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'''Chemical evolution''' may refer to: * [[Evolution of metal ions in biological systems]], incorporation of metallic ions into ...

* [[Molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE)|Molecular-beam epitaxy]], a thin-film crystal growth technique * ''[[Molecular Biology and Evolution]]'', a journal ...

...and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=57 | issue=1 | pages=380–392 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008 | p ...

...=Keith A. Crandall |year=2009 |chapter=Decapod phylogenetics and molecular evolution |pages=9–24 |url=http://crandalllab.byu.edu/Portals/20/docs/publications/Al ...

...within the Cavioidea (Mammalia, Rodentia) |journal=[[Molecular Biology and Evolution]] |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=263–277|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004 ...

...doi-access = free}}</ref> While taxonomists using [[Molecular systematics|molecular phylogenetic techniques]] find strong support for the order, questions rema According to [[molecular clock]] calculations, the lineage that led to Fabales split from other plan ...

...mya.<ref name=Nam2003>{{cite journal | author=Nam J. | title=Antiquity and Evolution of the MADS-Box Gene Family Controlling Flower Development in Plants | jour ...

...w; lede summarizes body-->. The word ''cistron'' is used to emphasize that molecular genes exhibit a specific behavior in a [[complementation test]] (cis-trans ...| chapter = The elementary units of heredity | title = Selected papers on Molecular Genetics | url = https://archive.org/details/selectedpaperson0000tayl | url ...

...logical grounds lophophorates have been assessed as [[deuterostome]]s, but molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest that they are [[Protostome|protostomes]].<ref ...

...ionary precursors on a phylogenetic tree | journal = [[Evolution (journal)|Evolution]] | volume = 66 | issue = 12 | pages = 3918–3930 | doi = 10.1111/j.1558-564 ...147–180 | veditors = Soltis PS, Soltis DE | title = Polyploidy and genome evolution | location = Berlin, Heidelberg | publisher = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978- ...

Molecular data, including sequences from the original collection of ''Momordica lanat ...ation of egusi-type (C. mucosospermus) |journal=Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution |date=30 January 2015 |volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1179 |doi=10.1007/s10 ...

...e journal | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000436| title = Tracking Marsupial Evolution Using Archaic Genomic Retroposon Insertions| journal = PLOS Biology| volume ...tle = Evolutionary Genomics | veditors = Anisimova M | series = Methods in Molecular Biology | location = Clifton, NJ | volume = 1910 | pages = 185–86 | date = ...

...ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stewart KD, Mattox KR | title = Structural evolution in the flagellated cells of green algae and land plants | journal = Bio Sys ...logy]], [[Biological life cycle|life cycle]] and [[molecular phylogenetics|molecular phylogenetic]] data.<ref name="Graham">{{cite book | vauthors = Graham LE, ...

...|title=Phylogenetic relationships in the order Ericales s.l.: analyses of molecular data from five genes from the plastid and mitochondrial genomes |journal=Am ...sma |date=March 2005 |title=Molecular Phylogenetics and Patterns of Floral Evolution in the Ericales |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=16 ...

...ot lepidosaur, affinity for turtles: Reptile phylogeny from miRNAs|journal=Evolution & Development|language=en|volume=16|issue=4|pages=189–196|doi=10.1111/ede.1 ...22593086| pmc = 3440978 | volume=8 | issue=5 | pages=783–786}}</ref> One molecular study, published in 2012, suggests that turtles are [[lepidosauromorph]] di ...

...| vauthors = Fox SW, Klaus D |author-link1=Sidney_W._Fox |title=Molecular Evolution and the Origin of Life |year=1977 |publisher=W. H. Freeman & Co Ltd |isbn=9 ...icrospheres).<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Fox SW, Klaus D |title=Molecular Evolution and the Origin of Life |edition= Revised |year=1977|publisher=Marcel Dekker ...

...d-chordates.html|title = Demise of the Atelocerata? Homeotic genes and the evolution of arthropods and chordates. The case of the velvet worm}}</ref> ...cea]], to which the Myriapoda are the closest relatives — has support from molecular and fossil evidence. ...

...phylogenetic position of dicyemid mesozoans offers insights into spiralian evolution|journal=Zoological Letters|volume=3|pages=6|doi=10.1186/s40851-017-0068-5|i ...|archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |journal=[[Molecular Biology and Evolution]] |volume=13 |issue=9 |pages=1187–1191 |doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a ...

...varieties are recognized by the [[International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology]] (IUBMB), cytochromes a, [[Cytochrome b|cytochromes b]], [[Cytochr ...|last=Kumar|first=Sudhir|date=2005|title=Molecular clocks: four decades of evolution|journal=Nature Reviews. Genetics|volume=6|issue=8|pages=654–662|doi=10.1038 ...

...er [[taxa]] are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms ([[biogeography]]). Syst ...evolutionary units that comprise a species, as well as their importance in evolution itself. Factors such as mutations, genetic divergence, and hybridization al ...