List of national independence days

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"Independence Day" redirects here. For other uses, see Independence Day (disambiguation).
For patriotic days not necessarily linked to independence, see National Day.

File:National Days map.svg
  Independence-related National Day
  Unification- or revolution-related national day
  Other reasons for national day
  No official National Day

An Independence Day is an annual event commemorating the anniversary of a nation's independence or statehood, usually after ceasing to be a group or part of another nation or state, or after the end of a military occupation, or after a major change in government. Many countries commemorate their independence from a colonial empire.

Not all countries mark independence as a national holiday. Many, such as Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, France,[1] Japan, New Zealand, Ireland, Luxembourg, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Taiwan, and Turkey mark other dates of significance.

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
List of independence days of countries around the world
Country Event commemorated Date of holiday Year of event Independence Gained From Notes
File:Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan Independence Day 19 August (De jure) 1919 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 or Treaty of Rawalpindi, an armistice between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan during the Third Anglo-Afghan War.[2]
Liberation Day 15 February 1989 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan.
File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania Independence Day 28 November 1912 File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire Albanian Declaration of Independence. During the First Balkan War, risked by separation after war, Ismail Qemali, the first Albanian leader, declared independence in a speech only 5 minutes long. This became the Second November, after the First November, when Skanderbeg raised the Albanian flag in Krujë.
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Independence Day 5 July 1962 File:Flag of France.svg France Algeria gained independence following the Algerian War and the Algerian independence referendum. France officially recognized independent Algeria on 3 July, but the Independence Day is celebrated on 5 July, the day of the fall of Algiers in 1830 and the beginning of French Algeria.[3][4]
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola Independence Day 11 November 1975 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal The Alvor Agreement, signed on 15 January 1975, granted Angola independence from Portugal on 11 November, ending the Angolan War of Independence.[5]
File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Independence Day 1 November 1981 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom The effective date of the Antigua Termination of Association Order passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in July.[6][7]
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina Independence Day 9 July 1816[8] File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Argentine Declaration of Independence.
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Republic Day (Hanrapetut’yan or) 28 May 1918[9] File:Flag RSFSR 1918.svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Declaration of Independence of Armenia (1918).
Independence Day 21 September 1991 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union 1991 Armenian independence referendum.
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Independence Day (Müstəqillik Günü) 28 May 1918 File:Flag RSFSR 1918.svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Declaration of Independence of Azerbaijan.
Day of Restoration of Independence 18 October 1991[10] File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Adoption of the constitutional act "On the State Independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan".[10]
File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg The Bahamas Independence Day 10 July 1973 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Effective date of The Bahamas Independence Order 1973.[11]
File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Independence Day 16 December 1971 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Ascension of Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa to the throne.[12]
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Independence and National Day (Sbādhīnôtā Ō Jātīẏô Dibôs) 26 March 1971 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence.
Victory Day 16 December 1971 Victory over Pakistan Armed Forces in the Bangladesh Liberation War.
File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Independence Day 30 November 1966 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Effective date of the Barbados Independence Act 1966. Also the anniversary of the formal proclamation of Barbados as a Republic in the Commonwealth in 2021.
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Independence Day (Dzien Niezaliežnasci) 3 July 1944 File:Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Germany The liberation of Minsk after several years of German occupation in 1944. Two other independence days – 25 March (proclamation of the Belarusian People's Republic in 1918) and 27 July (independence from the Soviet Union in 1990) – are commemorated unofficially, mainly by the Belarusian diaspora and the anti-Lukashenko opposition.[13]
File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium National Day 21 July 1831 Netherlands Netherlands Ascension of Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld to the throne.[14]
File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize Independence Day 21 September 1981 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Effective day of the Belize Act 1981.[15]
File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin Independence Day 1 August 1960 File:Flag of France.svg France Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 11 July creating the independent Republic of Dahomey.[16]
File:Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg Bolivia Independence Day 6 August 1825 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Bolivian Declaration of Independence.
File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Independence Day 1 March 1992 File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia 1992 Bosnian independence referendum.
File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana Independence Day 30 September 1966 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Effective date of the Botswana Independence Act 1966.[17]
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil Independence Day (Dia da Independência) 7 September 1822 File:Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves.svg Portugal Declaration of independence by Pedro I of Brazil (see Independence of Brazil).[18]
File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei National Day (Hari Kemerdekaan or Hari Kebangsaan) 23 February 1984 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Brunei gained full independence effective 1 January 1984 under the Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation of 7 January 1979 between United Kingdom and Brunei.[19] However, the celebrations of the first National Day were delayed until 23 February and that day continues to be celebrated since.[20]
File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Liberation Day 3 March 1878 File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire Treaty of San Stefano which created the autonomous Principality of Bulgaria.[21]
Independence Day 22 September 1908[22] Bulgarian Declaration of Independence.[22]
File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Proclamation of Independence Day 11 December 1958 File:Flag of France.svg France Effective date when French Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community.
Independence Day 5 August 1960[23] Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 11 July and creation of the independent Republic of Upper Volta.[16]
File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi Independence Day 1 July 1962 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Effective date of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1746 terminating the Ruanda-Urundi Trusteeship.[24][25]
File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia Independence Day (Bony Ekreachychate) 9 November 1953 File:Flag of France.svg France Ceremony transferring military from French to Cambodian officials based on a military hand-over agreement reached on 17 October 1953.[26][27]
File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon National Day 20 May 1972 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of France.svg France 		Cameroon gained independence on 1 January 1960, but does not celebrate that date. Instead, it celebrates the National Day on 20 May commemorating the 1972 Cameroonian constitutional referendum.[28]
File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Canada Day 1 July 1867 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Canada Day on 1 July commemorates the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867.[29]
File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Independence Day 5 July 1975 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Effective date of the Agreement Between Portugal and Partido Africano para a Independência da Guiné e Cabo Verde (PAIGC) signed on 18 December 1974.[30]
File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic National Day 1 December 1958 File:Flag of France.svg France Effective date when Central African Republic became an autonomous republic of the French Community.[31]
Independence Day 13 August 1960[32] Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 12 July.[16]
File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad Republic Day 28 November 1958[33] Effective date when Chad became an autonomous republic in the French Community.[34]
Independence Day 11 August 1960 Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 12 July.[16]
File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile Independence Day (part of Fiestas Patrias) 18 September 1810 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Establishment of the Government Junta of Chile.[35] The following day, 19 September, is celebrated as the Army Day.[36] The two holidays collectively are known as Fiestas Patrias.[37]
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Independence Day 20 July 1810 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Colombian Declaration of Independence.
