Foreign relations of Egypt: Difference between revisions

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{{External links|date=November 2024}}
{{External links|date=November 2024}}
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{{use British English|date=October 2025}}
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Politics of Egypt}}
{{Politics of Egypt}}


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|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|{{dts|19 December 1914}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries E |url=http://rulers.org/rule.html#egypt |access-date=13 July 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|19 December 1914}}<ref name="britain">{{Cite web |title=Countries E |url=http://rulers.org/rule.html#egypt |access-date=13 July 2023}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Brazil}}
|{{flag|Brazil}}
|{{dts|27 February 1924}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Todos los países |work=Ministério das Relações Exteriores |url=https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/assuntos/relacoes-bilaterais/todos-os-paises |access-date=16 September 2023 |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2024 |title=Joint statement between FMs of Egypt, Brazil to mark Centenary of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/191804/Joint-statement-between-FMs-of-Egypt,-Brazil-to-mark-Centenary-of-diplomatic-relations/?lang=en-us |access-date=2 March 2024 |website=State Information Service Egypt}}</ref>
|{{dts|27 February 1924}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Todos los países |work=Ministério das Relações Exteriores |url=https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/assuntos/relacoes-bilaterais/todos-os-paises |access-date=16 September 2023 |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2024 |title=Joint statement between FMs of Egypt, Brazil to mark Centenary of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/191804/Joint-statement-between-FMs-of-Egypt,-Brazil-to-mark-Centenary-of-diplomatic-relations/?lang=en-us |access-date=2 March 2024 |website=State Information Service Egypt |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112230031/https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/191804/Joint-statement-between-FMs-of-Egypt,-Brazil-to-mark-Centenary-of-diplomatic-relations/?lang=en-us |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}
|{{dts|1927}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Egyptian-Ethiopian relations |url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?CatID=1193 |publisher=State Information Service}}</ref>
|{{dts|1927}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Egyptian-Ethiopian relations |url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?CatID=1193 |publisher=State Information Service |access-date=16 January 2024 |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112225934/https://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticles.aspx?CatID=1193 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|{{flag|Indonesia}}
|{{dts|10 June 1947}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indonesia-Egypt Diplomacy: Darussalam Gontor and Al-Azhar University |url=https://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/jiwp/article/view/7390/pdf_316 |website=Journal UMY |access-date=20 January 2025 |page=2 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|{{dts|10 June 1947}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 August 2025 |title=The First Country To Recognize Indonesia's Independence, Here's The List |url=https://voi.id/en/lifestyle/500740 |website=VOI.ID |access-date=20 January 2025}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|{{flag|Cambodia}}
|{{dts|30 March 1953}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambodia, Egypt Advance Long Standing Relationship and Cooperation |url=https://mfaic.gov.kh/files/uploads/SX0D9W6ZAEG9/With%20Letterhead_PR_Eng_Outcomes_Egypt.pdf |access-date=14 March 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation}}</ref>
|{{dts|30 March 1953}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambodia, Egypt Advance Long Standing Relationship and Cooperation |url=https://mfaic.gov.kh/files/uploads/SX0D9W6ZAEG9/With%20Letterhead_PR_Eng_Outcomes_Egypt.pdf |access-date=14 March 2024 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation |archive-date=2 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202121629/https://mfaic.gov.kh/files/uploads/SX0D9W6ZAEG9/With%20Letterhead_PR_Eng_Outcomes_Egypt.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Albania}}
|{{flag|Albania}}
|{{dts|14 March 1956}}<ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTPRAAAAMAAJ&dq=Albania+and+egypt+decided+to+establish+diplomatic+relations+19+April+1956&pg=PA98 |title=Regional Development for Regional Peace A New Policy and Program to Counter the Soviet Menace in the Middle East |publisher=Public Affairs Institute (Washington, D.C.) |year=1957 |pages=98}}</ref>
|{{dts|19 April 1956}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between the Republic of Albania and the Arab Republic of Egypt |url=https://ambasadat.gov.al/egypt/en/bilateral-relations/ |access-date=16 May 2026 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Albania in Egypt}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|{{flag|Tunisia}}
|{{dts|2 May 1956}}<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2 May 1956 |title=Egyptiska ambassadörer til Tunisien-Marokko |url=https://www.svd.se/arkiv/1956-05-02/4/SVD |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 April 2025 |work=[[Svenska Dagbladet]] |pages=4 |language=sv |quote=Egypten har beslutat upprätta diplomatiska förbindelser med Tunisien och Marocko...}}</ref>
|{{dts|2 May 1956}}<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |date=2 May 1956 |title=Egyptiska ambassadörer til Tunisien-Marokko |url=https://www.svd.se/arkiv/1956-05-02/SVNY/4 |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 April 2025 |work=[[Svenska Dagbladet]] |pages=4 |language=sv |quote=Egypten har beslutat upprätta diplomatiska förbindelser med Tunisien och Marocko...}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Liberia}}
|{{flag|Liberia}}
|{{dts|1957}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt and Liberia |url=https://sis.gov.eg/Story/65550/Egypt-and-Liberia?lang=en-us |access-date=15 January 2024 |website=State Information Service}}</ref>
|{{dts|1957}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt and Liberia |url=https://sis.gov.eg/Story/65550/Egypt-and-Liberia?lang=en-us |access-date=15 January 2024 |website=State Information Service |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112144211/https://sis.gov.eg/Story/65550/Egypt-and-Liberia?lang=en-us |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|{{flag|Paraguay}}
|{{dts|1959}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2016 |title=Bilateral Relations - Egypt and Paraguay |url=https://sis.gov.eg/Story/99249/Egypt-and-Paraguay?lang=en-us |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|1959}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2016 |title=Bilateral Relations - Egypt and Paraguay |url=https://sis.gov.eg/Story/99249/Egypt-and-Paraguay?lang=en-us |access-date=15 July 2023 |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112225933/https://sis.gov.eg/Story/99249/Egypt-and-Paraguay?lang=en-us |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Senegal}}
|{{flag|Senegal}}
|{{dts|4 April 1960}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt and Senegal |url=https://beta.sis.gov.eg/en/international-relations/bilateral-relations/senegal/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=State Information Service}}</ref>
|{{dts|4 April 1960}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt and Senegal |url=https://beta.sis.gov.eg/en/international-relations/bilateral-relations/senegal/ |access-date=16 January 2024 |website=State Information Service |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112140850/https://beta.sis.gov.eg//en/international-relations/bilateral-relations/senegal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|{{dts|1 October 1960}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 January 2025 |title=Nigeria, Egypt strengthen diplomatic ties, cooperation |url=https://punchng.com/nigeria-egypt-strengthen-diplomatic-ties-cooperation/ |access-date=19 January 2025}}</ref>
|{{dts|1 October 1960}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 January 2025 |title=Nigeria, Egypt strengthen diplomatic ties, cooperation |url=https://punchng.com/nigeria-egypt-strengthen-diplomatic-ties-cooperation/ |access-date=19 January 2025|newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Haiti}}
|{{flag|Haiti}}
|{{dts|30 November 1960}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 4, 1960 |title=Peruvian and UAR Envoys Present Letters of Credance |url=https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00015023/00289/18j |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101083842/https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00015023/00289/18j |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=1 November 2023 |website=Haiti Sun |page=18}}</ref>
|{{dts|30 November 1960}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 1960 |title=Peruvian and UAR Envoys Present Letters of Credance |url=https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00015023/00289/18j |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101083842/https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00015023/00289/18j |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=1 November 2023 |website=Haiti Sun |page=18}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
|{{Flag|Burkina Faso}}
|{{dts|23 September 1961}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Europe, France outremer - Issues 382-392 |publisher=1961 |pages=119 |language=fr |quote=République arabe unie ( R.A.U. ) : Ambassade B.P. 546 , Ouagadougou . Chargé d'affaires a.i. M. Abbas Zaki Effat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Mideast Mirror |publisher=1961 |pages=19 |quote=September 23, 1961 ... The government has appointed Sayed Fahmi Sultan ... to be first ambassador to the Upper Volta.}}</ref>
|{{dts|23 September 1961}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Europe, France outremer - Issues 382-392 |publisher=1961 |pages=119 |language=fr |quote=République arabe unie ( R.A.U. ) : Ambassade B.P. 546, Ouagadougou . Chargé d'affaires a.i. M. Abbas Zaki Effat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Mideast Mirror |publisher=1961 |pages=19 |quote=September 23, 1961 ... The government has appointed Sayed Fahmi Sultan ... to be first ambassador to the Upper Volta.}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Kenya}}
|{{flag|Kenya}}
|{{dts|7 March 1964}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2024 |title=Shoukry participates in joint foreign ministerial committee with Kenya |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/191939/Shoukry-participates-in-joint-foreign-ministerial-committee-with-Kenya?lang=en-us |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Egypt State Information Service}}</ref>
|{{dts|7 March 1964}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2024 |title=Shoukry participates in joint foreign ministerial committee with Kenya |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/191939/Shoukry-participates-in-joint-foreign-ministerial-committee-with-Kenya?lang=en-us |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Egypt State Information Service |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112182605/https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/191939/Shoukry-participates-in-joint-foreign-ministerial-committee-with-Kenya?lang=en-us |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{Flag|Gambia}}
|{{dts|31 May 1965}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2025 |title=The Gambia and Egypt Celebrate 60 Years of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.facebook.com/mofa.gov.gm/posts/%F0%9D%90%8F%F0%9D%90%AB%F0%9D%90%9E%F0%9D%90%AC%F0%9D%90%AC-%F0%9D%90%91%F0%9D%90%9E%F0%9D%90%A5%F0%9D%90%9E%F0%9D%90%9A%F0%9D%90%AC%F0%9D%90%9E-%F0%9D%90%93%F0%9D%90%A1%F0%9D%90%9E-%F0%9D%90%86%F0%9D%90%9A%F0%9D%90%A6%F0%9D%90%9B%F0%9D%90%A2%F0%9D%90%9A-%F0%9D%90%9A%F0%9D%90%A7%F0%9D%90%9D-%F0%9D%90%84%F0%9D%90%A0%F0%9D%90%B2%F0%9D%90%A9%F0%9D%90%AD-%F0%9D%90%82%F0%9D%90%9E%F0%9D%90%A5%F0%9D%90%9E%F0%9D%90%9B%F0%9D%90%AB%F0%9D%90%9A%F0%9D%90%AD%F0%9D%90%9E-%F0%9D%9F%94%F0%9D%9F%8E-%F0%9D%90%98%F0%9D%90%9E%F0%9D%90%9A%F0%9D%90%AB%F0%9D%90%AC-%F0%9D%90%A8%F0%9D%90%9F-%F0%9D%90%83%F0%9D%90%A2%F0%9D%90%A9%F0%9D%90%A5%F0%9D%90%A8%F0%9D%90%A6%F0%9D%90%9A%F0%9D%90%AD%F0%9D%90%A2%F0%9D%90%9C-%F0%9D%90%91%F0%9D%90%9E%F0%9D%90%A5%F0%9D%90%9A%F0%9D%90%AD%F0%9D%90%A2%F0%9D%90%A8%F0%9D%90%A7%F0%9D%90%AC%F0%9D%90%81%F0%9D%90%80%F0%9D%90%8D/1140957444742061/ |access-date=27 September 2025 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs-The Gambia}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Malta}}
|{{flag|Malta}}
|{{dts|2 November 1965}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2004 |title=SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES LEADS MALTESE PARLIAMENTARY DELEGATION ON AN OFFICIAL VISIT TO THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT |url=https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Pages/2004/03/11/PR327.aspx |access-date=11 July 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|2 November 1965}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2004 |title=SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES LEADS MALTESE PARLIAMENTARY DELEGATION ON AN OFFICIAL VISIT TO THE ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT |url=https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Pages/2004/03/11/PR327.aspx |access-date=11 July 2023}}</ref>
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|{{Flag|Gambia}}
|{{dts|31 January 1966}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Diplomatic and Consular List. |publisher=Gambia. Government Printer |year=1967 |pages=1}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
|{{dts|12 October 1968}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt and Equatorial Guinea |url=https://beta.sis.gov.eg/en/international-relations/bilateral-relations/equatorial-guinea/ |access-date=15 January 2024 |website=Sate Information Service}}</ref>
|{{dts|12 October 1968}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt and Equatorial Guinea |url=https://beta.sis.gov.eg/en/international-relations/bilateral-relations/equatorial-guinea/ |access-date=15 January 2024 |website=State Information Service |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112145147/https://beta.sis.gov.eg/en/international-relations/bilateral-relations/equatorial-guinea/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Chad}}
|{{flag|Chad}}
|{{dts|September 1970}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egyptian - Chadian Relations |url=https://beta.sis.gov.eg/en/international-relations/bilateral-relations/chad/ |access-date=14 January 2024 |website=Egyptian State Information Service}}</ref>
|{{dts|September 1970}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egyptian - Chadian Relations |url=https://beta.sis.gov.eg/en/international-relations/bilateral-relations/chad/ |access-date=14 January 2024 |website=Egyptian State Information Service |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112225338/https://beta.sis.gov.eg/en/international-relations/bilateral-relations/chad/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Oman}}
|{{flag|Oman}}
|{{dts|20 March 1972}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cairo Press Review |publisher=1972 |pages=13 |quote=MARCH 21, 1972 First Omani Ambassador to Cairo . Saud Ben Ali El Khalili , the first ambassador of the Sultanate of Oman to Egypt , submitted his credentials to Foreign Affairs Minister Dr. Murad Ghaleb yesterday.}}</ref>
|{{dts|20 March 1972}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cairo Press Review |publisher=1972 |pages=13 |quote=MARCH 21, 1972 First Omani Ambassador to Cairo . Saud Ben Ali El Khalili, the first ambassador of the Sultanate of Oman to Egypt, submitted his credentials to Foreign Affairs Minister Dr. Murad Ghaleb yesterday.}}</ref>
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|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}
|{{dts|26 October 1972}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2022 |title=Egypt-UAE 50th Anniversary |url=https://www.presidency.eg/en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1-50-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9-26102022/ |access-date=24 April 2024 |website=The Arab Republic of Egypt Precidency}}</ref>
|{{dts|26 October 1972}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2022 |title=Egypt-UAE 50th Anniversary |url=https://www.presidency.eg/en/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1-50-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A9-26102022/ |access-date=24 April 2024 |website=The Arab Republic of Egypt Presidency}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
|{{dts|20 April 1976}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Guidelines of the Foreign Policy of Papua New Guinea: Universalism |publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Papua New Guinea |year=1976 |pages=55 |language=English}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Comoros}}
|{{flag|Comoros}}
|{{dts|28 June 1976}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=MEED Arab Report. |publisher=Middle East Economic Digest Limited |year=1976 |pages=377}}</ref>
|{{dts|28 June 1976}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=MEED Arab Report. |publisher=Middle East Economic Digest Limited |year=1976 |pages=377}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|{{flag|Seychelles}}
|{{dts|14 July 1976}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1976 |pages=18}}</ref>
|{{dts|14 July 1976}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=ARR: Arab Report and Record |publisher=Economic Features, Limited |year=1976 |pages=18}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Grenada}}
|{{flag|Grenada}}
|{{dts|14 September 1976}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cairo Press Review |publisher=1976 |pages=9}}</ref>
|{{dts|14 September 1976}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cairo Press Review |publisher=1976 |pages=9}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|{{flag|Cape Verde}}
|{{dts|19 October 1976}}<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last1=Muzart-Fonseca dos Santos |first1=Idelette |title=Les îles du Cap-Vert: langues, mémoires, histoire |last2=Manuel Da Costa Esteves |first2=José |last3=Rolland |first3=Denis |publisher=[[L'Harmattan]] |year=2007 |pages=239–240 |language=fr}}</ref>
|{{dts|19 October 1976}}<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last1=Muzart-Fonseca dos Santos |first1=Idelette |title=Les îles du Cap-Vert: langues, mémoires, histoire |last2=Manuel Da Costa Esteves |first2=José |last3=Rolland |first3=Denis |publisher=[[L'Harmattan]] |year=2007 |pages=239–240 |language=fr}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Laos}}
|{{flag|Laos}}
|{{dts|November 1976}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations |url=http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950 |access-date=30 June 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601144934/http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|{{dts|November 1976}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations |url=http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950 |access-date=30 June 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Laos |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601144934/http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/lo/2015-04-07-02-45-52/1950 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Suriname}}
|{{flag|Suriname}}
|{{dts|23 February 1977}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten |url=http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416134520/http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2019 |access-date=22 December 2021 |website=gov.sr |language=nl}}</ref>
|{{dts|23 February 1977}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten |url=http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416134520/http://www.gov.sr/media/12102008/lijst-van-diplomatieke-betrekkingen-en-visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten.pdf |archive-date=16 April 2019 |access-date=22 December 2021 |website=gov.sr |language=nl}}</ref>
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|137
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|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|{{flag|Djibouti}}
|{{dts|22 July 1977}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cairo Press Review |publisher=1977 |pages=9}}</ref>
|{{dts|22 July 1977}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cairo Press Review |publisher=1977 |pages=9}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Samoa}}
|{{flag|Samoa}}
|{{dts|8 September 1978}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries with Established Diplomatic Relations with Samoa |url=http://www.mfat.gov.ws/embassies/countries-with-established-diplomatic-relations-with-samoa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214005624/https://www.mfat.gov.ws/embassies/countries-with-established-diplomatic-relations-with-samoa/ |archive-date=14 February 2020 |access-date=19 August 2018 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade – Samoa}}</ref>
|{{dts|8 September 1978}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries with Established Diplomatic Relations with Samoa |url=http://www.mfat.gov.ws/embassies/countries-with-established-diplomatic-relations-with-samoa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214005624/https://www.mfat.gov.ws/embassies/countries-with-established-diplomatic-relations-with-samoa/ |archive-date=14 February 2020 |access-date=19 August 2018 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade – Samoa}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|{{flag|Nicaragua}}
|{{dts|11 September 1978}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 1978 |title=La gaceta diario oficial |url=https://sajurin.enriquebolanos.org/docs/G-1978-09-11.pdf |access-date=4 October 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
|{{dts|11 September 1978}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 1978 |title=La gaceta diario oficial |url=https://sajurin.enriquebolanos.org/docs/G-1978-09-11.pdf |access-date=4 October 2023 |language=es}}</ref>
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|140
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|{{flag|Israel}}
|{{flag|Israel}}
|{{Dts|26 February 1980}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Israel's Foreign Relations: 1979-1980 |publisher=Ministry for Foreign Affairs |pages=183 |quote=Statement by Ambassador Mortada upon presentation of his credentials and reply by President Navon, 26 February 1980. On 26 February , the Israeli Ambassador to Egypt, Dr. Eliyahu Ben-Elisar, presented his credentials to President Sadat in Cairo.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2013 |title=Israel commissions new ambassador to Egypt |url=https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/10/27/israel-commissions-new-ambassador-to-egypt/ |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=Daily News Egypt}}</ref>
|{{Dts|26 February 1980}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Israel's Foreign Relations: 1979-1980 |publisher=Ministry for Foreign Affairs |pages=183 |quote=Statement by Ambassador Mortada upon presentation of his credentials and reply by President Navon, 26 February 1980. On 26 February, the Israeli Ambassador to Egypt, Dr. Eliyahu Ben-Elisar, presented his credentials to President Sadat in Cairo.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2013 |title=Israel commissions new ambassador to Egypt |url=https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/10/27/israel-commissions-new-ambassador-to-egypt/ |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=Daily News Egypt}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
|{{dts|23 April 1980}}<ref name="ReferenceE">{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 6359-6408 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service |year=1980 |pages=10}}</ref>
|{{dts|23 April 1980}}<ref name="ReferenceE">{{Cite book |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 6359-6408 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service |year=1980 |pages=10}}</ref>
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|{{dts|1980}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=de Béthencourt |first=Marcos Fernández |title=La orden de Malta: Estatuto Jurídico internacional |publisher=Editorial Sanz Y Torres |year=2019 |pages=302–309 |language=es}}</ref>
|{{dts|1980}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=de Béthencourt |first=Marcos Fernández |title=La orden de Malta: Estatuto Jurídico internacional |publisher=Editorial Sanz Y Torres |year=2019 |pages=302–309 |language=es}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Brunei}}
|{{flag|Brunei}}
|{{dts|2 May 1984}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.bn/Pages/Bilateral%20Relations.aspx |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|2 May 1984}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.bn/Pages/Bilateral%20Relations.aspx |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Honduras}}
|{{flag|Honduras}}
|{{Dts|5 August 1986}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Informe de labores |publisher=Secretaría de Estado de los Despachos de Relaciones Exteriores |year=1986 |pages=75 |language=es}}</ref>
|{{Dts|5 August 1986}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Informe de labores |publisher=Secretaría de Estado de los Despachos de Relaciones Exteriores |year=1986 |pages=75 |language=es}}</ref>
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|{{flag|San Marino}}
|{{flag|San Marino}}
|{{dts|27 April 1989}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino |url=https://www.esteri.sm/pub2/EsteriSM/Relazioni-Internazionali/Rapporti-Bilaterali.html |access-date=15 December 2021 |language=it}}</ref>
|{{dts|27 April 1989}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino |url=https://www.esteri.sm/pub2/EsteriSM/Relazioni-Internazionali/Rapporti-Bilaterali.html |access-date=15 December 2021 |language=it}}</ref>
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|{{dts|October 1989}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Middle East Contemporary Survey |year=1991 |volume=13 |pages=318}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 1989}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Middle East Contemporary Survey |year=1991 |volume=13 |pages=318}}</ref>
|-
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|145
|144
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|{{flag|Namibia}}
|{{dts|20 May 1990}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Mushelenga |first=Samuel Abraham Peyavali |date=2008 |title=Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state |url=https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2703/dissertation_mushelenga_%20s.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y |pages=254–259}}</ref>
|{{dts|20 May 1990}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Mushelenga |first=Samuel Abraham Peyavali |date=2008 |title=Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state |url=https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/2703/dissertation_mushelenga_%20s.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y |pages=254–259}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Estonia}}
|{{flag|Estonia}}
|{{dts|2 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2018 |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |access-date=26 October 2022 |language=et}}</ref>
|{{dts|2 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2018 |title=Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia |url=https://www.vm.ee/rahvusvaheline-suhtlus-uleilmne-eestlus/suhted-teiste-riikidega/diplomaatiliste-suhete |access-date=26 October 2022 |language=et}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|{{dts|9 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения |url=https://mfa.gov.kg/kg/osnovnoe-menyu/vneshnyaya-politika/mezhdunarodnye-dogovory/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-ustanovleny-dipotnosheniya/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-kr-ustanovil-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya |access-date=10 October 2021 |language=ru}}</ref>
|{{dts|9 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Список стран, с которыми КР установил дипломатические отношения |url=https://mfa.gov.kg/kg/osnovnoe-menyu/vneshnyaya-politika/mezhdunarodnye-dogovory/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-ustanovleny-dipotnosheniya/spisok-stran-s-kotorymi-kr-ustanovil-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya |access-date=10 October 2021 |language=ru}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|{{flag|Lithuania}}
|{{dts|22 January 1992}}<ref>{{cite web |title=List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations |url=https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=10 January 2022 |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=}}</ref>
|{{dts|22 January 1992}}<ref>{{cite web |title=List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations |url=https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110123939/https://jp.mfa.lt/default/en/list-of-countries-with-which-lithuania-has-established-diplomatic-relations |archive-date=10 January 2022 |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Latvia}}
|{{flag|Latvia}}
|{{dts|23 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2021 |title=Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=mfa.gov.lv}}</ref>
