Interests]]'' (1968)
* ''[[The Poverty of Theory]]'' (1978)<!--(A critique of post-structuralism)-->
* ''[[The Scientific Image]]'' (1980)
* ''[[The Rhetoric of Economics]]'' (1986)
| group5 = Critics
| list5 =
* [[Theodor W. Adorno]]
* [[Gaston Bachelard]]
* [[Mario Bunge]]
* [[Wilhelm Dilthey]]
* [[Paul Feyerabend]]
* [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]]
* [[Thomas Kuhn]]
* [[György Lukács]]
* [[Karl Popper]]
* [[Willard Van Orman Quine]]
* [[Max Weber]]
| group6 = Concepts in contention
| list6 =
* [[Knowledge]]
* [[Objectivity (philosophy)|Objectivity]]
* {{transl|grc|[[Phronesis]]}}
* [[Truth]]
* {{lang|de|[[Verstehen]]}}
}}
| below = {{c|Positivism|Category}}
}}<noinclude>
{{Documentation | content =
{{Collapsible sections option |list = debate}}
{{collapsible option |default = collapsed}}
[[Category:Philosophy and thinking navigational boxes]]
}}</noinclude>
| name = Positivism
| title = [[Positivism]]
| state = {{{state<includeonly>|collapsed</includeonly>}}}
| listclass = hlist
| selected = {{{selected|{{{expanded|{{{1|}}}}}}}}}
| list1 = {{Navbox|child
| groupwidth = 12.0em <!--(as below)-->
| group1 = <!--[Superfluous?:] Positivist p-->Perspectives
| list1 =
* [[Antihumanism]]
* [[Empiricism]]
* [[Rationalism]]
* [[Scientism]]
| group2 = Declinations
| list2 =
* [[Legal positivism]]
* [[Logical positivism]]{{\}}[[analytic philosophy]]
* [[Positivist school (criminology)|Positivist school]]
* [[Postpositivism]]
* [[Sociological positivism]]
* [[Ernst Mach|Machian positivism (empirio-criticism)]]
* [[Rankean historical positivism]]
* [[Positivism in Poland|Polish positivism]]
* [[Russian Machism]]
| group3 = Principal concepts
| list3 =
* [[Consilience]]
* [[Demarcation problem|Demarcation]]
* [[Evidence]]
* [[Inductive reasoning|Induction]]
* [[Justification (epistemology)|Justification]]
* [[Pseudoscience]]
* [[Vienna Circle#Critique of metaphysics|Critique of metaphysics]]
* [[Unity of science]]
* [[Verificationism]]
| group4 = Antitheses
| list4 =
* [[Antipositivism]]
* [[Confirmation holism]]
* [[Critical theory]]
* [[Falsifiability]]
* {{lang|de|[[Geisteswissenschaft]]}}
* [[Hermeneutics]]
* [[Historicism]]
* [[Historism]]
* [[Human science]]
* [[Humanities]]
* [[Methodological dualism]]
* [[Problem of induction]]
* [[Reflectivism]]
| group5 = Related [[paradigm shift]]s<br />in the [[history of science]]
| list5 =
* [[Non-Euclidean geometry]] (1830s)
* [[Uncertainty principle]] (1927)
| group6 = Related topics
| list6 =
* [[Behavioralism]]
** [[Post-behavioralism]]
* [[Critical rationalism]]
* [[Criticism of science]]
* [[Epistemology]]
** [[Epistemological anarchism|anarchism]]
** [[Epistemological idealism|idealism]]
** [[Epistemological nihilism|nihilism]]
** [[Epistemological pluralism|pluralism]]
** [[Epistemological realism|realism]]
* [[Holism]]
* [[Instrumentalism]]
* [[Modernism]]
* [[Naturalism (literature)|Naturalism in literature]]
* [[Nomothetic and idiographic|Nomothetic–idiographic distinction]]
* [[Objectivity (science)|Objectivity in science]]
* [[Operationalization|Operationalism]]
* [[Phenomenalism]]