File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros Independence Day 6 July 1975 File:Flag of France.svg France Unilateral declaration of independence by the Chamber of Deputies of Comoros following the 1974 Comorian independence referendum.[38]
File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Congo, Democratic Republic of the Independence Day 30 June 1960 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Effective date of the Treaty of Friendship, Assistance and Co-operation between Belgium and the Congo concluded on 29 June 1960.[39]
File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Congo, Republic of the Republic Day 28 November 1958[40] File:Flag of France.svg France Effective date when Congo became an autonomous republic in the French Community.[40]
Independence Day 15 August 1960 Congo gains full independence from France.[41]
File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica Independence Day 15 September 1821 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Act of Independence of Central America.[citation needed]
File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia National Day 30 May[42] 1990[43] File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia First session of the Croatian Parliament following the 1990 Croatian parliamentary election.[43] 8 October (when the parliament adopted a decision to sever constitutional relations with Yugoslavia in 1991) and 25 June (when the parliament voted for independence in 1991) were also celebrated as independence days. After the 2019 changes to the law on public holidays, 8 October is the Parliament Day and 25 June is the Independence Day, but they are memorial days and not public holidays.[42]
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Independence Day[44] 10 October 1868[45] File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Call to rebellion (known as Grito de Yara) by sugar planter Carlos Manuel de Cespedes that led to the Ten Years' War for independence.[46]
10 December 1898 Spain cedes Cuba to the United States as a result of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, which marked the end of the Spanish–American War.
20 May 1902 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Independence of Cuba from the United States. However, Cuba remained under direct U.S. influence until 1934 as a result of the Platt Amendment.
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus Independence Day 1 October 1960 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Effective date of the London-Zürich Agreements was 16 August 1960, but the public holiday was moved to 1 October to avoid summer heat and tourist season.[47]
File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Independence Day 28 October 1918 File:Flag of Austria-Hungary (1869-1918).svg Austria-Hungary Independence declaration by the Czechoslovak National Council.[48] Official day of independence of the Czech Republic
Restoration Day 1 January 1993[49] File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia Effective date of the Peaceful Dissolution of Czechoslovakia into Czech Republic and Slovakia.[50] Establishment of the first Czech state since the Jagiellonian Kingdom of Bohemia.
File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti Independence Day 27 June 1977 File:Flag of France.svg France Independence from France following a successful independence referendum held in May 1977.[51]
File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica Independence Day 3 November 1978 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Independence from the United Kingdom following the creation of the Dominican constitution.[52]
File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic Independence Day 1 December 1821 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Independence from Spain in December 1821.[53]
27 February 1844 Template:Country data Republic of Haiti (1820–1849) Independence re-declared from Haiti in 1844, after a 22-year occupation. Start of the Dominican War of Independence.
Restoration Day 16 August 1863 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Day of Grito del Capotillo on 16 August 1863. Independence officially restored from Spain on 11 July 1865, after victory in the Dominican Restoration War.
File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador Independence Day 10 August 1809 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Proclaimed independence on 10 August 1809, but failed with the execution of all the conspirators of the movement on 2 August 1810.
File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Revolution Day 23 July 1952 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom The Egyptian Revolution of 1952 abolished the Kingdom of Egypt, ended British influence in the country, and established an independent republic.[54]
File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador Independence Day 15 September 1821 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Act of Independence of Central America.[citation needed]
File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Independence Day 12 October 1968 File:Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg Spain Independence from Spain following the country's only free and fair election to date in September 1968.[55]
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Independence Day 24 May 1991 File:Flag of Ethiopia (1991-1996).svg Ethiopia Eritrean War of Independence.
File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Independence Day (Iseseisvuspäev) 24 February 1918 File:Flag RSFSR 1918.svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany 		Estonian Declaration of Independence.
Day of Restoration of Independence[56] 20 August 1991 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union[56] Estonian Restoration of Independence.
File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini Independence Day (Somhlolo Day) 6 September 1968 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Commemorates independence.[57] Also called Somhlolo Day or Subhuza Day, after the 19th-century leader Sobhuza I.[58]
File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Fiji Day 10 October 1970 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Instruments of Independence
File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland Independence Day (Itsenäisyyspäivä) 6 December 1917 File:Flag RSFSR 1918.svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Finnish Declaration of Independence
File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon Independence Day 16–17 August 1960 File:Flag of France.svg France Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 15 July.[16]
File:Flag of The Gambia.svg The Gambia Independence Day 18 February 1965 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Effective date of the Gambia Independence Act 1964.
File:Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia Independence Day (Damouk'ideblobis dghe) 26 May 1918 File:Flag RSFSR 1918.svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Day of the proclamation of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918.
National Unity Day 9 April 1991 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Commemoration of both the April 9 tragedy 1989 (also known as Tbilisi Massacre, Tbilisi tragedy) when on Rustaveli Avenue, in Tbilisi an anti-Soviet demonstration was dispersed by the Soviet Army, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries, as well as the declaration of independence by Zviad Gamsakhurdia following an independence referendum in March 1991.[59]
File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany German Unity Day 3 October 1990 File:Flag of Germany.svg West Germany
File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany 		It commemorates German reunification in 1990 when the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) were unified.
File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana Independence Day 6 March 1957 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom On Wednesday, 6 March 1957, when Kwame Nkrumah, the inaugural Prime Minister of Ghana, declared to the people of Ghana about their freedom, he added that, "the African People are capable of managing their own affairs and Ghana our beloved country is free forever." Ghana was the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa to achieve its independence from European colonial rule.[60][61]
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece Independence Day 25 March 1821 File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire Declaration of independence 1821. Start of the Greek War of Independence.