|{{dts|23 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2021 |title=Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations |url=https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/dates-establishment-and-renewal-diplomatic-relations |access-date=5 October 2022 |website=mfa.gov.lv}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|{{dts|23 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=States with Which the Republic of Uzbekistan Established Diplomatic Relations |url=https://2014-2024.mfa.uz/en/pages/strani-kotoriye-uzbekistan-ustanovil-diplomaticheskiye-otnosheniya |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Uzbekistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan]] |access-date=6 February 2025}}</ref>
|{{dts|23 January 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=States with Which the Republic of Uzbekistan Established Diplomatic Relations |url=https://2014-2024.mfa.uz/en/pages/strani-kotoriye-uzbekistan-ustanovil-diplomaticheskiye-otnosheniya |website=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Uzbekistan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan]] |access-date=6 February 2025}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|{{dts|25 January 1992}}<ref name="Ukraine-Egypt political relations">{{Cite web |title=Ukraine-Egypt political relations |url=https://egypt.mfa.gov.ua/en/partnership/412-ukraine-egypt-relations |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Embassy of Ukraine to Arab Republic of Egypt}}</ref>
|{{dts|25 January 1992}}<ref name="Ukraine-Egypt political relations">{{Cite web |title=Ukraine-Egypt political relations |url=https://egypt.mfa.gov.ua/en/partnership/412-ukraine-egypt-relations |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Embassy of Ukraine to Arab Republic of Egypt}}</ref>
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|152
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|{{flag|Belarus}}
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|{{dts|1 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview by the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Belarus to the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sergei Rachkov, to the magazine "Diplomacy" (5th Issue, January-February 2017) |url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/smi/c37dbda352471ca2.html |access-date=29 July 2021 |archive-date=10 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110234732/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/smi/c37dbda352471ca2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|{{dts|1 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview by the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Belarus to the Arab Republic of Egypt, Sergei Rachkov, to the magazine "Diplomacy" (5th Issue, January-February 2017) |url=https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/smi/c37dbda352471ca2.html |access-date=29 July 2021 |archive-date=10 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110234732/https://mfa.gov.by/en/press/smi/c37dbda352471ca2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|153
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|{{flag|Moldova}}
|{{flag|Moldova}}
|{{dts|13 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan |access-date=31 July 2021 |website=MFA Moldova}}</ref>
|{{dts|13 February 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.md/en/content/republic-afghanistan |access-date=31 July 2021 |website=MFA Moldova}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|{{dts|6 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан |url=http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220233503/http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=30 April 2022 |language=ru}}</ref>
|{{dts|6 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан |url=http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220233503/http://mfa.kz/ru/content-view/spisok-stran-ustanovivshikh-diplomaticheskie-otnosheniya-s-rk |archive-date=20 February 2020 |access-date=30 April 2022 |language=ru}}</ref>
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|155
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|{{flag|Armenia}}
|{{flag|Armenia}}
|{{dts|9 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt - Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/eg |access-date=22 December 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia}}</ref>
|{{dts|9 March 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt - Bilateral Relations |url=https://www.mfa.am/en/bilateral-relations/eg |access-date=22 December 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia}}</ref>
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|156
|155
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|{{dts|27 March 1992}}<ref name="The Arab Republic of Egypt">{{Cite web |title=The Arab Republic of Egypt |url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/africa/egypt |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
|{{dts|27 March 1992}}<ref name="The Arab Republic of Egypt">{{Cite web |title=The Arab Republic of Egypt |url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/category/africa/egypt |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref>
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|157
|156
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|{{flag|Slovenia}}
|{{dts|30 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Đogić |first=Mojca Pristavec |date=September 2016 |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=sl |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426044554/https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|{{dts|30 April 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Đogić |first=Mojca Pristavec |date=September 2016 |title=Priznanja samostojne Slovenije |url=https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |access-date=11 July 2023 |language=sl |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426044554/https://fotogalerija.dz-rs.si/datoteke/Publikacije/Zborniki_RN/2016/Priznanja_samostojne_Slovenije_.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|158
|157
|{{flag|Marshall Islands}}
|{{flag|Marshall Islands}}
|{{dts|2 May 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019) |url=https://www.rmiembassyus.org/about-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718175857/https://www.rmiembassyus.org/about-2 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|2 May 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019) |url=https://www.rmiembassyus.org/about-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718175857/https://www.rmiembassyus.org/about-2 |archive-date=18 July 2023 |access-date=3 September 2023}}</ref>
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|159
|158
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|{{dts|11 May 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619062211/https://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |archive-date=19 June 2022 |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>
|{{dts|11 May 1992}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=https://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619062211/https://mfa.gov.ge/MainNav/ForeignPolicy/BilateralRelations.aspx |archive-date=19 June 2022 |access-date=1 September 2022}}</ref>
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|160
|159
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|{{flag|Croatia}}
|{{dts|1 October 1992}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 |access-date=5 February 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia}}</ref>
|{{dts|1 October 1992}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Bilateral relations - Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mvep.gov.hr/foreign-policy/bilateral-relations/date-of-recognition-and-establishment-od-diplomatic-relations/22800 |access-date=5 February 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia}}</ref>
|-
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|161
|160
|{{Flag|Slovakia}}
|{{Flag|Slovakia}}
|{{dts|1 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Štáty a teritóriá |url=https://www.mzv.sk/staty |access-date=26 May 2023 |language=sk}}</ref>
|{{dts|1 January 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Štáty a teritóriá |url=https://www.mzv.sk/staty |access-date=26 May 2023 |language=sk}}</ref>
|-
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|162
|161
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}
|{{dts|3 February 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508101911/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |archive-date=8 May 2019 |access-date=17 March 2022}}</ref>
|{{dts|3 February 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=STATES WITH WHICH TURKMENISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508101911/https://www.mfa.gov.tm/en/articles/55?breadcrumbs=no |archive-date=8 May 2019 |access-date=17 March 2022}}</ref>
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|163
|162
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|{{dts|1 April 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2023/04/11,04,2023,15,37.pdf |access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|1 April 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS |url=https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2023/04/11,04,2023,15,37.pdf |access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>
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|164
|163
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|{{dts|17 April 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/?id=6 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina |language=bs}}</ref>
|{{dts|17 April 1993}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/?id=6 |access-date=26 April 2022 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina |language=bs |archive-date=11 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511192931/https://www.mvp.gov.ba/vanjska_politika_bih/bilateralni_odnosi/datumi_priznanja_i_uspostave_diplomatskih_odnosa/?id=6 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|165
|164
|{{flag|Eritrea}}
|{{flag|Eritrea}}
|{{dts|9 August 1993}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Eritrea Update |publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada |year=1992}}</ref>
|{{dts|9 August 1993}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=Eritrea Update |publisher=Provisional Government of Eritrea (EPLF), Mission to the USA and Canada |year=1992}}</ref>
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|166
|165
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|{{flag|South Africa}}
|{{dts|29 April 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of International Relations and Cooperation - Bilateral agreements signed since 1994 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral1123.rtf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123215113/https://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral1123.rtf |archive-date=23 November 2022 |access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref>
|{{dts|29 April 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of International Relations and Cooperation - Bilateral agreements signed since 1994 |url=http://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral1123.rtf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123215113/https://www.dirco.gov.za/foreign/bilateral1123.rtf |archive-date=23 November 2022 |access-date=23 November 2022}}</ref>
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|167
|166
|{{flag|Belize}}
|{{flag|Belize}}
|{{dts|6 May 1994}}<ref name="UNDL">{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Egypt and ... |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Egypt+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&action_search=Search&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |access-date=22 December 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref>
|{{dts|6 May 1994}}<ref name="UNDL">{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic relations between Egypt and ... |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/search?ln=en&as=1&m1=p&p1=Diplomatic+relations+between+Egypt+and+...&f1=series&op1=a&m2=a&p2=&f2=&op2=a&m3=a&p3=&f3=&dt=&d1d=&d1m=&d1y=&d2d=&d2m=&d2y=&rm=&action_search=Search&sf=year&so=a&rg=50&c=United+Nations+Digital+Library+System&of=hb&fti=0&fti=0 |access-date=22 December 2023 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref>
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|168
|167
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
|{{flag|North Macedonia}}
|{{dts|14 November 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia}}</ref>
|{{dts|14 November 1994}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bilateral relations |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930040551/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/default1.aspx?ItemID=310 |archive-date=30 September 2011 |access-date=3 April 2021 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Macedonia}}</ref>
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|169
|168
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|{{flag|South Korea}}
|{{dts|13 April 1995}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries & Regions |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|13 April 1995}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Countries & Regions |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/list.do |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref>
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|170
|169
|{{flag|Andorra}}
|{{flag|Andorra}}
|{{dts|25 February 1997}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|{{dts|25 February 1997}}<ref name="UNDL" />
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|171
|170
|{{flag|Timor-Leste}}
|{{flag|Timor-Leste}}
|{{dts|20 May 2002}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa |url=https://mnec.gov.tl/node/28 |website=mnec.gov.tl |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref>
|{{dts|20 May 2002}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa |url=https://mnec.gov.tl/node/28 |website=mnec.gov.tl |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref>
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|172
|171
|{{flag|Bahamas}}
|{{flag|Bahamas}}
|{{dts|11 February 2005}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2005 |title=Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Commonwealth of The Bahamas and the Arab Republic of Egypt |url=http://www.mfabahamas.org/Establishment%20of%20Diplomatic%20Relations%20between%20Bahamas%20and%20Egypt.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006144620/http://www.mfabahamas.org/Establishment%20of%20Diplomatic%20Relations%20between%20Bahamas%20and%20Egypt.htm |archive-date=6 October 2007 |access-date=29 January 2025}}</ref>
|{{dts|11 February 2005}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2005 |title=Establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Commonwealth of The Bahamas and the Arab Republic of Egypt |url=http://www.mfabahamas.org/Establishment%20of%20Diplomatic%20Relations%20between%20Bahamas%20and%20Egypt.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006144620/http://www.mfabahamas.org/Establishment%20of%20Diplomatic%20Relations%20between%20Bahamas%20and%20Egypt.htm |archive-date=6 October 2007 |access-date=29 January 2025}}</ref>
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|173
|172
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}
|{{dts|17 October 2005}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2005 |title=Diplomatische vertretungen beim Fürstentum Liechtenstein |url=http://www.liechtenstein.li/pdf-fl-staat-aussenpolitik-liste_dipl._deutsch_03.2005.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109073414/http://www.liechtenstein.li/pdf-fl-staat-aussenpolitik-liste_dipl._deutsch_03.2005.pdf |archive-date=9 January 2006 |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=de}}</ref>
|{{dts|17 October 2005}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2005 |title=Diplomatische vertretungen beim Fürstentum Liechtenstein |url=http://www.liechtenstein.li/pdf-fl-staat-aussenpolitik-liste_dipl._deutsch_03.2005.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109073414/http://www.liechtenstein.li/pdf-fl-staat-aussenpolitik-liste_dipl._deutsch_03.2005.pdf |archive-date=9 January 2006 |access-date=10 September 2022 |language=de}}</ref>
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|174
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|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|{{flag|Montenegro}}
|{{dts|27 September 2006}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.me/rubrike/bilateralni-odnosi/Tabela-priznanja-i-uspostavljanja-diplomatskih-odn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213235103/https://mvp.gov.me/rubrike/bilateralni-odnosi/Tabela-priznanja-i-uspostavljanja-diplomatskih-odn |archive-date=13 February 2020 |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration}}</ref>
|{{dts|27 September 2006}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa |url=https://mvp.gov.me/rubrike/bilateralni-odnosi/Tabela-priznanja-i-uspostavljanja-diplomatskih-odn |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213235103/https://mvp.gov.me/rubrike/bilateralni-odnosi/Tabela-priznanja-i-uspostavljanja-diplomatskih-odn |archive-date=13 February 2020 |access-date=16 April 2021 |publisher=Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration}}</ref>
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|175
|174
|{{flag|Barbados}}
|{{flag|Barbados}}
|{{dts|3 November 2006}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS |url=http://foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813184054/https://www.foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file |archive-date=13 August 2017 |access-date=25 March 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados)}}</ref>
|{{dts|3 November 2006}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIST OF COUNTRIES WITH WHICH BARBADOS HAS DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BY REGIONS |url=http://foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813184054/https://www.foreign.gov.bb/documents/foreign-policy/22-countries-with-diplomaic-relations-with-barbados/file |archive-date=13 August 2017 |access-date=25 March 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade (Barbados)}}</ref>
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|176
|175
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|{{flag|Monaco}}
|{{dts|31 May 2007}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007 |url=https://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/Monaco-a-l-International/Publications/Rapports-de-Politique-Exterieure |accessdate=11 October 2020 |page=44 |language=fr}}</ref>
|{{dts|31 May 2007}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007 |url=https://www.gouv.mc/Action-Gouvernementale/Monaco-a-l-International/Publications/Rapports-de-Politique-Exterieure |accessdate=11 October 2020 |page=44 |language=fr}}</ref>
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|177
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|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}
|{{dts|7 July 2010}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|{{dts|7 July 2010}}<ref name="UNDL" />
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|178
|177
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|{{flag|Dominica}}
|{{dts|7 July 2010}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|{{dts|7 July 2010}}<ref name="UNDL" />
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|179
|178
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|{{flag|Saint Lucia}}
|{{dts|19 July 2010}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|{{dts|19 July 2010}}<ref name="UNDL" />
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|180
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|{{Flag|Kiribati}}
|{{Flag|Kiribati}}
|{{dts|25 September 2010}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 2010 |title=مصر تقيم علاقات دبلوماسية مع 3 دول جزرية بالمحيط الهادى |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2010/9/26/مصر-تقيم-علاقات-دبلوماسية-مع-3-دول-جزرية-بالمحيط-الهادى/282972 |access-date=17 July 2023 |language=ar}}</ref>
|{{dts|25 September 2010}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 2010 |title=مصر تقيم علاقات دبلوماسية مع 3 دول جزرية بالمحيط الهادى |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2010/9/26/مصر-تقيم-علاقات-دبلوماسية-مع-3-دول-جزرية-بالمحيط-الهادى/282972 |access-date=17 July 2023 |language=ar}}</ref>
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|181
|180
|{{Flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
|{{Flag|Federated States of Micronesia}}
|{{dts|25 September 2010}}<ref>{{cite web |title=FSM Diplomatic Relations List |url=http://www.fsmgov.org/diprel.html |access-date=13 November 2022 |publisher=Government of the Federated States of Micronesia}}</ref>
|{{dts|25 September 2010}}<ref>{{cite web |title=FSM Diplomatic Relations List |url=http://www.fsmgov.org/diprel.html |access-date=13 November 2022 |publisher=Government of the Federated States of Micronesia}}</ref>
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|182
|181
|{{flag|Nauru}}
|{{flag|Nauru}}
|{{dts|25 September 2010}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nauru and Egypt establish formal links |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/192771/nauru-and-egypt-establish-formal-links |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=rnz.co.nz |date=27 September 2010}}</ref>
|{{dts|25 September 2010}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nauru and Egypt establish formal links |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/192771/nauru-and-egypt-establish-formal-links |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=rnz.co.nz |date=27 September 2010}}</ref>
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|183
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|{{flag|Palau}}
|{{flag|Palau}}
|{{dts|25 September 2010}}<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2010 |title=مصر تقيم علاقات دبلوماسية مع 3 دول جزرية بالمحيط الهادى |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2010/9/26/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B9-3-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89/282972 |access-date=29 July 2019 |language=ar}}</ref>
|{{dts|25 September 2010}}<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2010 |title=مصر تقيم علاقات دبلوماسية مع 3 دول جزرية بالمحيط الهادى |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2010/9/26/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B9-3-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89/282972 |access-date=29 July 2019 |language=ar}}</ref>
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|184
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|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
|{{dts|16 November 2010}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic and Consular List |url=https://foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |access-date=11 July 2023 |pages=104–112}}</ref>
|{{dts|16 November 2010}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic and Consular List |url=https://foreign.gov.vc/foreign/images/stories/DiplomaticRelations/Updated_Diplomatic_List_Revised-as_at_February_2020_1_1.pdf |access-date=11 July 2023 |pages=104–112}}</ref>
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|185
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|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|{{flag|Solomon Islands}}
|{{dts|23 December 2010}}<ref>{{cite web |date=1 June 2020 |title=Solomon Islands Diplomatic and Consular List |url=http://www.mfaet.gov.sb/resources/publications/22-foreign-affairs-p/61-solomon-islands-diplomatic-and-consular-list.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812053600/http://www.mfaet.gov.sb/resources/publications/22-foreign-affairs-p/61-solomon-islands-diplomatic-and-consular-list.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 December 2020 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Solomon Islands |pages=36–38}}</ref>
|{{dts|23 December 2010}}<ref>{{cite web |date=1 June 2020 |title=Solomon Islands Diplomatic and Consular List |url=http://www.mfaet.gov.sb/resources/publications/22-foreign-affairs-p/61-solomon-islands-diplomatic-and-consular-list.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812053600/http://www.mfaet.gov.sb/resources/publications/22-foreign-affairs-p/61-solomon-islands-diplomatic-and-consular-list.html |archive-date=12 August 2021 |access-date=12 December 2020 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Solomon Islands |pages=36–38}}</ref>
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|186
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|{{flag|Tuvalu}}
|{{flag|Tuvalu}}
|{{dts|23 December 2010}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa |url=https://dfa.gov.tv/index.php/africa/ |access-date=9 August 2022 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809235436/https://dfa.gov.tv/index.php/africa/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|{{dts|23 December 2010}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa |url=https://dfa.gov.tv/index.php/africa/ |access-date=9 August 2022 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809235436/https://dfa.gov.tv/index.php/africa/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|187
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|{{flag|South Sudan}}
|{{flag|South Sudan}}
|{{dts|9 July 2011}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2017 |title=South Sudan President visit to Egypt |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/107432?lang=en-us#:~:text=When%20South%20Sudan%20declared%20its,celebrations%20marking%20the%20country's%20independence. |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=State Information Service Egypt}}</ref>
|{{dts|9 July 2011}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2017 |title=South Sudan President visit to Egypt |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/107432?lang=en-us#:~:text=When%20South%20Sudan%20declared%20its,celebrations%20marking%20the%20country's%20independence. |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=State Information Service Egypt |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112175744/https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/107432?lang=en-us#:~:text=When%20South%20Sudan%20declared%20its,celebrations%20marking%20the%20country's%20independence. |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|188
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|{{Flag|Vanuatu}}
|{{Flag|Vanuatu}}
|{{dts|22 September 2011}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanuatu Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925183844/https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=mfaicet.gov.vu |pages=51}}</ref>
|{{dts|22 September 2011}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanuatu Diplomatic Relations |url=https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925183844/https://mfaicet.gov.vu/images/documents/VANUATU_NATIONAL_FOREIGN_POLICY.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=mfaicet.gov.vu |pages=51}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Bhutan}}
|{{flag|Bhutan}}
|{{dts|14 November 2012}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|{{dts|14 November 2012}}<ref name="UNDL" />
|-
|189
|{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}
|{{dts|19 May 2016}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mission Report |url=https://www.pnghighcomm.org.uk/mission/mission-report/index.html |access-date=12 August 2025}}</ref>
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|190
|190
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
|{{dts|21 September 2021}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.foreign.gov.kn/2906-2/ |access-date=1 April 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis}}</ref>
|{{dts|21 September 2021}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Diplomatic Relations |url=https://www.foreign.gov.kn/2906-2/ |access-date=1 April 2021 |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis}}</ref>
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|191
|{{flag|Tonga}}
|Unknown<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2025 |title=Tongan Honorary Consul-General Attends Egypt National Day Reception in Lisbon |url=https://tonga-gov.pt/en/tongan-honorary-consul-general-attends-egypt-national-day-reception-in-lisbon/ |website=tonga-gov.pt |access-date=24 April 2026 |quote=Relations between the Kingdom of Tonga and the Arab Republic of Egypt were formally established on 28 November 1966.}}</ref>
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==Bilateral relations==
==Bilateral relations==
===Africa===
===Africa===
In the 21st-century Egypt has encountered a major problem with [[immigration]], as millions of Africans attempt to enter Egypt fleeing poverty and war.  Border control methods can be "harsh, sometimes lethal." This has strained relations with Egypt's southern neighbors, and with Israel and the members of the EU as these immigrants attempt to move on to wealthier countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Desperate on the Border|author=Soussi, Alasdair|publisher=Jerusalem Report|date=November 9, 2008|url= http://www.jpost.com/JerusalemReport/Article.aspx?id=119897|access-date=September 30, 2012}}</ref>
In the 21st-century Egypt has encountered a major problem with immigration, as millions of Africans attempt to enter Egypt fleeing poverty and war.  Border control methods can be "harsh, sometimes lethal." This has strained relations with Egypt's southern neighbors, and with Israel and the members of the EU as these immigrants attempt to move on to wealthier countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Desperate on the Border|author=Soussi, Alasdair|publisher=Jerusalem Report|date=9 November 2008|url= https://www.jpost.com/JerusalemReport/Article.aspx?id=119897|access-date=30 September 2012}}</ref>


