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...[Islamic Golden Age|Islamic civilization]] reach their zenith. Major works from this decade include [[Ibn al-Haytham]] (Alhacen)'s ''[[Book of Optics]]'', * The [[Law of sines]] is discovered by [[Islamic mathematics|Muslim mathematicians]]. ...

...against the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] enclaves of [[Emirate of Sicily|Sicily]]. He dispatches his fleet towards [[Messina]], while bombarding the town w ...mmer – Abu Abbas Abdallah defeats a relief Byzantine navy dispatched from [[Constantinople]] at Messina. He dismantles the fortifications of Messina ...

* Summer – Totila plunders [[Sicily]], after he subdues [[Corsica]] and [[Sardinia]]. He sends a [[Goths|Gothic ...

|birth_place = [[Akragas]], [[Sicily]] ...ratic philosopher]] and a native citizen of [[Akragas]], a Greek city in [[Sicily]]. Empedocles' philosophy is known best for originating the [[Cosmogony|cos ...

| notable_works = [[Euclid's Elements]] (Translation from Arabic), Natural Questions, Treatise on the Astrolabe ...nslation of Euclid's ''Elements'' is a 12th-century translation by Adelard from an Arabic version.<ref name="Russell212">{{cite book |title=A History of We ...

...is name Eudoxus means "honored" or "of good repute" ({{lang|grc|εὔδοξος}}, from ''eu'' "good" and ''doxa'' "opinion, belief, fame", analogous to the Latin ...t|Egypt]] for 16 months, to pursue his study of astronomy and mathematics. From Egypt, he then traveled north to [[Cyzicus]], located on the south shore of ...

| caption = Bust of Posidonius from the [[Naples National Archaeological Museum]] ...c researches in [[Spain]], [[Africa]], [[Italy]], [[Gaul]], [[Liguria]], [[Sicily]], and on the eastern shores of the Adriatic. He settled as a teacher at [[ ...

{{Short description|One hundred years, from 300 BC to 201 BC}} ...]] plain, start the [[Third Samnite War]] with a collection of mercenaries from [[Gaul]] and [[Sabine]] and [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] allies to he ...

...m Pisa').<ref name=livio/>}} was an [[Italians|Italian]] [[mathematician]] from the [[Republic of Pisa]], considered to be "the<!--The cited book uses a lo ...he etymology of ''Bonacci'' is 'good-natured', so the full name means 'son from a good-natured [family]'.<ref name=livio>{{cite book|last=Livio|first=Mario ...

| birth_place = [[Syracuse, Sicily]] | death_place = Syracuse, Sicily ...

...xcerpts from a geographic poem written by Dionysius, son of Calliphon, and from a prose periegesis of Greece, written by Heraclides Criticus. It is uncert .... 16; Pliny, ''Naturalis historia'', ii. 162.</ref> His work is known only from the many fragmentary quotations of later writers. His works were geographic ...

...[[Apollonius of Perga]], Euclid is generally considered among the greatest mathematicians of antiquity, and one of the most influential in the [[history of mathemati ...turies later. [[Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world|Medieval Islamic mathematicians]] invented a fanciful biography, and medieval [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine] ...

.../Infobox)-->|Part of the "{{smallcaps|Tab.Geometry.}}" (Table of Geometry) from the 1728 ''[[Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences|C [[Geometry]] (from the {{langx|grc|γεωμετρία}}; ''[[wikt:γῆ|geo-]]'' "earth", ''[[wikt:μέτρον| ...

...ugh Escher believed he had no mathematical ability, he interacted with the mathematicians [[George Pólya]], [[Roger Penrose]], and [[Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter|D Early in his career, he drew inspiration from nature, making studies of insects, landscapes, and plants such as [[lichen] ...

...Effects') but more commonly known as the ''{{tlit|grc|[[Tetrábiblos]]}}'' (from the [[Koine Greek]] meaning 'four books'; {{langx|la|Quadripartitum}}). ...[[geocentric]] model of the [[Solar System]]. Unlike that of most [[Greek mathematicians]], Ptolemy's writings (foremost the ''Almagest'') were copied or evaluated ...

{{Short description|One hundred years, from 200 BC to 101 BC}} ...exed. The end of the century witnessed the evolution of the [[Roman army]] from a citizen army into a voluntary professional force, which later scholars wo ...

...nguish-for|Sicilia|Isles of Scilly|other uses|Sicilia (disambiguation)|and|Sicily (disambiguation)}}{{Use British English|date=July 2019}} ...late:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Sicily ...

[[File:Euclid-proof.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.4|A proof from [[Euclid]]'s ''[[Euclid's Elements|Elements]]'' ({{circa|300 BC}}), conside ...of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. From 3000 BC the [[Mesopotamia]]n states of [[Sumer]], [[Akkad (region)|Akkad]] ...

...genberger|title=An Encyclopedia of Battles: Accounts of Over 1,560 Battles from 1479 B.C. to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSEnw1HuWUoC ...on & Halliday |pages=50–51 |wslink=Constantinople: A Sketch of its History from its Foundation to its Conquest by the Turks in 1453/Chapter 3}}</ref> ...

{{Short description|Greek civilization from 1200 BC to 600 AD}} ...ef name="Thomas1988">{{cite book |first=Carol G. |last=Thomas |title=Paths from ancient Greece |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NAwVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA27 ...