File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada Independence Day 7 February 1974 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Accession of Sir Eric Gairy as the inaugural Prime Minister of Grenada.[62]
File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala Independence Day 15 September 1821 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Act of Independence of Central America.[citation needed]
File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Independence Day 2 October 1958 File:Flag of France.svg France Withdrawal of French authority after the collapse of the Fourth Republic and establishment of the Fifth Republic that led to an overwhelming vote for independence in a referendum in September 1958.[63]
File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau Independence Day 24 September 1973 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Declaration of independence in September 1973 during the country's war of liberation, although it wouldn't be formally recognized by Portugal until a year later on 10 September 1974.[64][65]
File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana Independence Day 26 May 1966 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom The Guyana Independence Act came into effect.[66]
File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti Independence Day 1 January 1804 Template:Country data French First Republic
File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain 		Haitian Declaration of Independence.
File:Flag of Honduras (darker variant).svg Honduras Independence Day 15 September 1821 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Act of Independence of Central America.[citation needed]
File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland National Day 17 June 1944 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Effective date of the dissolution of the Danish–Icelandic Act of Union following the 1944 Icelandic constitutional referendum.[67]
File:Flag of India.svg India Independence Day (Swatantrata Diwas) 15 August 1947 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Effective date of the Indian Independence Act 1947.[lower-alpha 1]
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Independence Day (Hari Kemerdekaan) 17 August 1945 File:Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Japan
Template:Country data Dutch Empire 		Proclamation of Indonesian Independence.
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Independence Day 3 October 1932 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Iraq joined the League of Nations after gaining formal independence.[68]
File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel Independence Day (Yom Ha'atzmaut) Iyar 5 (On or between 15 April and 15 May, depending on the Hebrew calendar). 1948 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Template:Country data League of Nations British Mandate for Palestine 		Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708 in the Hebrew calendar). Yom Ha'atzmaut is celebrated on the Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday nearest to 5 Iyar, so it occurs between 3 and 6 Iyar each year; this means that the holiday can fall any time between and including 15 April and 15 May, according to the Gregorian calendar.
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy Anniversary of the Unification 17 March 1861 Template:Country data Austrian Empire The political and social movement that on 17 March 1861 ended in the annexation of various states of the Italian peninsula and its outlying isles to the Kingdom of Sardinia, resulting in the creation of the Kingdom of Italy.

It celebrates the birth of Italy as a modern nation state, which took place following the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy on 17 March 1861. However, the complete unification of Italy took place only in the following years.

File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast Independence Day 7 August 1960 File:Flag of France.svg France Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 11 July.[16]
File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Independence Day 6 August 1962 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Independence of Jamaica.
File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Independence Day 25 May 1946 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Template:Country data Emirate of Transjordan
Template:Country data League of Nations Mandate for Palestine 		Ascension of Abdullah I of Jordan to the throne.[67]
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Independence Day 16 December 1991 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union The Supreme Soviet of Kazakhstan passed the Constitutional Independence Law of Republic of Kazakhstan, and was the last country to declare independence from the Soviet Union.
File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Madaraka Day 1 June 1963 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Kenya attained internal self rule after being a British colony since 1920.[69]
Jamhuri Day 12 December 1963 Jomo Kenyatta was inaugurated as the first President of Kenya.[70]
File:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati National Day[citation needed] 12 July 1979 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Kiribati gained its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming a sovereign state in 1979.
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea National Liberation Day of Korea (Chogukhaebangŭi nal) 15 August 1945 File:Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Japan Liberation from the Empire of Japan in 1945. See Japanese Occupation of Korea. The Democratic People's Republic of Korea was founded in 1948.
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea March 1st Movement (Samiljeol) 1 March 1919 Korean Declaration of Independence in 1919. This day is celebrated as Samiljeol, or Independence Proclamation Day.
National Liberation Day of Korea (Gwangbokjeol) 15 August 1945 Liberation from the Empire of Japan in 1945. See Japanese Occupation of Korea. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was founded in 1919.
File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo Independence Day 17 February 2008 File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia 17 February is celebrated as Independence Day in Kosovo, commemorating the declaration of independence from Serbia in 2008, marking a significant milestone in the nation's history.
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait National Day 25 February 1961 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Independence actually occurred on 19 June 1961, but celebrate on 25 February each year to honor Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salim, who is credited with ending the treaties with Britain and instigating democratic life in Kuwait.
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Independence Day 31 August 1991 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union The Supreme Council of Kyrgyzstan adopted a law on the "Declaration on State Independence of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan".[71]
File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia (Proklamēšanas diena) 18 November 1918 File:Flag RSFSR 1918.svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany 		Proclamation of independence on 18 November 1918. Latvia was part of Russian Empire prior to World War I, but its territory had been ceded to German Empire in March 1918.
Day of Restoration of Independence 4 May 1990 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia.
File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Independence Day 22 November 1943 Template:Country data Vichy France Domestic and international pressure forced France to release the Lebanese prisoners from Rashaya Citadel.[72]
File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Independence Day 4 October 1966 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Name of the country changed from Basutoland to Lesotho.[73]
File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia Independence Day 26 July 1847 File:Emblem of American Colonization Society.svg American Colonization Society Liberian Declaration of Independence.
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya Independence Day 24 December 1951 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy
File:Flag of France.svg France 		Independence from Italy on 10 February 1947, released from British and French on 24 December 1951.
File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein National Day 15 August 1866 Template:Country data German Confederation Separation of the country from the German Confederation following the Austro-Prussian War.[74]
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Statehood Restoration Day (Valstybės atkūrimo diena) 16 February 1918 File:Flag RSFSR 1918.svg Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany 		Act of Independence of Lithuania.
Day of Restoration of Independence 11 March 1990 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania.
File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Independence Day 26 June 1960 File:Flag of France.svg France Separation of the autonomous Malagasy Republic from the French Community.[75]
File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi Independence Day 6 July 1964 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Name of the country changed from Nyasaland to Malawi.[76]
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Independence Day/National Day (Hari Kemerdekaan or Hari Kebangsaan) 31 August 1957 Malayan Declaration of Independence.