The dispute between Egypt and [[Ethiopia]] over the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]] has become a national preoccupation in both countries.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Decian |title=For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/09/world/africa/nile-river-dam.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=9 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210015121/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/09/world/africa/nile-river-dam.html |archive-date=10 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam |url=https://qz.com/africa/1874343/egypt-cyber-attack-on-ethiopia-is-strike-over-the-grand-dam/ |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=27 June 2020}}</ref> Egypt sees the dam as an existential threat, fearing that the dam will reduce the amount of water it receives from the [[Nile]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02124-8 |work=Nature |date=15 July 2020}}</ref> Egypt's Foreign Minister [[Sameh Shoukry]] said: "Survival is not a question of choice, but an imperative of nature."<ref>{{cite news |title=Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war? |url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/107468/are-egypt-and-ethiopia-heading-for-a-water-war |work=The Week |date=8 July 2020}}</ref>
The dispute between Egypt and [[Ethiopia]] over the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]] has become a national preoccupation in both countries.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Decian |title=For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/09/world/africa/nile-river-dam.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=9 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210015121/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/09/world/africa/nile-river-dam.html |archive-date=10 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam |url=https://qz.com/africa/1874343/egypt-cyber-attack-on-ethiopia-is-strike-over-the-grand-dam/ |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=27 June 2020}}</ref> Egypt sees the dam as an existential threat, fearing that the dam will reduce the amount of water it receives from the [[Nile]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Row over Africa's largest dam in danger of escalating, warn scientists |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02124-8 |work=Nature |date=15 July 2020}}</ref> Egypt's former Foreign Minister [[Sameh Shoukry]] said: "Survival is not a question of choice, but an imperative of nature."<ref>{{cite news |title=Are Egypt and Ethiopia heading for a water war? |url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/107468/are-egypt-and-ethiopia-heading-for-a-water-war |work=The Week |date=8 July 2020}}</ref>


