1090
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Year 1090 (MXC) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
- A third Almoravid expedition is launched in Al-Andalus, designed to finally subdue the Taifa's Kingdoms. The cities of Córdoba, Seville, Granada, Málaga, Almería and Ronda fall to the troops of Sultan Yusuf ibn Tashfin.[1]
- King Stephen II of Croatia becomes involved in an open conflict between factions of the Croatian nobility, who reassert their traditional rights in their own counties.
- November 3 – King William Rufus of England tries to take advantage of the unrest in Normandy and take it from his brother Robert Curthose. Though he wins over several Norman nobles to his side, his plot to capture the capital city of Rouen fails.[2]
Middle East
- Hassan-i Sabbah founds the Nizari Ismaili state after taking control of the Alamut Castle and organising the military group called the Order of Assassins.[3]
Africa
- Béjaïa (or Bugia) becomes the capital of the Hammadid dynasty in modern-day Algeria. It becomes an important port and centre of culture.
By topic
Arts and Culture
- Troubadours begin playing in western Aquitaine (Poitou and Saintonge) and Gascony (approximate date).
Science and Technology
- Qin Guan, Chinese poet of the Song dynasty, writes the Can Shu (Book of Sericulture), which describes a silk-reeling machine that has the world's oldest known mechanical belt drive.
Births
- January 17 – Qin Hui, Chinese chancellor (d. 1155)
- unknown dates
- probable
- Adolf III, German count of Berg and Hövel (d. 1152)
- Agnes I, German abbess of Quedlinburg (approximate date)
- Alaungsithu, Burmese king of the Pagan dynasty (d. 1167)
- Arnold of Brescia, Italian canon regular (approximate date)
- Bernard of Clairvaux, French abbot and theologian (d. 1153)
- Chen Yuyi, Chinese politician of the Song dynasty (d. 1138)
- Eliezer ben Nathan, German rabbi and liturgical poet (d. 1170)
- Eric II ("the Memorable"), king of Denmark (approximate date)
- Fujiwara no Akisuke, Japanese nobleman and poet (d. 1155)
- Juliane de Fontevrault, illegitimate daughter of King Henry I of England
- Conrad I, Duke of Zähringen, German nobleman and rector of Burgundy (d. 1152)
- Niklot (or Nyklot), Obotrite prince and tribal chief (d. 1160)
- Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester, illegitimate son of King Henry I of England
- Theobald II, Count of Champagne ("the Great"), French nobleman
- Theobald of Bec, Norman churchman, archbishop of Canterbury
- William de Mohun, 1st Earl of Somerset, Anglo-Norman nobleman
Deaths
- March 22 – García II, king of Galicia and Portugal (b. 1042)
- April 16 – Sikelgaita, Lombard duchess of Apulia (b. 1040)
- May 3 – Adelaide of Rheinfelden, queen consort of Hungary[6]
- May 12 – Liutold of Eppenstein, German nobleman
- May 18 – Berthold of Rheinfelden, German nobleman
- June 26 – Jaromír, Bohemian prince and bishop
- July 3 – Egbert II (or Ekbert), German nobleman
- August 11 – Fujiwara no Atsuie, Japanese nobleman (b. 1033)[7]
- August 13 – Constance of Normandy, duchess of Brittany
- unknown dates
- Abd al-Jalil ibn Wahbun, Moorish poet and writer
- Fayun Faxiu, Chinese Chan Buddhist monk (b. 1027)
- Richard fitz Gilbert, Norman nobleman (b. c.10350
- Guo Xi, Chinese landscape painter[8]
- St Isaiah of Rostov, Kievan missionary and bishop[9]
- Raynald I, French Benedictine abbot (b. 1059)
- William of Poitiers, French priest and chronicler (b. c.1020)
- probable
- Osbern of Canterbury, English hagiographer
References
- ↑ Gilbert Meynier (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; p. 83.
- ↑ Hollister, Charles Warren (January 1, 2001). Henry I. Yale University Press. pp. 69–71. ISBN 978-0-300-09829-7. Retrieved September 17, 2025.
- ↑ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
- ↑ John B. Freed (January 1, 2016). Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth. Yale University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-300-12276-3.
- ↑ McMillan, Peter. 2010 (1st ed. 2008). One Hundred Poets, One Poem Each. New York: Columbia University Press. Page 146
- ↑ Eleventh-century Germany: The Swabian chronicles. Manchester University Press. January 1, 2013. p. 299. ISBN 978-1-5261-1282-8.
- ↑ Kanō, higefumi (1983). "Fujiwara no Atsuie" 藤原敦家. Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten 日本古典文学大辞典 (in Japanese). 5. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. p. 267. OCLC 11917421.
- ↑ Barnhart, R. M. et al. (1997). Three thousand years of Chinese painting. New Haven, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-07013-6 Page 372
- ↑ Alban Butler; Paul Burns (January 1, 1997). Butler's Lives of the Saints. A&C Black. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-86012-254-8.