Malaysia Day (Hari Malaysia) 16 September 1965 Proclamation of Malaysia
File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives National Day 1st of Rabi' al-Awwal, 3rd month of Islamic calendar 1573 File:Flag of Portugal (1521).svg Portugal Termination of Portuguese rule in the archipelago following the uprising of Mohamed Thakurufaanu in 1573.[77]
Independence Day 26 July 1965 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Independence agreement formalized in Ceylon, signed by Prime Minister Ibrahim Nasir and High Commissioner Sir Michael Walker.[78]
File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali Independence Day 22 September 1960 File:Flag of France.svg France Dissolution of the Mali Federation following secession of Senegal led to the independence of the Sudanese Republic as the Republic of Mali.[79]
File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta Independence Day 21 September 1964 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Malta Independence Act.[80]
File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands Constitution Day 1 May 1979 File:Flag of the United States (Pantone).svg United States Constitution of the Marshall Islands enacted in force.[81]
File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania Independence Day 28 November 1960 File:Flag of France.svg France Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 19 October.[16]
File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Independence Day 12 March 1968 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Constitution of Mauritius enacted in force.[82]
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico Independence Day (Día de la independencia)
Cry of Dolores (Grito de Dolores) 		16 September 1810 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Start of the Mexican War of Independence.
File:Flag of Federated States of Micronesia.svg Micronesia Independence Day 3 November 1986 File:Flag of the United States (Pantone).svg United States Effective date of the Compact of Free Association.
File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Independence Day (Ziua Independenței) 27 August 1991 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Moldovan Declaration of Independence.
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Independence Day 29 December[83] 1911 File:Flag of the Qing Dynasty (1889-1912).svg Qing dynasty[84][85] Independence declared in 1911 during the Xinhai Revolution. However, Mongolian independence was neither recognized by Qing China nor its successor state, the Republic of China. The newly established Bogd Khanate of Mongolia led by the Bogd Khan lasted for 8 years until it was occupied by the Republic of China in 1919, to regain independence not long after.The Imperial Edict of the Abdication of the Qing Emperor issued in 1912 provided the legal basis for the Republic of China to inherit all Qing territories, including Mongolia.[86][87][88] The Republic of China later established de facto control over Mongolia in 1919. Mongolia subsequently re-asserted its independence in 1921. During the years of socialism, the value of this historically important day was ignored, but the law of the State Greate Khural of the Republic of Mongolia on 16 August 2007, made 29 December a public holiday, and later enshrined it into law on 23 December 2011, making it a public holiday, the Day of the Restoration of National Freedom and Independence.
File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Statehood Day 13 July 1878 File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire Commemorates the day in 1878 on which the Berlin Congress recognized Montenegro as an independent state, as well as also the 1941 uprising against Italian occupation.
Independence Day 21 May 2006 File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1992–2003); Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).svg Serbia and Montenegro 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum.
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Proclamation of Independence Day 11 January 1944 File:Flag of France.svg France
File:Flag of Spain (1938–1945).svg Spain 		Proclamation of Independence.
Independence Day 18 November 1955 Return of Mohammed V of Morocco from exile.
File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique Independence Day
(Dia da Independência Nacional) 		25 June 1975 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal In September 1964 the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) began an armed guerilla campaign against the Portuguese. FRELIMO took control of Maputo in April 1974 in a coup. Independence for Mozambique was officially declared a year later on 25 June 1975.[89]
File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Independence Day (Lwatlautrayynae) 4 January 1948 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Burmese Declaration of Independence.
File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Independence Day 21 March 1990 File:Flag of South Africa (1982–1994).svg South Africa The New York Accords signed in December 1988 guaranteed Namibian independence two years later.[90]
File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru Independence Day 31 January 1968 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 		Effective date of the Nauru Independence Act 1967. Also marks the date of the return of the Nauruans from Truk island after the Japanese occupation of Nauru during World War II.[91]
File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Independence Day 15 September 1821 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Act of Independence of Central America.[citation needed]
File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger Independence Day 3 August 1960 File:Flag of France.svg France Effective date of the agreement with France signed on 11 July.[16]
File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria Independence Day 1 October 1960 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Nigeria Independence Act 1960.[92]
File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia Republic Day 2 August 1903 File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire Republic Day: Recognition of the establishment of the short-lived Kruševo Republic during the Ilinden Uprising.
Independence Day (Den na nezavisnosta) 8 September 1991 File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia 1991 Macedonian independence referendum.[93]
File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway Constitution Day 17 May 1814 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark National Day: Independence and the Constitution of Norway (17 May 1814).
Independence Day 7 June 1905 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Union Dissolution and Independence Day (7 June 1905).
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Independence Day (Youm-e-Azadi) 14 August 1947 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Effective date of the Indian Independence Act 1947;[lower-alpha 2][94] see also: Pakistan Day (23 March).
File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau Independence Day 1 October 1994 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 9 July 1980 is Palau's Constitution Day usually commemorated with formal events. Independence Day celebrations are more elaborate and last several days.
File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama Independence Day 28 November 1821 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Independence Act of Panama
Separation Day 3 November 1903 File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia Panama was member of Gran Colombia until 1903. The 1903 separation from Colombia is celebrated as an official holiday day on 3 November.
File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Independence Day 16 September 1975 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Effective date of the Papua New Guinea Independence Act 1975[95]
File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay Independence Day 14 and 15 May 1811 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain[96] Revolution of May 14.[97]
File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru Independence Day 28 July 1821 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Peruvian independence proclaimed by General José de San Martín.[98]
File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines Independence Day (Araw ng Kalayaan or Araw ng Kasarinlan) 12 June 1898 Philippine Declaration of Independence by Emilio Aguinaldo during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. The Philippines achieved self-rule from the United States on 4 July 1946, and celebrated 4 July as Independence Day until 1964.[101]
Republic Day 4 July 1946 File:Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg United States Treaty of Manila.[102]
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland Independence Day (Święto Niepodległości) 11 November 1918 Template:Country data Russian Republic
File:Flag of Austria-Hungary (1869-1918).svg Austria-Hungary
File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany 		Restoration of Poland's independence in 1918 after 123 years of partitions by Russia, Prussia, and Austria.