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
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* Angola has an embassy in Cairo.
* Angola has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Luanda]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Luanda]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}||30 June 1960||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 1960<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yitzhak Oron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0LooyExir7EC&dq=ambassador+Nagib+as-Sadr&pg=PA27 |title=Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960 Volume 1 |publisher=Published for The Israel Oriental Society, The Reuven Shiloah Research Center by George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Limited |year=1960 |pages=27 |access-date=22 November 2023}}</ref>
* DR Congo has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Kinshasa]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Djibouti}}||22 July 1977||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 July 1977, when the first Ambassador of Egypt to Djibouti, Mohamed Samy Heiba, presented his credentials to President Hassan Gouled Aptidon.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Cairo Press Review. |publisher=1977 |pages=9}}</ref>
* Djibouti has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Djibouti City]].
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt–Ethiopia relations]]
|{{flag|Ethiopia}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt–Ethiopia relations]]
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* Egypt has an embassy in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and a consulate-general in [[Benghazi]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] and a consulate-general in [[Benghazi]].
* Libya has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in Alexandria.
* Libya has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in Alexandria.
|-
|{{Flag|Mauritania}}
|21 October 1964
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 October 1964 when UAR (Egypt) officially recognized the Islamic Republic of Mauritania.<ref name="Brian Dean Curran, Joann L. Schrock 1972 97"/>
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Morocco}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt–Morocco relations]]
|{{flag|Morocco}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt–Morocco relations]]
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* Egypt has an embassy in [[Rabat]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Rabat]].
* Morocco has an embassy in Cairo.
* Morocco has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Nigeria}}||<!--Start Date-->||
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Abuja]] and a consulate-general in [[Lagos]].
* Nigeria has an [[Embassy of Nigeria, Cairo|embassy in Cairo]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Rwanda}}||10 February 1971||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 February 1971<ref>{{Cite book |title=Africa Research Bulletin |publisher=Blackwell |year=1971 |pages=2011}}</ref>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Kigali]].
* Rwanda has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Senegal}}||<!--Start Date-->||
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Dakar]].
* Senegal has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Somalia}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt–Somalia relations]]
|{{flag|Somalia}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt–Somalia relations]]
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|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Sudan}}||9 July 2011||See [[Egypt–South Sudan relations]]
|{{flag|South Sudan}}||9 July 2011||See [[Egypt–South Sudan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 July 2011<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2017 |title=South Sudan President visit to Egypt |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/107432?lang=en-us#:~:text=When%20South%20Sudan%20declared%20its,celebrations%20marking%20the%20country's%20independence. |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=State Informations Service Egypt}}</ref>
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 July 2011<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2017 |title=South Sudan President visit to Egypt |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/107432?lang=en-us#:~:text=When%20South%20Sudan%20declared%20its,celebrations%20marking%20the%20country's%20independence. |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=State Informations Service Egypt |archive-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112175744/https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/107432?lang=en-us#:~:text=When%20South%20Sudan%20declared%20its,celebrations%20marking%20the%20country's%20independence. |url-status=dead }}</ref>


* Egypt has an embassy in [[Juba]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Juba]].
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* Egypt has an embassy in [[Dar-es-Salaam]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Dar-es-Salaam]].
* Tanzania has an embassy in Cairo.
* Tanzania has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Tunisia}}||<!--Start Date-->||
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Tunis]].
* Tunisia has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Zimbabwe}}||23 April 1980||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 April 1980.<ref name="ReferenceE"/>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Harare]].
* Zimbabwe has an embassy in Cairo.
|}
|}


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|{{flag|United States}}||26 April 1922 ||See [[Egypt–United States relations]]
|{{flag|United States}}||26 April 1922 ||See [[Egypt–United States relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1922<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Egypt |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/egypt |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Office of the Historian}}</ref>
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1922<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Egypt |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/egypt |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Office of the Historian}}</ref>
After the [[Yom Kippur War]], [[Egyptian mythology|Egyptian]] foreign policy began to shift as a result of the change in Egypt's leadership from President [[Gamal Abdel-Nasser]] to [[Anwar Sadat]] and the emerging peace process between Egypt and [[Israel]]. Sadat realized that reaching a settlement of the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]] is a precondition for Egyptian development. To achieve this goal, Sadat ventured to enhance US–Egyptian relations to foster a peace process with Israel. After a seven-year hiatus, both countries reestablished normal diplomatic relations on February 28, 1974.
===Military cooperation===
Following the [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty|peace treaty with Israel]], between 1979 and 2003, the US has provided Egypt with about $19 billion in military aid, making Egypt the second largest non-NATO recipient of US military aid after Israel. Also, Egypt received about $30 billion in economic aid within the same time frame. In 2009, the US provided a military assistance of US$1.3 billion (inflation adjusted US$ {{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|1.3|2009|r=2}}}} billion in {{inflation/year|US}}), and an economic assistance of US$250 million (inflation adjusted US$ {{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|250|2009|r=1}}}} million in {{inflation/year|US}}).
In 1989 both Egypt and Israel became a [[Major non-NATO ally]] of the United States.
Military cooperation between the US and Egypt is probably the strongest aspect of their strategic partnership. General [[Anthony Zinni]], the former Commandant of the [[US Central Command]] (CENTCOM), once said, "Egypt is the most important country in my area of responsibility because of the access it gives me to the region." Egypt was also described during the [[Clinton Administration]] as the most prominent player in the Arab world and a key US ally in the Middle East. US military assistance to Egypt was considered part of the administration's strategy to maintaining continued availability of Persian Gulf energy resources and to secure the Suez Canal, which serves both as an important international oil route and as critical route for US warships transiting between the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and either the [[Indian Ocean]] or the [[Persian Gulf]].
The Egyptian military provides indirect support for the foreign policy of Egypt in the region. Egypt is the strongest military power on the African continent, and the whole Southwest Asia.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=2024 Military Strength Ranking |url=https://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing.php |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=www.globalfirepower.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
Egypt is one of the strongest militaries in the Mediterranean.<ref name=":3" />
Egypt has the strongest and the most powerful military of the Arab world, ranking 15th globally.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Egypt-defense-expo |first=Arab News |title= Egypt ranked strongest Arab military force|date=17 January 2024 |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/2443461/middle-east}}</ref>
===War on Terror===
Despite differences and periods of friction in relations between the two countries, the US-Egyptian relations under Mubarak have evolved moving beyond the Middle East peace process towards an independent bilateral friendship. It was in the US interest that Egypt was able to present moderate voice in Arab councils and persuade other Arab states to join the peace process and to normalize their relations with the US.
However lately Egyptian-American relations have become a little tense. This is due to a great extent to the Egyptian unwillingness to send troops to Afghanistan and Iraq in peace stabilization missions. Egypt strongly backed the US in its war against international terrorism after the September 11 attacks, but refused to send troops to Afghanistan during the war and after it. Egypt also opposed US military intervention of March 2003 in Iraq, continued to oppose US occupation of the country after the war and further refused to comply with US requests to send troops to the country even under a UN umbrella.
The issue of participation in the post-war construction efforts in Iraq has been controversial in Egypt and in the Arab world as a whole. Opponents say that the war was illegal and it is necessary to wait until Iraq has legal representative government to deal with it. On the other hand, supporters of participation argued that the responsibility to protect Iraqis and to help them in time of crisis should prevail and guide the Egyptian action in [[Iraq]], despite the fact that the Iraqis do not agree.


