Abandinus
Abandinus was a Celtic god or male spirit worshipped at Godmanchester in Cambridgeshire during the Romano-Celtic period.[1]
Epigraphic evidence
Abandinus is represented in Britain on a single altarstone. He is unknown throughout the rest of the Roman Empire and is therefore thought to have been a local god of the Roman fort at Godmanchester in Cambridgeshire, possibly associated with either a natural spring or a stream in the neighbourhood.[2]
The Roman fort at Godmanchester, a strategic site on Ermine Street at the crossing of the River Great Ouse, is thought to have been called Durovigutum.[3] The god is known only from an inscribed bronze feather, very likely some sort of votive object, dedicated to him.[3] The inscription on the bronze feather reads:
"DEO ABANDINO VATIAVCVS D S D"
- ‘To the god Abandinus, Vatiacus dedicates this out of his own funds’.[3]
Interpreting the god's name
The name's meaning is unknown. But it can be narrowed down. The name can be interpreted as an extended form of a stem composed of Proto-Celtic elements deriving from Proto-Indo-European roots *ad- ‘to’[4] + either *bʰend- ‘sing, rejoice’[5] or *bʰendʰ- ‘bind’.[6] Along these lines, the name would mean ‘(the god) who sings to (something/someone)’ or ‘(the god) who binds (something/someone) to (something/someone).’
However, it is also possible to see the name as an extended form of a variant form of the Proto-Celtic word *abon- ‘river,’ derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ab-, *h₂eb- ‘water, river’.[7] The shorter element *abo- likely existed in the Proto-Celtic hydronomy as a word for ‘river’ or ‘water.’ It is evident in Romano-Celtic as an unspecific variant name for the rivers flowing into the Humber, documented as Abus. This element developed in Modern Welsh as aber- meaning ‘river estuary’. This *abo- element could have been the source of the Ab-- element in the theonym Abandinus. So the name can also be analysed as *Ab-Andinus ‘Andinus of the River,’ Andinus being a theonym attested elsewhere in the ancient Roman Empire.
References
- ↑ Jordan, Michael (1993). Encyclopedia of gods : over 2,500 deities of the world. Internet Archive. New York: Facts on File. pp. 1.
- ↑ The Gods Of Roman Britain
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Dvrovigvtvm Archived April 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch:entry 7, Indogermanisches Wörterbuch, 2.
- ↑ Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch:entry 226, Indogermanisches Wörterbuch, 118.
- ↑ Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch:entry 227, Indogermanisches Wörterbuch, 118.
- ↑ Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch:entry 2, Indogermanisches Wörterbuch, 1.