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Restoration of Independence 1 December 1640 File:Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spain Portugal was officially an autonomous state, but the country was in a personal union with the Spanish crown from 1580 to 1640 – date of the restoration of full Portuguese autonomy from Iberian Union with Spain.[103]
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar National Day 18 December 1878 File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire On 18 December 1878, Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani succeeded his father, Mohammed bin Thani as ruler of the Qatari Peninsula. He was deemed to have unified all the local tribes by combating external forces, such as the British. He also earned a considerable degree of autonomy for the tribes of the peninsula.[104][105]
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania National Independence Day
(Ziua Independenței Naționale) 		10 May 1877 File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire Romania's declaration of its independence and subsequent victory in the Romanian War of Independence, part of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, against the Ottoman Empire.[106]
Great Union Day
(Ziua Unirii Mare) 		1 December 1918 File:Flag of Romania.svg Kingdom of Romania
File:Flag of Bukowina.svg Bukovina (Austria-Hungary)
File:Flag of Transylvania before 1918.svg Transylvania (Austria-Hungary)
File:National flag of the Moldavian Democratic Republic.svg Bessarabia (Russian Empire) 		Unification of Romania on 1 December 1918
File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Independence Day 1 July 1962 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Effective date of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1746 terminating the Rwanda-Urundi Trusteeship.[24][25]
File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Independence Day 19 September 1983 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Association with the United Kingdom fully terminated.[107]
File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia Independence Day 22 February 1979 Association with the United Kingdom fully terminated.[108]
File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Independence Day 27 October 1979 Association with the United Kingdom fully terminated.[109]
File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa Independence Day 1 June 1962 File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Named Western Samoa until 1997, it was the first Polynesian nation to be recognized as a sovereign state in the 20th century.[110]
File:Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe Independence Day 12 July 1975 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal Effective date of the agreement with Portugal reached on 26 November 1974.[111][112]
File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal Independence Day 4 April 1960 File:Flag of France.svg France Transfer of power agreement signed between the Mali Federation and France.[113]
File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Statehood Day 15 February 1804 and 1835 File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire Outbreak of the First Serbian Uprising in 1804, which evolved into a Serbian Revolution; the adoption of the first modern constitution in 1835.
File:Flag of the Seychelles.svg Seychelles Independence Day 29 June 1976 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Sir James R. Mancham became the country's first President, with France-Albert René as Prime Minister.[114]
File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Independence Day 27 April 1961 On 20 April 1960, Milton Margai led a 24-member Sierra Leonean delegation at constitutional conferences that were held with the Government of Queen Elizabeth II and British Colonial Secretary Iain Macleod in negotiations for independence held in London. On the conclusion of talks in London on 4 May 1960, the United Kingdom agreed to grant Sierra Leone independence on 27 April 1961.[115][116]
File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore National Day (Hari Kebangsaan) 9 August 1965 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Proclamation of Singapore.
File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Independence Day 28 October 1918 File:Flag of Austria-Hungary (1869-1918).svg Austria-Hungary Independence declaration by the Czechoslovak National Council.[117]
Independence Day 17 July 1992 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia Declaration of Independence in 1992 (only a remembrance day), de jure independence came on 1 January 1993, after the division of Czechoslovakia (public holiday).
Restoration Day 1 January 1993 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia Effective date of the Dissolution of Czechoslovakia into Czech Republic and Slovakia.[50] Establishment of the first Slovak state since the First Slovak Republic.
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Statehood Day 25 June 1991 File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia Date of Slovenia's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia in 1991.
Independence and Unity Day 26 December 1990 File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg Yugoslavia Date of the release of the official results of the independence plebiscite in 1990, confirming secession from Yugoslavia.
File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Independence Day 7 July 1978 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Solomon Islands Act 1978.[118]
File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Independence Day 26 June 1960 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy 		British Somaliland gained independence from the United Kingdom, although Italian Somaliland wouldn't do so from Italy until five days later.[119]
Republic Day 1 July 1960 The former Italian and British Somalilands unified as the Somali Republic on 1 July 1960.[120]
File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka Independence Day (Jātika Dinaya) 4 February 1948 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Celebrates to commemorate the country's political independence from British rule in 1948.[121] Event celebrated annually.
File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Independence Day 1 January 1956 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of Egypt (1952-1958).svg Egypt 		A polling process was carried out resulting in the composition of a democratic parliament and Ismail al-Azhari was elected first Prime Minister and led the first modern Sudanese government. On 1 January 1956, in a special ceremony held at the People's Palace, the Egyptian and British flags were lowered and the new Sudanese flag, composed of green, blue and yellow stripes, was raised in their place by the prime minister Ismail al-Azhari.[122]
File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan Independence Day 9 July 2011 File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan The 2011 South Sudanese independence referendum resulted in an overwhelming 98.3% vote in favor of independence, with well over 60% turnout. The predetermined date for the creation of an independent state was 9 July 2011.[123][124]
File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname Independence Day (Srefidensi) 25 November 1975 Template:Country data Dutch Empire Under the left-wing pro-independence Den Uyl cabinet Suriname gained independence, albeit with substantial Dutch foreign aid.[125]
File:Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland National Day 1 August 1291 Template:Country data Holy Roman Empire Alliance against the Holy Roman Empire in 1291.
File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden National Day 6 June 1523 File:Flag of the Kalmar Union.svg Kalmar Union Celebrates the election of King Gustav Vasa in 1523 and the new constitutions in 1809 and 1974. The election of King Gustav Vasa was the de facto end of the Kalmar Union.[126]
File:Flag of Syria.svg Syria Independence Day 17 April 1946 File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg France End of the French Mandate of Syria in 1946.
File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Independence Day 9 September 1991 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union On 9 September 1991, at the session Supreme Soviet, a Resolution and Declaration "On State Independence of the Republic of Tajikistan" was adopted, being formally signed by acting president Qadriddin Aslonov.[127][128]
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Independence Day 9 December 1961 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Independence as Tanganyika.
File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste Proclamation of Independence Day 28 November 1975 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal East Timor Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the Portuguese rule in 1975.
Day of Restoration of Independence 20 May 2002 File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia Timorese independence from Indonesian and United Nations administration in 2002.
File:Flag of Togo.svg Togo Independence Day 27 April 1960 File:Flag of France.svg France On 13 October 1958 the French government announced that full independence would be granted. On 14 November 1958 the United Nations’ General Assembly took note of the French government's declaration according to which Togo which was under French administration would gain independence in 1960, thus marking an end to the trusteeship period. On 5 December 1959 the United Nations’ General Assembly resolved that the UN Trusteeship Agreement with France for Cameroon would end when Togo became independent on 27 April 1960.[129][130][131]
Liberation Day 13 January 1963 A military coup on 13 January 1963 led to the assassination of President Sylvanus Olympio by a group of soldiers under the direction of Sergeant Gnassingbé Eyadéma.[132]
File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga Emancipation Day 4 June 1970 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Termination of protectorate status in 1970.