===Post-Mubarak relations with U.S.===
===Post-Mubarak relations with U.S.===
{{Update|section|date=December 2018}}
{{Update|section|date=December 2018}}
On January 21, 2012, the [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Secretary of Transportation]] [[Ray LaHood]]'s son, Sam, was detained by the Egyptian government and not allowed to leave the country as part of a politically charged criminal investigation by the Egyptian government into the activities of [[Non-governmental organization|non-governmental organizations (NGOs)]] monitoring local elections in Egypt. LaHood's son is the Egypt director of the [[International Republican Institute]]. The Egyptian government has detained twelve NGO representatives from leaving Egypt.<ref>{{cite news |title=As Tensions Rise, Egypt Bars Exit of Six Americans |author=Steven Myers and David Kirkpatrick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/world/middleeast/egypt-bars-son-of-ray-lahood-from-leaving.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/world/middleeast/egypt-bars-son-of-ray-lahood-from-leaving.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |newspaper=New York Times |date=January 26, 2012 |access-date=26 January 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
On 21 January 2012, the [[United States Secretary of Transportation|U.S. Secretary of Transportation]] [[Ray LaHood]]'s son, Sam, was detained by the Egyptian government and not allowed to leave the country as part of a politically charged criminal investigation by the Egyptian government into the activities of [[Non-governmental organization|non-governmental organizations (NGOs)]] monitoring local elections in Egypt. LaHood's son is the Egypt director of the [[International Republican Institute]]. The Egyptian government has detained twelve NGO representatives from leaving Egypt.<ref>{{cite news |title=As Tensions Rise, Egypt Bars Exit of Six Americans |author=Steven Myers and David Kirkpatrick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/world/middleeast/egypt-bars-son-of-ray-lahood-from-leaving.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/27/world/middleeast/egypt-bars-son-of-ray-lahood-from-leaving.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited |newspaper=New York Times |date=26 January 2012 |access-date=26 January 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref>


On February 5, 2012, Egyptian authorities charged LaHood's son and 42 other individuals with "spending money from organizations that were operating in Egypt without a license." Nineteen Americans are part of the 42 charged. The U.S. government has made it clear that $1.5 billion in U.S. aid to Egypt could be withheld if the investigation is not finished quickly. Faiza Abu Naga, [[Ministry of International Cooperation (Egypt)|Egypt's Minister of International Cooperation]], is seen as the person pushing the investigation forward, straining U.S. and Egypt relations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Londoño, Ernesto and William Wan |title=Egypt to prosecute Americans in NGO probe; Sam LaHood among those facing criminal charges|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/egypt-to-prosecute-americans-in-ngo-probe/2012/02/05/gIQAQRderQ_story.html?tid=pm_pop |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=5 February 2012 |access-date=7 February 2012}}</ref>
On 5 February 2012, Egyptian authorities charged LaHood's son and 42 other individuals with "spending money from organizations that were operating in Egypt without a license." Nineteen Americans are part of the 42 charged. The U.S. government has made it clear that $1.5 billion in U.S. aid to Egypt could be withheld if the investigation is not finished quickly. Faiza Abu Naga, [[Ministry of International Cooperation (Egypt)|Egypt's Minister of International Cooperation]], is seen as the person pushing the investigation forward, straining U.S. and Egypt relations.<ref>{{cite news |last=Londoño, Ernesto and William Wan |title=Egypt to prosecute Americans in NGO probe; Sam LaHood among those facing criminal charges|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/egypt-to-prosecute-americans-in-ngo-probe/2012/02/05/gIQAQRderQ_story.html?tid=pm_pop |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=5 February 2012 |access-date=7 February 2012}}</ref>


On 7 October 2020, in line with [[Egypt]]'s Vision 2030, [[US Agency for International Development]] (USAID) and [[Ministry of Investment and International Cooperation|Egypt's Ministry of International Cooperation]] signed an agreement to add $22.8 million to the five-year Inclusive Economic Governance bilateral assistance agreement. The funding was intended to improve the investment environment and empower women to join the labor force.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eg.usembassy.gov/united-states-commits-nearly-23-million-to-support-economic-governance-and-womens-empowerment-in-egypt/|title=United States Commits Nearly $23 million to Support Economic Governance and Women's Empowerment in Egypt|access-date=7 October 2020|website=US Embassy in Egypt|date=7 October 2020}}</ref>
On 7 October 2020, in line with [[Egypt]]'s Vision 2030, [[US Agency for International Development]] (USAID) and [[Ministry of Investment and International Cooperation|Egypt's Ministry of International Cooperation]] signed an agreement to add $22.8 million to the five-year Inclusive Economic Governance bilateral assistance agreement. The funding was intended to improve the investment environment and empower women to join the labor force.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eg.usembassy.gov/united-states-commits-nearly-23-million-to-support-economic-governance-and-womens-empowerment-in-egypt/|title=United States Commits Nearly $23 million to Support Economic Governance and Women's Empowerment in Egypt|access-date=7 October 2020|website=US Embassy in Egypt|date=7 October 2020}}</ref>
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! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flagcountry|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan}}||10 May 1928||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1928 when has been signed Treaty of Friendship between Afghanistan and Egypt.<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
* Afghanistan has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Kabul]].
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Armenia}}||9 March 1992
|{{flag|Armenia}}||9 March 1992
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|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||27 March 1992||
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}||27 March 1992||
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1992.<ref name="The Arab Republic of Egypt"/>
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1992.<ref name="The Arab Republic of Egypt"/>
* On December 26, 1991, the Arab Republic of Egypt recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Egypt |url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/content/306/egypt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129060205/https://mfa.gov.az/en/content/306/egypt |archive-date=2021-01-29 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=mfa.gov.az}}</ref>
* On 26 December 1991, the Arab Republic of Egypt recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Egypt |url=https://mfa.gov.az/en/content/306/egypt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129060205/https://mfa.gov.az/en/content/306/egypt |archive-date=2021-01-29 |access-date=2021-01-23 |website=mfa.gov.az}}</ref>
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Cairo.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Baku]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Baku]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bahrain}}||5 June 1972||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1972.<ref>{{Cite web |title=العلاقات الثنائية |url=https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=8262&language=ar-BH&Country=%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9 |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Bahrain |language=ar}}</ref>
* Bahrain has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Manama]].
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bangladesh }}||15 September 1973||See [[Bangladesh-Egypt relations]]
|{{flag|Bangladesh }}||15 September 1973||See [[Bangladesh-Egypt relations]]
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|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India }}||18 August 1947||See [[Egypt–India relations]]
|{{flag|India }}||18 August 1947||See [[Egypt–India relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 August 1947<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - Egypt Relations |url=https://www.eoicairo.gov.in/page/india-egypt/ |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Embassy of India Cairo,Egypt}}</ref>
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 August 1947<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - Egypt Relations |url=https://www.eoicairo.gov.in/page/india-egypt/ |access-date=28 April 2023 |website=Embassy of India Cairo, Egypt |archive-date=28 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428142444/https://www.eoicairo.gov.in/page/india-egypt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>


Modern Egypt-India relations go back to the contacts between [[Saad Zaghloul]] and [[Mohandas Gandhi]] on the common goals of their respective movements of independence. In 1955, Egypt under [[Gamal Abdul Nasser]] and India under [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] became the founders of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]]. During the 1956 War, Nehru stood supporting Egypt to the point of threatening to withdraw his country from the [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. In 1967, following the [[Six-Day War]], India supported Egypt and the Arabs. In 1977, New Delhi described the visit of President [[Anwar al-Sadat]] to Jerusalem as a "brave" move and considered the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel a primary step on the path of a just settlement of the Middle East problem. Major Egyptian exports to India include raw cotton, raw and manufactured fertilizers, oil and oil products, organic and non-organic chemicals, leather and iron products. Major imports into Egypt from India are cotton yarn, sesame, coffee, herbs, tobacco and lentils. The Egyptian Ministry of Petroleum is also currently negotiating the establishment of a natural gas-operated fertilizer plant with another Indian company. In 2004 the [[Gas Authority of India Limited]], bought 15% of Egypt Nat Gas distribution and marketing company.
Modern Egypt-India relations go back to the contacts between [[Saad Zaghloul]] and [[Mohandas Gandhi]] on the common goals of their respective movements of independence. In 1955, Egypt under [[Gamal Abdul Nasser]] and India under [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] became the founders of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]]. During the 1956 War, Nehru stood supporting Egypt to the point of threatening to withdraw his country from the [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. In 1967, following the [[Six-Day War]], India supported Egypt and the Arabs. In 1977, New Delhi described the visit of President [[Anwar al-Sadat]] to Jerusalem as a "brave" move and considered the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel a primary step on the path of a just settlement of the Middle East problem. Major Egyptian exports to India include raw cotton, raw and manufactured fertilizers, oil and oil products, organic and non-organic chemicals, leather and iron products. Major imports into Egypt from India are cotton yarn, sesame, coffee, herbs, tobacco and lentils. The Egyptian Ministry of Petroleum is also currently negotiating the establishment of a natural gas-operated fertilizer plant with another Indian company. In 2004 the [[Gas Authority of India Limited]], bought 15% of Egypt Nat Gas distribution and marketing company.
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|See [[Egypt–Iran relations]]
|See [[Egypt–Iran relations]]


In 1939, diplomatic relations between Egypt and [[Iran]] were upgraded to ambassadorial level, and [[Youssef Zulficar Pasha]] was appointed as Egypt's first ambassador in [[Tehran]]. In the same year, [[Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt|Princess Fawzia]] of Egypt, the sister of [[Farouk of Egypt|King Farouk I]], married [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], the then crown prince (later shah) of Iran. However, since the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Islamic Revolution]], Egypt's relations with Iran have been mostly strained. Egypt is the only Arab country not to have an embassy in Iran.<ref>[http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2009/07/02/77608.html Ahmadinejad unwelcome in Egypt: lawyer], Al Arabiya. July 2, 2009</ref> Contentious issues include Egypt's signing of the [[Camp David Accords]] with [[Israel]] in 1979, its support for [[Iraq]] in [[Iran–Iraq War|Iran's eight-year conflict]], the Islamic Republic's hailing of [[Khalid Islambouli]], the late [[President of Egypt|President]] [[Anwar Sadat]]'s assassin as a religious hero, seeing as there was both a street and mural named after him (however, the honorer was changed to [[Muhammad al-Durrah]], the 12-year-old [[Palestinian Arab|Palestinian]] boy shot and killed during the outset of the Second Intifada), and close Egyptian relations with the [[United States]], and most of the [[Western Europe]]an countries. In 2007, relations between the two have thawed in the fields of diplomacy and economic trade, only to collapse during the [[Gaza War (2008–09)]] when the Iranian and Egyptian politicians exchanged blames over inaction towards the escalation. Despite wavering tensions between [[Tehran]] and [[Cairo]], the two countries are members of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]] and the [[Developing 8]]
In 1939, diplomatic relations between Egypt and [[Iran]] were upgraded to ambassadorial level, and [[Youssef Zulficar Pasha]] was appointed as Egypt's first ambassador in [[Tehran]]. In the same year, [[Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt|Princess Fawzia]] of Egypt, the sister of [[Farouk of Egypt|King Farouk I]], married [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], the then crown prince (later shah) of Iran. However, since the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Islamic Revolution]], Egypt's relations with Iran have been mostly strained. Egypt is the only Arab country not to have an embassy in Iran.<ref>[http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2009/07/02/77608.html Ahmadinejad unwelcome in Egypt: lawyer], Al Arabiya. 2 July 2009</ref> Contentious issues include Egypt's signing of the [[Camp David Accords]] with [[Israel]] in 1979, its support for [[Iraq]] in [[Iran–Iraq War|Iran's eight-year conflict]], the Islamic Republic's hailing of [[Khalid Islambouli]], the late [[President of Egypt|President]] [[Anwar Sadat]]'s assassin as a religious hero, seeing as there was both a street and mural named after him (however, the honorer was changed to [[Muhammad al-Durrah]], the 12-year-old [[Palestinian Arab|Palestinian]] boy shot and killed during the outset of the Second Intifada), and close Egyptian relations with the [[United States]], and most of the [[Western Europe]]an countries. In 2007, relations between the two have thawed in the fields of diplomacy and economic trade, only to collapse during the [[Gaza War (2008–09)]] when the Iranian and Egyptian politicians exchanged blames over inaction towards the escalation. Despite wavering tensions between [[Tehran]] and [[Cairo]], the two countries are members of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]] and the [[Developing 8]]


In 2010, leaked diplomatic cables revealed that Mubarak expressed animosity toward Iran in private meetings, saying the Iranian leaders are "big, fat liars", and that Iran's backing of terrorism is "well-known".<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-nov-29-la-fg-wikileaks-arabs-20101130-story.html "WikiLeaks: Diplomatic cables show Egyptian leader's acrimony with Iran"], ''Los Angeles Times'', November 29, 2010</ref> According to one American report, Mubarak views Iran as the primary long-term challenge facing Egypt, and an Egyptian official said that Iran is running agents inside Egypt in an effort to subvert the Egyptian regime. he also stated that if Iran will reach a nuclear weapons, Egypt will also consider reaching such weapons.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704457604576011643624083766?mod=googlenews_wsj "Iran, Israel and the Arab Contradiction"], by Ronen Bergman, ''Wall Street Journal'', December 11, 2010</ref>
In 2010, leaked diplomatic cables revealed that Mubarak expressed animosity toward Iran in private meetings, saying the Iranian leaders are "big, fat liars", and that Iran's backing of terrorism is "well-known".<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-nov-29-la-fg-wikileaks-arabs-20101130-story.html "WikiLeaks: Diplomatic cables show Egyptian leader's acrimony with Iran"], ''Los Angeles Times'', 29 November 2010</ref> According to one American report, Mubarak views Iran as the primary long-term challenge facing Egypt, and an Egyptian official said that Iran is running agents inside Egypt in an effort to subvert the Egyptian regime. he also stated that if Iran will reach a nuclear weapons, Egypt will also consider reaching such weapons.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704457604576011643624083766?mod=googlenews_wsj "Iran, Israel and the Arab Contradiction"], by Ronen Bergman, ''Wall Street Journal'', 11 December 2010</ref>
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|{{flag|Iraq }}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt-Iraq relations]]
|{{flag|Iraq }}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt-Iraq relations]]
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The state of war between both countries which dated back from the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] ended in 1973 with the [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty]] a year after the [[Camp David Accords]]. Since then, relations have improved.
The state of war between both countries which dated back from the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]] ended in 1973 with the [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty]] a year after the [[Camp David Accords]]. Since then, relations have improved.


Being a pioneer of peace making in the region and driven from its belief that a peaceful Middle East is the best solution for the development of Egypt, the third Egyptian president [[Anwar Sadat's visit to Israel|Anwar Sadat's groundbreaking trip to Israel]] in 1977, the 1978 [[Camp David Accords]], and the 1979 [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty]] represented a fundamental shift in the politics of the region; from a strategy of confrontation to one of peace as a strategic choice. Egypt was subsequently ostracized by other Arab states and ejected from the [[Arab League]] from 1979 to 1989.
Being a pioneer of peace making in the region and driven from its belief that a peaceful Middle East is the best solution for the development of Egypt, the third Egyptian president [[Anwar Sadat's visit to Jerusalem|Anwar Sadat's groundbreaking trip to Jerusalem]] in 1977, the 1978 [[Camp David Accords]], and the 1979 [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty]] represented a fundamental shift in the politics of the region; from a strategy of confrontation to one of peace as a strategic choice. Egypt was subsequently ostracized by other Arab states and ejected from the [[Arab League]] from 1979 to 1989.