* [[Philosophy of science]]
** [[Deductive-nomological model]]
** [[Ramsey sentence]]
** [[Sense data|Sense-data theory]]
* [[Qualitative research]]
* [[Relationship between religion and science]]
* [[Sociology]]
* [[Social science]]
**[[Philosophy of social science|Philosophy]]
* [[Structural functionalism]]
* [[Structuralism]]
* [[Structuration theory]]
}}
| abbr2 = debate
| state2 = <noinclude>expanded</noinclude>
| section2 = Positivist-related debate
| list2 = {{Navbox|child
| groupwidth = 12.0em <!--(as above)-->
<!-- Dated links listed chronologically -->
| group1 = Method
| list1 =
* {{lang|de|[[Methodenstreit]]}} (1890s)
* {{lang|de|[[Werturteilsstreit]]}} (1909–1959)
* {{lang|de|[[Positivism dispute|Positivismusstreit]]}} (1960s)<!--(A dispute between critical theory and critical rationalism, the former accusing the latter of positivism)-->
* [[Great Debates (international relations)#Fourth Great Debate|Fourth Great Debate in international relations]] (1980s)
* [[Science wars]] (1990s)
| group2 = Contributions
| list2 =
* ''[[The Course in Positive Philosophy]]'' (1830)
* ''[[A General View of Positivism]]'' (1848)
* ''[[Critical History of Philosophy]]'' (1869)
* ''[[Idealism and Positivism]]'' (1879–1884)
* ''[[The Analysis of Sensations]]'' (1886)
* ''[[The Logic of Modern Physics]]'' (1927)
* ''[[Language, Truth, and Logic]]'' (1936)
* ''[[The Two Cultures]]'' (1959)
* ''[[The Universe in a Nutshell]]'' (2001)
| group3 = Proponents
| list3 =
* [[Richard Avenarius]]
* [[A. J. Ayer]]
* [[Alexander Bogdanov]]
* [[Auguste Comte]]
* [[Eugen Dühring]]
* [[Émile Durkheim]]
* [[Ernst Laas]]
* [[Ernst Mach]]
* [[Berlin Circle]]
* [[Vienna Circle]]
| group4 = Criticism
| list4 =
* ''[[Materialism and Empirio-criticism]]'' (1909)
* ''[[History and Class Consciousness]]'' (1923)
* ''[[The Logic of Scientific Discovery]]'' (1934)
* ''[[The Poverty of Historicism]]'' (1936)
* ''[[World Hypotheses]]'' (1942)
* ''[[Two Dogmas of Empiricism]]'' (1951)
* ''[[Truth and Method]]'' (1960)
* ''[[The Structure of Scientific Revolutions]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Conjectures and Refutations]]'' (1963)
* ''[[One-Dimensional Man]]'' (1964)
* ''[[Knowledge and Human Interests]]'' (1968)
* ''[[The Poverty of Theory]]'' (1978)<!--(A critique of post-structuralism)-->
* ''[[The Scientific Image]]'' (1980)
* ''[[The Rhetoric of Economics]]'' (1986)
| group5 = Critics
| list5 =
* [[Theodor W. Adorno]]
* [[Gaston Bachelard]]
* [[Mario Bunge]]
* [[Wilhelm Dilthey]]
* [[Paul Feyerabend]]
* [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]]
* [[Thomas Kuhn]]
* [[György Lukács]]
* [[Karl Popper]]
* [[Willard Van Orman Quine]]
* [[Max Weber]]
| group6 = Concepts in contention
| list6 =
* [[Knowledge]]
* [[Objectivity (philosophy)|Objectivity]]
* {{transl|grc|[[Phronesis]]}}
* [[Truth]]
* {{lang|de|[[Verstehen]]}}
}}
| below = {{c|Positivism|Category}}
}}<noinclude>
{{Documentation | content =
{{Collapsible sections option |list = debate}}
{{collapsible option |default = collapsed}}
[[Category:Philosophy and thinking navigational boxes]]
}}</noinclude>