File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Independence Day 31 August 1962 Effective date of the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962.
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Independence Day 20 March 1956 File:Flag of France.svg France Termination of the Treaty of Bardo and signing of the Franco-Tunisian protocol led to the relinquishment of French authority over the country.[133]
File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan Independence Day 27 September 1991 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union[134] Saparmurat Niyazov was elected as the inaugural President of Turkmenistan.[135]
File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu Independence Day 1 October 1978 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Toaripi Lauti became the inaugural Tuvaluan prime minister.[136]
File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Independence Day 9 October 1962 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Initially a Commonwealth realm, the country would become a republic one year later.[137]
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Independence Day 24 August 1991 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Declaration of Independence of Ukraine
Day of Unity (Den Sobornosti) 22 January 1919 File:Flag RSFSR 1918.svg Russian SFSR
File:Flag of Austria-Hungary (1869-1918).svg Austria-Hungary 		Unification of Ukraine on 22 January 1919.[138]
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates National Day 2 December 1971 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Merger of six emirates in the Persian Gulf (Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Sharjah, and Umm Al Quwain) into a federal union.[139]
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States Independence Day or Fourth of July 4 July 1776 File:Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svg Kingdom of Great Britain United States Declaration of Independence
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay Independence Day 25 August 1825 File:Flag of Empire of Brazil (1822-1870).svg Empire of Brazil Declaration of independence and union with the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Independence Day 1 September 1991 File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Soviet Union Independence was declared in the same month as the failed coup attempt in Moscow.[140]
File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Independence Day 30 July 1980 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
File:Flag of France.svg France 		Name of the country changed from the New Hebrides to Vanuatu.[141]
File:Flag of the Vatican City.svg  Vatican City Lateran Treaty Day 11 February 1929 File:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg Italy Lateran Treaty establishing Vatican City as an independent state
File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Independence Day 5 July 1811 File:Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Spain Venezuelan Declaration of Independence.
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam National Day (Ngày Quốc Khánh) 2 September 1945 File:Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Japan
File:Flag of France.svg France 		Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Independence Day 30 November 1967 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Declaration of Independence of the South Yemen
File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia Independence Day 24 October 1964 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Effective date of the Zambia Independence Act 1964.
File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe Independence Day 18 April 1980 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Granting of independence by the United Kingdom in 1980

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Bastille Day – 14th July". Official Website of France. Archived from the original on 15 July 2014. Commemorating the storming of the Bastille on 14th July 1789, Bastille Day takes place on the same date each year. The main event is a grand military parade along the Champs-Élysées, attended by the President of the Republic and other political leaders. It is accompanied by fireworks and publics [sic] dances in towns throughout the whole of France.
  2. ↑ Ahmed, Faiz (13 November 2019). "Learning from Afghanistan's Independence". Perspectives on History. American Historical Association. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  3. ↑ Bellisari, Andrew H. (March 2017). "The Evian Accords: An Uncertain Peace". Origins: Current Events in Historical Perspective. History Departments at The Ohio State University and Miami University. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  4. ↑ Haouchine, Asiya (19 March 2015). "Today in History: Algeria and the Évian Accords". Warscapes Magazine. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  5. ↑ Kennes, Erik; Larmer, Miles (2016). The Katangese Gendarmes and War in Central Africa: Fighting Their Way Home. Indiana University Press. p. 102. ISBN 9780253021304.
  6. ↑ "Antigua Termination of Association Order". Commons and Lords Hansard. UK Parliament. 14 July 1981. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  7. ↑ "Antigua (Termination of Association)". Commons and Lords Hansard. UK Parliament. 8 July 1981. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  8. ↑ "Argentina Public & Private Holidays (2020)". Edarabia. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  9. ↑ Ghazaryan, Gevorg (28 May 2019). "3 republics in a century – Armenia celebrates Republic Day". JAM News. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Rehimov, Ruslan (18 October 2019). "Azerbaijan marks 28th anniversary of independence". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  11. ↑ "The Bahamas Independence Order 1973". Political Database of the Americas. Center for Latin American Studies at Georgetown University. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  12. ↑ Yarbakhsh, Elisabeth (2019). The Middle East and South Asia 2019–2020 (53rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 42. ISBN 9781475852172.
  13. ↑ Borowska, Paula (28 July 2014). "Belarus' Three Independence Days". Belarus Digest. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  14. ↑ "Why does Belgium celebrate its National Day on 21 July?". VRT NWS. 21 July 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  15. ↑ Romero, M.A. (2011). "Belize The Struggle For Independence". ITM Ltd (Belize.com). Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 Whiteman, Marjorie Millace, ed. (June 1963). Digest of International Law. 1. U.S. Department of State. pp. 575–579.
  17. ↑ "Botswana Independence Act 1966". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  18. ↑ Manchester, Alan K. (1951). "The Recognition of Brazilian Independence". The Hispanic American Historical Review. 31 (1): 80–96. doi:10.2307/2509132. JSTOR 2509132.
  19. ↑ United Nations Department of Political Affairs, Trusteeship and Decolonization (December 1983). "Brunei" (PDF). Decolonization. 20: 3.
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  23. ↑ "Independence Day in Burkina Faso in 2020". Office Holidays Ltd. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
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  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Hamann, Hartmut; Berger, Antje C. (2019). "Burundi". In Minnerop, Petra; Wolfrum, Rüdiger; Lachenmann, Frauke (eds.). International Development Law: The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Oxford University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-19-883509-7.
  26. ↑ Sok, Sorin (November 2011). "Cambodia's Border with Engagement from Power Countries" (PDF). Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace. p. 4. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  27. ↑ Rust, William J. (2016). "A Shrewd Move (1953–1954)". Eisenhower and Cambodia: Diplomacy, Covert Action, and the Origins of the Second Indochina War Studies in Conflict, Diplomacy, and Peace. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813167459.