However, due to circumstances of today's [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]], full normalization of relations between these two countries is still halted and sometimes fought against in both countries. The Egyptian ambassador to Tel Aviv is often withdrawn, and the peace has been called a cool peace due to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
However, due to circumstances of today's [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict]], full normalization of relations between these two countries is still halted and sometimes fought against in both countries. The Egyptian ambassador to Tel Aviv is often withdrawn, and the peace has been called a cool peace due to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
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Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1947 when Mohamed Bey Yassin, Egyptian Minister in Transjordan with residence in Baghdad presented his credentials.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Jarman |title=Political Diaries of the Arab World: 1947 |publisher=Archive Editions |year=2001 |pages=601}}</ref>
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1947 when Mohamed Bey Yassin, Egyptian Minister in Transjordan with residence in Baghdad presented his credentials.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Jarman |title=Political Diaries of the Arab World: 1947 |publisher=Archive Editions |year=2001 |pages=601}}</ref>


On April 6, 1972, the Egyptian government severed relations in protest for a Jordanian plan for federation with the West Bank, which didn't take PLO interests unto consideration. These relations were restored on September 11, 1973.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=68652&dt=2472&dl=1345| title = US diplomatic cable on the resumption of relations}}</ref> They were severed again in 1979, this time by the Jordanian government, in protest of the Egypt–Israel peace treaty. Following the outbreak of the Lebanon War of 1982, the US government put pressure on both governments to reach accommodation for the purpose of formulating a joint peace strategy vis-a-vis the Israeli government,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=39523&st=&st1=|title=Ronald Reagan: Remarks of President Reagan, President Mohammed Hosni Mubarak of Egypt, and King Hussein I of Jordan Following Their Meetings|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> and relations were restored on September 25, 1984.
On 6 April 1972, the Egyptian government severed relations in protest for a Jordanian plan for federation with the West Bank, which didn't take PLO interests unto consideration. These relations were restored on 11 September 1973.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=68652&dt=2472&dl=1345| title = US diplomatic cable on the resumption of relations}}</ref> They were severed again in 1979, this time by the Jordanian government, in protest of the Egypt–Israel peace treaty. Following the outbreak of the Lebanon War of 1982, the US government put pressure on both governments to reach accommodation for the purpose of formulating a joint peace strategy vis-a-vis the Israeli government,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=39523&st=&st1=|title=Ronald Reagan: Remarks of President Reagan, President Mohammed Hosni Mubarak of Egypt, and King Hussein I of Jordan Following Their Meetings|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> and relations were restored on 25 September 1984.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Amman]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Amman]].
* Jordan has an embassy in Cairo.
* Jordan has an embassy in Cairo.
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In 2006, [[President Mubarak]] of Egypt visited Kazakhstan on the third leg of a three-country tour. During the visit he met with Kazakh President [[Nursultan Nazarbayev|Nazarbayev]]. Mubarak stated that 30 trade and economic cooperation agreements had been concluded between the two countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/VR/kazakhstan/einter5.htm |title=Mubarak, Nazarbayev: Need underlined for pushing peace process, developing bilateral ties |access-date=2009-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614002822/http://www.sis.gov.eg/VR/kazakhstan/einter5.htm |archive-date=2011-06-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 2006, [[President Mubarak]] of Egypt visited Kazakhstan on the third leg of a three-country tour. During the visit he met with Kazakh President [[Nursultan Nazarbayev|Nazarbayev]]. Mubarak stated that 30 trade and economic cooperation agreements had been concluded between the two countries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/VR/kazakhstan/einter5.htm |title=Mubarak, Nazarbayev: Need underlined for pushing peace process, developing bilateral ties |access-date=2009-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614002822/http://www.sis.gov.eg/VR/kazakhstan/einter5.htm |archive-date=2011-06-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Kuwait}}||2 December 1961||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 December 1961<ref name="Today in Kuwait's History"/>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Kuwait City]].
* Kuwait has an embassy in Cairo.
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|{{flag|Lebanon}}||30 November 1944||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1944 when was opened Legation of Lebanon in Cairo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=KHOURY Gérard |title=Sélim Takla 1895-1945. Une contribution à l'indépendance du Liban |publisher=Karthala Editions |year=2004 |pages=389 |language=fr}}</ref>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Beirut]].
* Lebanon has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in Alexandria.
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|{{flag|Malaysia}}||1957<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.eg/English/Embassies/Egyptian_Embassy_Malaysia/bilateralrelations/Pages/History.aspx|title=Bilateral Relations|publisher=Embassy of Egypt in Kuala Lumpur|access-date=8 January 2014|archive-date=7 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107162703/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/English/Embassies/Egyptian_Embassy_Malaysia/bilateralrelations/Pages/History.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|{{flag|Malaysia}}||1957<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.eg/English/Embassies/Egyptian_Embassy_Malaysia/bilateralrelations/Pages/History.aspx|title=Bilateral Relations|publisher=Embassy of Egypt in Kuala Lumpur|access-date=8 January 2014|archive-date=7 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107162703/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/English/Embassies/Egyptian_Embassy_Malaysia/bilateralrelations/Pages/History.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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Cairo currently hosts Mongolia's only embassy on the African continent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mongolianembassy.us/eng_embassy_info/missions_abroad.php |title=Missions Abroad |publisher=Embassy of Mongolia, Washington D.C. |access-date=2007-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011090744/http://mongolianembassy.us/eng_embassy_info/missions_abroad.php |archive-date=2007-10-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=BBC|title=Mongolian president discusses cooperation with Egyptian counterpart|date=2004-05-03|access-date=2007-10-26|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/BBAB/lib00589,1025DDF543B4119D.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707204143/http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/BBAB/lib00589,1025DDF543B4119D.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-07}}</ref>
Cairo currently hosts Mongolia's only embassy on the African continent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mongolianembassy.us/eng_embassy_info/missions_abroad.php |title=Missions Abroad |publisher=Embassy of Mongolia, Washington D.C. |access-date=2007-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011090744/http://mongolianembassy.us/eng_embassy_info/missions_abroad.php |archive-date=2007-10-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=BBC|title=Mongolian president discusses cooperation with Egyptian counterpart|date=2004-05-03|access-date=2007-10-26|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/BBAB/lib00589,1025DDF543B4119D.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707204143/http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/BBAB/lib00589,1025DDF543B4119D.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-07-07}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Oman}}||<!--Start Date-->||
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Muscat]].
* Oman has an embassy in Cairo.
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|{{flag|Pakistan }}||20 October 1947||See [[Egypt–Pakistan relations]]
|{{flag|Pakistan }}||20 October 1947||See [[Egypt–Pakistan relations]]
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080524023101/http://www.mofat.go.kr/english/regions/meafrica/20070824/1_1354.jsp South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Egypt]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080524023101/http://www.mofat.go.kr/english/regions/meafrica/20070824/1_1354.jsp South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Egypt]
* [[Foreign relations of South Korea#Europe]].<ref name="mofa.go.kr">{{cite web |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070824/1_24453.jsp?menu=m_30_50 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714162400/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070824/1_24453.jsp?menu=m_30_50 |archive-date=14 July 2015 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=www.mofa.go.kr}}</ref>
* [[Foreign relations of South Korea#Europe]].<ref name="mofa.go.kr">{{cite web |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea-Middle East and Africa |url=http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070824/1_24453.jsp?menu=m_30_50 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714162400/http://www.mofa.go.kr/ENG/countries/middleeast/countries/20070824/1_24453.jsp?menu=m_30_50 |archive-date=14 July 2015 |access-date=17 January 2022 |website=www.mofa.go.kr}}</ref>
|-
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|{{Flag|Thailand}}
|27 September 1954
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 1954<ref name="ความสัมพันธ์ ไทย-อียิปต์"/>
*Egypt has an embassy in [[Bangkok]].
*Thailand has an embassy in [[Cairo]].
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|{{flag|Turkey}}||8 May 1925||See also [[Egypt–Turkey relations]]
|{{flag|Turkey}}||8 May 1925||See also [[Egypt–Turkey relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 1925.<ref name="Isis Press"/>
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 1925.<ref name="Isis Press"/>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a Consulate General in [[Istanbul]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Ankara]] and a Consulate General in [[Istanbul]].
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Cairo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kahire.be.mfa.gov.tr/|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kahire Büyükelçiliği}}</ref> and a Consulate General in [[Alexandria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iskenderiye.bk.mfa.gov.tr/|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İskenderiye Başkonsolosluğu}}</ref>
* Turkey has an embassy in [[Cairo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kahire.be.mfa.gov.tr/|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Kahire Büyükelçiliği}}</ref> and a Consulate General in [[Alexandria]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iskenderiye.bk.mfa.gov.tr/|title=Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İskenderiye Başkonsolosluğu|access-date=20 October 2020|archive-date=17 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917122744/http://iskenderiye.bk.mfa.gov.tr/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was US$5.25 billion in 2018 (Egyptian exports/imports: 2.19/3.06 billion USD).<ref name="mfa.gov.tr">{{Cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-egypt.en.mfa| title= Turkey-Egypt Economic and Trade Relations}}</ref>
*Trade volume between the two countries was US$5.25 billion in 2018 (Egyptian exports/imports: 2.19/3.06 billion USD).<ref name="mfa.gov.tr">{{Cite web | url=http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-commercial-and-economic-relations-with-egypt.en.mfa| title= Turkey-Egypt Economic and Trade Relations}}</ref>
* 100,971 Egyptian tourists visited Turkey in 2017.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr"/>
* 100,971 Egyptian tourists visited Turkey in 2017.<ref name="mfa.gov.tr"/>
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* Egypt has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi]] and a consulate-general in [[Dubai]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi]] and a consulate-general in [[Dubai]].
* United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Cairo.
* United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Vietnam }}||1 September 1963
|
* Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 1963.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of countries which maintains diplomatic relations with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (as April 2010) |url=https://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/ |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs Viet Nam |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426174310/https://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cn_vakv/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Vietnam first opened its commercial representative office in Egypt in 1958, and opened an embassy in Cairo in 1963.
* Egypt's embassy in [[Hanoi]] was opened in 1964.
|-
|{{Flag|Yemen}}
|11 April 1946
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 April 1946<ref name="India Quarterly Volume 2"/>
|}
|}


===Europe===  
===Europe===  
{{See also|Egypt–European Union relations}}
{{See also|Egypt–European Union relations}}Some time after the starting of the [[Arab Spring]], in March 2011 the [[European Union]] adopted the joint declaration ' A partnership for democracy and shared prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean', aimed at making a number of initiatives in the field of civic society support, financial assistance and further access to the EU market dependent upon advancement in the democratization process.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/where/neighbourhood/arab_spring/index_en.htm |title=EU response to the Arab Spring |access-date=2014-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402172208/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/where/neighbourhood/arab_spring/index_en.htm |archive-date=2014-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[European Union]] relations with Egypt are based on a partnership relation within the Euro – Mediterranean and Middle East area, which is of vital strategic importance and a key external relations priority for the EU.
 
The [[Euro-Mediterranean Partnership]] launched at the 1995 Barcelona Conference between the European Union and its originally 12 [[Mediterranean]] Partners: [[Algeria]], [[Cyprus]], [[Egypt]], [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Lebanon]], [[Malta]], [[Morocco]], [[Syria]], [[Tunisia]], [[Turkey]], and the [[Palestinian Authority]]. [[Libya]] currently has observer status at certain meetings. Since the enlargement, in May 2004 and January 2007, the co-operation and needs covers 35 countries, the EU of 27, including [[Cyprus]] and [[Malta]] and the 10 Mediterranean Partners.
 
Egypt has also taken an active role regarding Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, such as its participation in the technical meeting of which it was the speaker for the Arab group. Additionally, the first meeting of the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary assembly was co-chaired by an Egyptian.
 
Egypt has been one of the leading recipients among the Mediterranean partners in terms of total funds received from the [[MEDA programme]], the principal financial instrument of the European Union for the implementation of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. It is focused on policy-led, national structural reform and liberalisation programmes with a sector-wide approach.
 
The EU is Egypt's biggest trading partner currently accounting for 42% of Egyptian exports and 37% of imports, with the [[balance of trade]] still in the EU's favour. Trade between the EU and Egypt has risen by more than 5% in the last five years to reach around 11.6 billion euro in 2004. Egypt's main exports to the EU in 2004 were energy (39%), textiles and clothing (15%), agricultural products (9%), and chemicals (5%). Major imports from the EU were power generating machinery (21%), chemicals (16%), transport equipment (16%), and food and agricultural products (10%). Egypt has a serious but improving trade deficit that has put considerable pressure on the [[Egyptian pound]].
 
Trade relations with the EU are good although there are several outstanding trade and phyto-sanitary issues. These range from specific market access issues and difficulties for businesses facing a highly regulated and complex system through to restrictions in the export of agricultural goods (potatoes) and fishery products because they do not conform with EU quality norms.
 
Egypt is included in the European Union's [[European Neighbourhood Policy]] (ENP) which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer.
 
Some time after the starting of the [[Arab Spring]], in March 2011 the [[European Union]] adopted the joint declaration ' A partnership for democracy and shared prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean', aimed at making a number of initiatives in the field of civic society support, financial assistance and further access to the EU market dependent upon advancement in the democratization process.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/where/neighbourhood/arab_spring/index_en.htm |title=EU response to the Arab Spring |access-date=2014-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402172208/http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/where/neighbourhood/arab_spring/index_en.htm |archive-date=2014-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


As far as Egypt was concerned this declaration envisioned the further deepening of the previous Free Trade Agreement stipulated in 2004, geared towards the inclusion of areas such as trade in services, government procurement, competition, intellectual property rights, and investment protection. To the 2011 declaration, a preliminary phase of the negotiations followed in June 2013, when the EU and [[Egypt]] began an exploratory dialogue on how to deepen trade and investment relations, in particular through the possible negotiation of a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tax-news.com/news/EU_Seeks_To_Resume_Talks_On_DCFTA_With_Egypt____63682.html|title=EU Seeks To Resume Talks On DCFTA With Egypt|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221171821/http://www.tax-news.com/news/EU_Seeks_To_Resume_Talks_On_DCFTA_With_Egypt____63682.html|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
As far as Egypt was concerned this declaration envisioned the further deepening of the previous Free Trade Agreement stipulated in 2004, geared towards the inclusion of areas such as trade in services, government procurement, competition, intellectual property rights, and investment protection. To the 2011 declaration, a preliminary phase of the negotiations followed in June 2013, when the EU and [[Egypt]] began an exploratory dialogue on how to deepen trade and investment relations, in particular through the possible negotiation of a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tax-news.com/news/EU_Seeks_To_Resume_Talks_On_DCFTA_With_Egypt____63682.html|title=EU Seeks To Resume Talks On DCFTA With Egypt|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221171821/http://www.tax-news.com/news/EU_Seeks_To_Resume_Talks_On_DCFTA_With_Egypt____63682.html|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
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Earlier in July 2013, EU High Representative [[Catherine Ashton]] had visited Egypt in an attempt to promote reconciliation among the parties involved. She is credited for being the only foreign diplomat to get access to deposed president Mohamed Morsi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/aug/04/baroness-ashton-morsi-secret-meeting|title=How Baroness Ashton engineered a secret meeting at dead of night with Morsi|author=Elizabeth Day|work=the Guardian|date=3 August 2013|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
Earlier in July 2013, EU High Representative [[Catherine Ashton]] had visited Egypt in an attempt to promote reconciliation among the parties involved. She is credited for being the only foreign diplomat to get access to deposed president Mohamed Morsi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/aug/04/baroness-ashton-morsi-secret-meeting|title=How Baroness Ashton engineered a secret meeting at dead of night with Morsi|author=Elizabeth Day|work=the Guardian|date=3 August 2013|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
In an official statement released at the end of a following visit held in April 2014, the Representative raised the issue of the death penalties and incarceration of journalists and activists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/egypt/press_corner/all_news/news/2014/20140411_en.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224441/http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/egypt/press_corner/all_news/news/2014/20140411_en.pdf |archive-date=2014-05-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the same time, her later declarations about el-Sisi's bid for presidential candidacy as "difficult" but "brave"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://madamasr.com/content/eu-policy-chief-calls-sisi-presidential-bid-brave|title=EU policy chief calls Sisi presidential bid 'brave'|work=Mada Masr|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> sparked harsh criticism among supporters of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]], who claimed the Representative, who advanced logistical reasons, did not make any efforts to get in touch with them and members of their Anti-Coup Alliance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/haber/133487/egypts-anti-coup-bloc-slams-ashtons-sisi-visit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421065314/http://www.worldbulletin.net/haber/133487/egypts-anti-coup-bloc-slams-ashtons-sisi-visit|url-status=usurped|archive-date=April 21, 2014|title=Egypt's anti-coup bloc slams Ashton's Sisi visit - Middle East - Worldbulletin News|work=World Bulletin|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
In an official statement released at the end of a following visit held in April 2014, the Representative raised the issue of the death penalties and incarceration of journalists and activists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/egypt/press_corner/all_news/news/2014/20140411_en.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224441/http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/egypt/press_corner/all_news/news/2014/20140411_en.pdf |archive-date=2014-05-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> At the same time, her later declarations about el-Sisi's bid for presidential candidacy as "difficult" but "brave"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://madamasr.com/content/eu-policy-chief-calls-sisi-presidential-bid-brave|title=EU policy chief calls Sisi presidential bid 'brave'|work=Mada Masr|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> sparked harsh criticism among supporters of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]], who claimed the Representative, who advanced logistical reasons, did not make any efforts to get in touch with them and members of their Anti-Coup Alliance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/haber/133487/egypts-anti-coup-bloc-slams-ashtons-sisi-visit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421065314/http://www.worldbulletin.net/haber/133487/egypts-anti-coup-bloc-slams-ashtons-sisi-visit|url-status=usurped|archive-date=21 April 2014|title=Egypt's anti-coup bloc slams Ashton's Sisi visit - Middle East - Worldbulletin News|work=World Bulletin|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>


In April 2014, the European Union agreed to conduct electoral monitoring, for the first time, in occasion of the Presidential elections scheduled for 26/27 May 2014. Other organizations declined to join, as in their opinion this would legitimize what they called an unlawful take on power.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/04/eu-legitimising-sisi-coup-egypt-20144161181767834.html|title=Is the EU legitimising Sisi's coup?|author=Alastair Sloan|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
In April 2014, the European Union agreed to conduct electoral monitoring, for the first time, in occasion of the Presidential elections scheduled for 26/27 May 2014. Other organizations declined to join, as in their opinion this would legitimize what they called an unlawful take on power.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2014/04/eu-legitimising-sisi-coup-egypt-20144161181767834.html|title=Is the EU legitimising Sisi's coup?|author=Alastair Sloan|access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
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! style="width:50%;"| Notes
! style="width:50%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
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|{{flag|Albania}}||14 March 1956||See [[Albania–Egypt relations]]
|{{flag|Albania}}||19 April 1956||See [[Albania–Egypt relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 March 1956<ref name="books.google.com"/>
Both countries established diplomatic relations on {{dts|19 April 1956}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Relations between the Republic of Albania and the Arab Republic of Egypt |url=https://ambasadat.gov.al/egypt/en/bilateral-relations/ |access-date=16 May 2026 |website=Embassy of the Republic of Albania in Egypt}}</ref>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Tirana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.eg/english/embassies/egyptian_embassy_albania/pages/default.aspx |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Home |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2017-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818012847/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/english/embassies/Egyptian_Embassy_Albania/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Tirana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.eg/english/embassies/egyptian_embassy_albania/pages/default.aspx |title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Home |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-date=2017-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818012847/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/english/embassies/Egyptian_Embassy_Albania/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Albania has an embassy in [[Cairo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ambasadat.gov.al/egypt/en |title=Albanian Embassy in Egypt |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923101621/http://www.ambasadat.gov.al/egypt/en |archive-date=2016-09-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  
* Albania has an embassy in [[Cairo]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ambasadat.gov.al/egypt/en |title=Albanian Embassy in Egypt |access-date=2016-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923101621/http://www.ambasadat.gov.al/egypt/en |archive-date=2016-09-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria}}||||
* Austria has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Vienna]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belgium}}||||
* Belgium has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Brussels]].
|- valign="top"
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|{{flag|Bulgaria}}||5 November 1925||See [[Bulgaria–Egypt relations]]
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}||5 November 1925||See [[Bulgaria–Egypt relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1925<ref>{{Cite web |title=Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005) |url=http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%2520%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%2520%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826071151/http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 26, 2018 |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=bg}}</ref>
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1925<ref>{{Cite web |title=Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005) |url=http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B3%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%2520%25D0%25BF%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B4%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0/%25D0%2594%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%2520%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BE%25D1%2588%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826071151/http://filip-nikolov.com/files/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.doc |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 August 2018 |access-date=23 October 2023 |language=bg}}</ref>


*Bulgaria has an embassy in [[Cairo]].<ref>[http://www.mfa.bg/cairo/ Bulgarian embassy in Cairo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224182335/http://www.mfa.bg/cairo/ |date=February 24, 2014 }}</ref>   
*Bulgaria has an embassy in [[Cairo]].<ref>[http://www.mfa.bg/cairo/ Bulgarian embassy in Cairo] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224182335/http://www.mfa.bg/cairo/ |date=24 February 2014 }}</ref>   
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Sofia]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Sofia]].
|- valign="top"
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  |title=Cyprus and Egypt keep LNG talks secret  
  |title=Cyprus and Egypt keep LNG talks secret  
  |work=FinancialMirror  
  |work=FinancialMirror  
  |date=April 9, 2009  
  |date=9 April 2009  
  |access-date=May 1, 2009  
  |access-date=1 May 2009  
  |url-status=dead  
  |url-status=dead  
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605040303/http://www.financialmirror.com/News/Cyprus_and_World_News/14835  
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605040303/http://www.financialmirror.com/News/Cyprus_and_World_News/14835  
  |archive-date=June 5, 2011  
  |archive-date=5 June 2011  
}}</ref>  
}}</ref>  
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||||
* Czech Republic has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Prague]].
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark}}||1 June 1922||See [[Denmark–Egypt relations]]
|{{flag|Denmark}}||1 June 1922||See [[Denmark–Egypt relations]]
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|{{flag|Finland }}||15 February 1947
|{{flag|Finland }}||15 February 1947
|
|
* Finland recognised Egypt on April 8, 1922.
* Finland recognised Egypt on 8 April 1922.
* Egypt broke off diplomatic relations on January 5, 1942, but diplomatic relations were re-established on February 15, 1947.<ref name="finlandabroad.fi"/>
* Egypt broke off diplomatic relations on 5 January 1942, but diplomatic relations were re-established on 15 February 1947.<ref name="finlandabroad.fi"/>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Helsinki]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Helsinki]].
* Finland has an embassy in Cairo (since July 1, 1959) and an honorary consulate general in [[Alexandria]].
* Finland has an embassy in Cairo (since 1 July 1959) and an honorary consulate general in [[Alexandria]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110820171427/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17207&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland about Egypt]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110820171427/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=17207&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland about Egypt]
|- valign="top"
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* [https://www.mfa.gr/en/blog/greece-bilateral-relations/egypt/ Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Egypt]
* [https://www.mfa.gr/en/blog/greece-bilateral-relations/egypt/ Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Egypt]
* [http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/greece/athens/embassy/en-GB/  Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Greece] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019072136/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/greece/athens/embassy/en-GB |date=2009-10-19 }}  
* [http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/greece/athens/embassy/en-GB/  Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Greece] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019072136/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/greece/athens/embassy/en-GB |date=2009-10-19 }}  
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Hungary}}||||
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Budapest]].
* Hungary has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ireland }}||12 December 1974
|{{flag|Ireland }}||12 December 1974
Line 1,365: Line 1,239:
|{{flag|Malta }}||2 November 1965
|{{flag|Malta }}||2 November 1965
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 November 1965<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2004 |title=Speaker of the house of representatives leads maltese parliamentary delegation on an official visit to the Arab Republic of Egypt |url=https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Pages/2004/03/11/PR327.aspx |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=gov.mt}}</ref>
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 November 1965<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2004 |title=Speaker of the house of representatives leads maltese parliamentary delegation on an official visit to the Arab Republic of Egypt |url=https://www.gov.mt/en/Government/DOI/Press%20Releases/Pages/2004/03/11/PR327.aspx |access-date=22 October 2023 |website=gov.mt}}</ref>
* Malta has an embassy in [[Cairo]] and 2 honorary consulates in [[Alexandria]] and [[Suez]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.mt/images/files/file/EGYPT(1).pdf|title=Sorry. The page you are looking for does not exist|access-date=21 February 2015}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Malta has an embassy in [[Cairo]] and 2 honorary consulates in [[Alexandria]] and [[Suez]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.mt/images/files/file/EGYPT(1).pdf|title=Sorry. The page you are looking for does not exist|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-date=8 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508222907/http://www.mfa.gov.mt/images/files/file/EGYPT(1).pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Valletta]] and [[Ta' Xbiex]].<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/malta/valletta/embassy/en-GB/default.htm Egyptian embassy in Valletta] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114172217/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/malta/valletta/embassy/en-GB/default.htm |date=January 14, 2010 }}</ref>   
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Valletta]] and [[Ta' Xbiex]].<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/malta/valletta/embassy/en-GB/default.htm Egyptian embassy in Valletta] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114172217/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/malta/valletta/embassy/en-GB/default.htm |date=14 January 2010 }}</ref>   
|- valign="top"
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|{{flag|Netherlands }}||16 November 1922
|{{flag|Netherlands }}||16 November 1922
Line 1,378: Line 1,252:


North Macedonia has an embassy in [[Cairo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=428&Itemid=750&lang=en#dkpafrika|title = Министерство за надворешни работи}}</ref>  
North Macedonia has an embassy in [[Cairo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=428&Itemid=750&lang=en#dkpafrika|title = Министерство за надворешни работи}}</ref>  
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Norway}}||||
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Oslo]].
* Norway has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland }}||1927
|{{flag|Poland }}||1927
Line 1,388: Line 1,258:
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].
* Poland has an embassy in Cairo.
* Poland has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal }}||25 June 1925
|Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1925<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lB8tAAAAIAAJ&dq=...+Portugal+.+Rescrit+royal+%C3%A9gyptien+du+25.6.%2725+%2C+portant+nomination+d%27un+ministre+pl%C3%A9nipotentiaire+d%27Egypte+au+Portugal+...&pg=PA292 |title=Bulletin de l'Institut intermédiaire international Volume 13 |publisher=Institut intermédiaire international (Hague, Netherlands), International Intermediary Institute |year=1925 |pages=292 |language=fr}}</ref>
* Portugal has an embassy in Cairo.
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Lisbon]].
|- valign="top"
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|{{flag|Romania }}||3 April 1926
|{{flag|Romania }}||3 April 1926
Line 1,423: Line 1,288:
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Madrid]].
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Madrid]].
* Spain has an embassy in Cairo.
* Spain has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden }}||25 November 1922||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 November 1922 when Harald Bildt take up the post of first Swedish Minister to Egypt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sphinx, Vol. 30, No. 486, 1922 |url=https://digitalcollections.aucegypt.edu/digital/collection/sphinx/id/6262/ |access-date=14 January 2024 |website=The American University in Cairo}}</ref>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Stockholm]].
* Sweden has an embassy in Cairo.
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Switzerland }}||11 March 1935
|{{flag|Switzerland }}||11 March 1935
Line 1,444: Line 1,305:
* Since 1993, Ukraine has an embassy in [[Cairo]] and an honorary consulate in [[Alexandria]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.ua/egypt/en/ |title=Ukrainian embassy in Cairo |publisher=Mfa.gov.ua |access-date=2011-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201040616/http://www.mfa.gov.ua/egypt/en/ |archive-date=2011-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Since 1993, Ukraine has an embassy in [[Cairo]] and an honorary consulate in [[Alexandria]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.ua/egypt/en/ |title=Ukrainian embassy in Cairo |publisher=Mfa.gov.ua |access-date=2011-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201040616/http://www.mfa.gov.ua/egypt/en/ |archive-date=2011-02-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||<!--Start Date-->||See [[Egypt–United Kingdom relations]]
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}|| 1914 ||See [[Egypt–United Kingdom relations]]
[[File:The Prime Minister arrives in Egypt (53270852942).jpg|thumb|right|[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Rishi Sunak]] with [[President of Egypt|Egyptian President]] [[Abdel Fattah el-Sisi]] at [[2022 United Nations Climate Change Conference|COP27]] in [[Sharm El Sheikh]], October 2023.]]
Egypt established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 19 December 1914.<ref name="britain"/>
*Egypt maintains an [[Embassy of Egypt, London|embassy]] in London.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=Diplomat Magazine|date=1 December 2016|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/africa/egypt/|title=Egypt|website=Diplomat Magazine|access-date=12 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525041314/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/africa/egypt/|archive-date=25 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The United Kingdom is accredited to Egypt through its embassy in [[Cairo]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-cairo|title=British Embassy Cairo|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|access-date=12 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250704153420/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-cairo|archive-date=4 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>


* Egypt has an embassy in [[London]].
The UK governed [[History of Egypt under the British|Egypt]] from 1882 to 1956, when it achieved full independence.
* United Kingdom has an embassy in Cairo.
 