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  29. ↑ "Dominion of Canada". thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  30. ↑ United Nations Department of Political Affairs, Trusteeship and Decolonization (March 1975). "Developments in Cape Verde" (PDF). Decolonization. 2 (4): 32. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  31. ↑ "Independence Day in Burkina Faso in 2020". Office Holidays Ltd. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  32. ↑ "Independence Day in Central African Republic in 2020". Office Holidays Ltd. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  33. ↑ "Republic Day in Chad in 2020". Office Holidays Ltd. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  34. ↑ Bureau of Intelligence and Research, United States Department of State (May 1965). Profiles of Newly Independent States. Geographic Bulletin. 1. Office of Media Services, Bureau of Public Affairs. p. 17.
  35. ↑ Bizzarro, Salvatore (2005). Historical Dictionary of Chile (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 398. ISBN 9780810865426.
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  37. ↑ "Fiestas Patrias in Chile – What is going on?". The Santiago Times. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  38. ↑ Lansford, Tom, ed. (2017). "Comoros". Political Handbook of the World 2016–2017. 1. CQ Press. p. 319. ISBN 978-1-5063-2718-1.
  39. ↑ Baetens, Freya (2019). "Decolonization: Belgian Territories". In Minnerop, Petra; Wolfrum, Rüdiger; Lachenmann, Frauke (eds.). International Development Law: The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law. Oxford University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-19-883509-7.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Mehler, Andreas; Melber, Henning; Walraven, Klaas, eds. (2011). "Congo". Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010. 7. BRILL. p. 239. ISBN 9789004205567.
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  45. ↑ "Cubans commemorate the 150th anniversary of the commencement of wars for independence". Asberth News Network. 24 October 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  46. ↑ "This Day In Cuban History – October 10, 1868. Grito De Yara". The Cuban Studies Institute. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  47. ↑ Faustmann, Hubert (2001). "Independence Postponed: Cyprus 1959–1960". The Cyprus Review. 13–14: 99.
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  60. ↑ "5 Things To Know About Ghana's Independence Day". Africa.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
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  64. ↑ Benzinho, Joana; Rosa, Marta (December 2015). Discovering Guinea-Bissau (PDF). NGO afectos com Letra. p. 29. ISBN 978-989-20-6315-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
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  66. ↑ "History of Parliament". Parliament of the Co-Operative Republic of Guyana. Archived from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
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  68. ↑ Aldroubi, Mina; Mahmoud, Sinan. "The three kings of Iraq: How a short-lived monarchy changed the country forever". The National. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  69. ↑ Nyamwaya, Glena (1 June 2011). "Kenya marks 48 years of self-rule". Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
  70. ↑ Facts and Figures Government of Kenya, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (Accessed 1 June 2011)
  71. ↑ Kemel Toktomushev (4 October 2016). Kyrgyzstan - Regime Security and Foreign Policy. Taylor & Francis. p. 78. ISBN 9781315533483. Retrieved 20 December 2021. Accordingly, on 31 August 1991, the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic ceased to exist, giving way to the newly independent Kyrgyz Republic.
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  73. ↑ Karen Tranberg Hansen, Mariken Vaa (2004). Reconsidering Informality: Perspectives from Urban Africa. Nordic African Institute. p. 180. ISBN 91-7106-518-0.
  74. ↑ National Day Liechtenstein. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  75. ↑ "Independence Day in Madagascar in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  76. ↑ "Independence Day in Malawi in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  77. ↑ "Maldives National Day". Archived from the original on 13 April 2013.
  78. ↑ "Maldives Independence Day 2024: Celebrating 59 Years Of Autonomy". Local Events Today. 27 July 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  79. ↑ "Public Holidays". Embassy of the Republic of Mali to the United States. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  80. ↑ British Parliament. "Malta Independence Act" (PDF). Legislative.gov.uk, National British Government. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  81. ↑ "Constitution of the Marshall Islands". wipolex.wipo.int.
  82. ↑ "Independence For Mauritius (1968)". Youtube. British Pathé. 1968.
  83. ↑ Xiaoyuan Liu – Reins of Liberation, p.6
  84. ↑ Stephen Kotkin, Bruce A. Elleman – Mongolia in the twentieth century: landlocked cosmopolitan, p.74
  85. ↑ David Sneath – The Headless State: Aristocratic Orders, Kinship Society, and Misrepresentations of Nomadic Inner Asia, p.36
  86. ↑ Esherick, Joseph; Kayali, Hasan; Van Young, Eric (2006). Empire to Nation: Historical Perspectives on the Making of the Modern World. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 245. ISBN 9780742578159.
  87. ↑ Zhai, Zhiyong (2017). 憲法何以中國. City University of HK Press. p. 190. ISBN 9789629373214.
  88. ↑ Gao, Quanxi (2016). 政治憲法與未來憲制. City University of HK Press. p. 273. ISBN 9789629372910.
  89. ↑ "Independence Day in Mozambique in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  90. ↑ "Agreement among the People's Republic of Angola, the Republic of Cuba, and the Republic of South Africa (Tripartite Agreement)". United Nations.
  91. ↑ "Celebrating Nauru Independence Day". Commonwealth Business Communications LTD. 31 January 2023.
  92. ↑ Nigeria Independence Act 1960, 8 & 9 Eliz. 2 c.55
  93. ↑ Dieter Nohlen and Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook, p. 1278 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
  94. ↑ Bureau of Intelligence and Research, United States Department of State (May 1965). Profiles of Newly Independent States. Geographic Bulletin. 1. Office of Media Services, Bureau of Public Affairs. p. 7.
  95. ↑ David Lea (24 April 2023). Papua New Guinea in the Twenty-First Century: The Struggle for Development and Independence. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 45. ISBN 9781666917390.
  96. ↑ "Paraguay Independence Day". Archived from the original on 29 November 2015.
  97. ↑ Paraguay independence
  98. ↑ "Independence Day - Peru traditions". Peru Travel Tips. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  99. ↑ Macapagal, Diosdado, Proclamation No. 28 Declaring 12 June as Philippine Independence Day, Philippine History Group of Los Angeles, archived from the original on 12 May 2009, retrieved 11 November 2009
  100. ↑ "Republic Act No. 4166". 4 August 1964. Retrieved 5 August 2009.
  101. ↑ In 1962, President Diosdado Macapagal signed a proclamation which declared Tuesday, 12 June 1962 as a special public holiday in commemoration of the declaration of independence from Spain on that date in 1898. That proclamation did not move the date of the Independence Day holiday in the Philippines.[99] The date of the holiday was moved in 1964, with the signing of Republic Act No. 4166.[100]
  102. ↑ Treat of General Relations between the United States of America and the Republic of the Philippines. Signed at Manila, on 4 July 1946 (PDF), United Nations, archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011, retrieved 10 December 2007.
  103. ↑ The country's original independence (from the Kingdom of León) occurred on 24 June 1128 (Battle of São Mamede) and was recognized on 5 October 1143. That day is a holiday in Portugal, but for a different reason. (Implantation of the Republic, or Republic Day. Event of 1910.) Note that none of these events is similar to today's declarations or recognition of independence as these are in fact the recognition of the rule of a king to the land. Portugal existed as a separate entity before 1143 and during the union with Spain between 1580 and 1640.
  104. ↑ "Everything you need to know about Qatar National Day 2012". Doha News. 10 December 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  105. ↑ "UNESCO Doha celebrates Qatar National Day with Qatar National Commission". UNESCO. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  106. ↑ "9 Mai – Ziua Independenței de Stat a României". Agerpres (in Romanian). 9 May 2018.
  107. ↑ "Independence Day in Saint Kitts and Nevis in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  108. ↑ "Independence Day in Saint Lucia in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  109. ↑ "Independence Day in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  110. ↑ New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage (19 July 2010). "Towards independence - NZ in Samoa". nzhistory.net.nz. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
  111. ↑ "Acordo Portugal – MLSTP". Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril (in Portuguese). University of Coimbra. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  112. ↑ Samest Blaustein, Albert P.; Sigler, Jay Adrian; Beede, Benjamin R., eds. (1977). Independence Documents of the World. 2. Oceana Publications Inc. p. 597. ISBN 0379007959.
  113. ↑ Cabeen, David Clark; Brooks, Richard A.; Alden, Douglas W., eds. (1 January 1980). A Critical bibliography of French literature: in three parts. The Twentieth. Syracuse University Press.
  114. ↑ "Independence Day in Seychelles in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  115. ↑ Murtala Mohammed Kamara (28 February 2011). "Sierra Leone was ripe for Independence: Exclusive interview with Reginald Boltman". News.sl. Archived from the original on 26 November 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  116. ↑ Momoh, John (4 May 2011). "Sierra Leone: Viewpoint – Celebrating a New Nation!". allAfrica.com. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
  117. ↑ Mutschlechner, Martin (17 June 2014). "The Day of the Coup: 28 October 1918". The First World War and the End of the Habsburg monarchy. Translated by Abigail Prohaska. Schloß Schönbrunn Kultur- und Betriebsges.m.b.H. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  118. ↑ Section 1 of the Solomon Islands Act 1978
  119. ↑ "Independence Day in Somalia in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  120. ↑ "Republic Day in Somalia in 2021". Office Holidays. Retrieved 14 January 2021.
  121. ↑ "Sri Lanka Celebrates 72 Years of Nationhood". Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  122. ↑ "Brief History of the Sudan". Sudan Embassy in London. 20 November 2008. Archived from the original on 20 November 2008. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  123. ↑ "South Sudan backs independence – results". BBC News. 7 February 2011. Archived from the original on 25 November 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  124. ↑ Pflanz, Mike (8 January 2011). "Sudan referendum: what's being voted on and what will happen?". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  125. ↑ "Suriname was niet voorbereid op onafhankelijkheid". de Telegraaf via Nickerie.net (in Dutch). Retrieved 19 June 2020.
  126. ↑ "Sveriges nationaldag". nordiskamuseet.se. 26 February 2013. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  127. ↑ "Независимость Таджикистана. Как это было? | 20 лет Независимости Республики Таджикистан | Справочник г. Душанбе". vdushanbe.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 30 August 2017.
  128. ↑ Pannier, Bruce (13 October 2020). "Emomali Rahmon: The Accidental Leader Who Has Stayed In Power For Decades". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  129. ↑ "Togo Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Togo". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  130. ↑ "The future of Togoland under French administration". undocs.org. United Nations. A/RES/1253(XIII). Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  131. ↑ "Date of the independence of the Trust Territory of Togoland under French administration". undocs.org. United Nations. A/RES/1416(XIV). Archived from the original on 18 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
  132. ↑ Ellis, Stephen (1993). "Rumour and Power in Togo". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. Cambridge University Press. 63 (4): 462–476. doi:10.2307/1161002. hdl:1887/9061. JSTOR 1161002. S2CID 145261033.
  133. ↑ Victor Silvera, « Réflexions sur la crise des rapports franco-tunisiens », Politique étrangère, vol. 23, No. 2, 1958, Template:P.
  134. ↑ Edgar, Adrienne Lynn (2004). Tribal Nation: The Making of Soviet Turkmenistan. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 1. ISBN 0-691-11775-6. On October 27, 1991, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic declared its independence from the Soviet Union.
  135. ↑ Turkmenistan Country Study Guide Volume 1. Washington DC: International Business Publications. 2011. ISBN 9781438749082. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  136. ↑ "Tuvalu Independence Day". Nationaltoday.com. January 2023. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  137. ↑ Lee, J. M. (January 1964). "Uganda's first year of Independence". The Political Quarterly. 35 (1): 35–45. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.1964.tb01966.x.
  138. ↑ "Holidays". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 20 April 2006. Retrieved 24 August 2008.
  139. ↑ "Bahrain – Independence". Country-data.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  140. ↑ Lubin, Nancy. "Independence". A Country Study: Uzbekistan Archived 2013-08-31 at the Wayback Machine (Glenn E. Curtis, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (March 1996). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  141. ↑ MacClancy, Jeremy (January 1981). "To Kill a Bird with Two Stones – A Short History of Vanuatu". Vanuatu Cultural Centre. Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2020 – via Academia.edu.

Notes

  1. ↑ Independence was at midnight on the 14/15 August, Pakistan chose to celebrate independence on the 14th September and India on the 10th September.
  2. ↑ Independence was at midnight on the 14/15 August, Pakistan chose to celebrate independence on the 14th and India on the 15th.
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