Both countries share common membership of the [[United Nations]], the [[World Health Organization]], and the [[World Trade Organization]]. Bilaterally the two countries have an [[Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom|Association Agreement]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Muzoriwa|first=Kudakwashie|title=UK and Egypt sign Association Agreement' |url=https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/industry/economy/uk-signs-post-brexit-agreement-with-egypt-as-its-prepare-for-business-life-outside-the-eu|website=[[Forbes|Forbes Middle East]]|access-date=5 December 2020 |date=5 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206130754/https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/industry/economy/uk-signs-post-brexit-agreement-with-egypt-as-its-prepare-for-business-life-outside-the-eu|archive-date=6 December 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> a Development Partnership,<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author-link=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office |author=((Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office)) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|title=Country and regional development partnership summaries|website=GOV.UK|date=17 July 2023 |access-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526234739/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|archive-date=26 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Double Taxation Convention.<ref>{{#invoke:cite|web|author=[[HM Revenue and Customs]]|date=19 October 2007|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/egypt-tax-treaties|title=Egypt: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=12 October 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250731205404/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/egypt-tax-treaties|archive-date=31 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}
|}


Line 1,460: Line 1,326:
|See [[Australia–Egypt relations]]
|See [[Australia–Egypt relations]]
* Australia has an embassy in Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egypt.embassy.gov.au/ |title=Australian embassy Cairo |publisher=Egypt.embassy.gov.au |date=2011-01-26 |access-date=2011-02-01}}</ref>
* Australia has an embassy in Cairo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.egypt.embassy.gov.au/ |title=Australian embassy Cairo |publisher=Egypt.embassy.gov.au |date=2011-01-26 |access-date=2011-02-01}}</ref>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Canberra]] and 2 Consulates-General (in [[Melbourne]] and [[Sydney]]).<ref>[https://diplomaticmonitor.org/c2c/EG-AU Egyptian embassy in Canberra]</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/Australia/Sydney/Consulate/en-GB/default.htm Egyptian Consulate-General in Sydney] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616113046/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/Australia/Sydney/Consulate/en-GB/default.htm |date=June 16, 2009 }}</ref>
* Egypt has an embassy in [[Canberra]] and 2 Consulates-General (in [[Melbourne]] and [[Sydney]]).<ref>[https://diplomaticmonitor.org/c2c/EG-AU Egyptian embassy in Canberra]</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/Australia/Sydney/Consulate/en-GB/default.htm Egyptian Consulate-General in Sydney] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616113046/http://www.mfa.gov.eg/Missions/Australia/Sydney/Consulate/en-GB/default.htm |date=16 June 2009 }}</ref>
* [http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/egypt/index.html Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Egypt]
* [http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/egypt/index.html Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade about relations with Egypt]
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
Line 1,468: Line 1,334:
* New Zealand has an embassy in Cairo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/africa/egypt/new-zealand-embassy-cairo-egypt/ |title=Embassy of New Zealand in Egypt |access-date=2017-06-29 |archive-date=2017-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409180630/https://mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/africa/egypt/new-zealand-embassy-cairo-egypt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* New Zealand has an embassy in Cairo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/africa/egypt/new-zealand-embassy-cairo-egypt/ |title=Embassy of New Zealand in Egypt |access-date=2017-06-29 |archive-date=2017-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409180630/https://mfat.govt.nz/en/countries-and-regions/africa/egypt/new-zealand-embassy-cairo-egypt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}
|}
==International involvement==
Egypt played a key role during the 1990-91 [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf crisis]]. President Mubarak helped assemble the international coalition and deployed 35,000 Egyptian troops against Iraq to liberate [[Kuwait]]. The Egyptian contingent was one of the largest in the coalition forces, along with the U.S., [[United Kingdom|U.K.]] and Saudi Arabia.
In the aftermath of the Gulf War, Egypt signed the [[Damascus Declaration]] with [[Syria]] and the Persian Gulf states to strengthen Persian Gulf security. Egypt continues to contribute regularly to [[United Nations]] [[peacekeeping]] missions, most recently in [[East Timor]], [[Sierra Leone]], and [[Liberia]].
Following the September 11, 2001 [[September 11 attacks|terrorist attacks]] on the United States, Egypt, which has itself been the target of terrorist attacks, has been a key supporter of the U.S. war against terrorists and terrorist organizations such as [[Osama bin Laden]] and [[al-Qaeda]], and has supported the Iraqi Governing Council.
On December 25, 2006, the Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Abul Gheit called for end to "nuclear double standards" where sanctions are imposed on [[Iran]] for enriching uranium, but the [[Israel and weapons of mass destruction#Nuclear weapons|Israeli nuclear program]] is not subject to any control by the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]].<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20061225/wl_africa_afp/egyptirannuclear_061225175118] {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
Egypt is member of [[ABEDA]], [[Arab Cooperation Council|ACC]], [[Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique|ACCT]] (associate), [[African Development Bank|AfDB]], [[Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development|AFESD]], [[Arab League|AL]], [[Arab Monetary Fund|AMF]], [[African Union|AU]], [[Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation|BSEC]] (observer), [[Council of Arab Economic Unity|CAEU]], [[Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty|CTBT]], [[European Bank for Reconstruction and Development|EBRD]], [[United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|ECA]], [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia|ESCWA]], [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]], [[Group of 15|G-15]], G-19, [[Group of 24|G-24]], [[Group of 77|G-77]], [[International Atomic Energy Agency|IAEA]], [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development|IBRD]], [[International Civil Aviation Organization|ICAO]], [[International Chamber of Commerce|ICC]], [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|ICRM]], [[International Development Association|IDA]], [[Islamic Development Bank|IDB]], [[International Fund for Agricultural Development|IFAD]], [[International Finance Corporation|IFC]], [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement|IFRCS]], [[International Hydrographic Organization|IHO]], [[International Labour Organization|ILO]], [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]], [[International Maritime Organization|IMO]], [[Inmarsat]], [[Intelsat]], [[Interpol (organization)|Interpol]], [[IOC]], [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]], [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]], [[International Telecommunication Union|ITU]], [[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara|MINURSO]], [[United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|MONUC]], [[Non-Aligned Movement|NAM]], [[Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries|OAPEC]], [[Organization of American States|OAS]](observer), [[Organisation of African Unity|OAU]], [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]], [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]] (partner), [[Permanent Court of Arbitration|PCA]], [[United Nations|UN]], [[United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone|UNAMSIL]], [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development|UNCTAD]], [[UNESCO]], [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization|UNIDO]], [[United Nations Institute for Training and Research|UNITAR]], [[United Nations Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina|UNMIBH]], [[United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo|UNMIK]], [[United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka|UNMOP]], [[UNOMIG]], [[United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East|UNRWA]], [[United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor|UNTAET]], [[Universal Postal Union|UPU]], [[World Customs Organization|WCO]], [[World Federation of Trade Unions|EFTU]], [[World Health Organization|WHO]], [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]], [[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]], [[World Tourism Organization|WToO]], and [[World Trade Organization|WTrO]]. Egypt is one of only seven U.N. members which is not a member of the [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]].


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 11:52, 29 May 2026

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Template:Politics of Egypt

The Foreign relations of Egypt are the Egyptian government's external relations with the outside world. Egypt's foreign policy operates along a non-aligned level. Factors such as population size, historical events, military strength, diplomatic expertise and a strategic geographical position give Egypt extensive political influence in the Africa, the Mediterranean, Southwest Asia, and within the Non-Aligned Movement as a whole. Cairo has been a crossroads of the Mediterranean's, Africa's and Asia's commerce and culture for millennia, and its intellectual and religious institutions are at the center of the region's social and cultural landmarks.

Diplomatic relations

Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Egypt has been seeking to play a role in the resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

Egypt played an important role in the negotiations leading to the Madrid Conference of 1991, which, under United States and Soviet sponsorship, brought together all parties in the region, including for the first time a Palestinian delegation, to discuss Middle East peace.

This support has continued to the present, with former President Hosni Mubarak often intervening personally to promote peace negotiations. In 1996, he hosted the Sharm El-Sheikh "Summit of the Peacemakers" attended by President Bill Clinton and other world leaders.

In 2000, he hosted two summits at Sharm El-Sheikh and one at Taba in an effort to resume the Camp David negotiations suspended in July 2000, and in June 2003, Mubarak hosted President George W. Bush for another summit on Middle East peace process. Another summit was convened in Sharm El Sheik in early 2005, which was attended by Egypt, Israel, the Palestinian Authority and Jordan. The former Egyptian Chief of Intelligence, General Omar Suleiman, played a role in negotiations between the Israeli and Palestinian sides.

List

List of countries which Egypt maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Egypt.svg
# Country Date
1 File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania 1 April 1906[1]
2 File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia 1 February 1908[2]
3 File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 19 December 1914[3]
4 File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland 8 April 1922[4]
5 File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece 15 April 1922[5]
6 File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 26 April 1922[6]
7 File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy 30 April 1922[7]
8 File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain 9 May 1922[8]
9 File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium 10 May 1922[9]
10 File:Flag of France.svg France 31 May 1922[10][11]
11 File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 1 June 1922[12]
12 File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic 25 November 1922[13]
13 File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 16 November 1922[14]
14 File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden 25 November 1922[15]
— File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran (suspended) 1923[16]
15 File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 27 February 1924[17][18]
16 File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 8 May 1925[19]
17 File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal 25 June 1925[20]
18 File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 5 November 1925[21]
19 File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia 1927[22]
20 File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland 1927[23]
21 File:Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg Afghanistan 10 March 1928[24]
22 File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile 5 July 1929[25]
23 File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria 30 April 1931[26]
24 File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay 25 February 1932[27]
25 File:Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland 11 March 1935[28]
26 File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg 14 November 1935[29]
27 File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway 25 April 1936[30]
28 File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia 7 May 1936[31]
29 File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 26 August 1943[32]
30 File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon 30 November 1944[33]
31 File:Flag of Syria.svg Syria 1944[34]
32 File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines 3 March 1946[35]
33 File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen 11 April 1946[36]
34 File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan 28 May 1947[37]
35 File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 9 June 1947[38]
36 File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia 10 June 1947[39]
37 File:Flag of India.svg India 18 August 1947[40]
— File:Flag of the Vatican City.svg  Holy See 23 August 1947[41]
38 File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan 20 October 1947[42]
39 File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 5 September 1949[43]
40 File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 23 July 1950[44]
41 File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela 16 November 1950[45]
42 File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany 16 October 1952[46]
43 File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia 30 March 1953[47]
44 File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar 8 August 1953[48]
45 File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya 3 September 1953[49]
46 File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 28 July 1954[50]
47 File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan 23 August 1954[51]
48 File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand 27 September 1954[52]
49 File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary 13 October 1954[53]
50 File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan 4 January 1956[54][55]
51 File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania 19 April 1956[56]
52 File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco 2 May 1956[57]
53 File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia 2 May 1956[57]
54 File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 30 May 1956[58]
55 File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 23 January 1957[59]
56 File:Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal 16 July 1957[60]
57 File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka 24 October 1957[61]
58 File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana 7 November 1957[62]
59 File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia 1957[63]
60 File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama 21 February 1958[64]
61 File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 31 March 1958[65]
62 File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq 2 August 1958[66]
63 File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia 10 November 1959[67]
64 File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea 1959[68]
65 File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay 1959[69]
66 File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal 4 April 1960[70]
67 File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo 30 June 1960[71]
68 File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia 8 July 1960[72]
69 File:Flag of Togo.svg Togo 20 September 1960[73]
70 File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria 1 October 1960[74]
71 File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus 25 October 1960[75]
72 File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador 8 November 1960[76]
73 File:Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg Bolivia 17 November 1960[77]
74 File:Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti 30 November 1960[78]
75 File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic 30 December 1960[79]
76 File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon 7 January 1961[80]
77 File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali 10 January 1961[81]
78 File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone 27 April 1961[82]
79 File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso 23 September 1961[83][84]
80 File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait 2 December 1961[85]
81 File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria 8 November 1962[86]
82 File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania 14 November 1962[87]
83 File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia 2 April 1963[88]
84 File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger 7 July 1963[89]
85 File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea 24 August 1963[90]
86 File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam 1 September 1963[91]
87 File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru 7 October 1963[92]
88 File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya 7 March 1964[93]
89 File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago 22 March 1964[94]
90 File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda 27 May 1964[95]
91 File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica 10 June 1964[96]
92 File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo 28 July 1964[97]
93 File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania 21 October 1964[98]
94 File:Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi 25 November 1964[99]
95 File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi 8 December 1964[100]
96 File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin 15 December 1964[101]
97 File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast 15 December 1964[101]
98 File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia 15 December 1964[101]
99 File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica 1964[102]
100 File:Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador 1964[103]
101 File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia 31 May 1965[104]
102 File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta 2 November 1965[105]
103 File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore 28 November 1966[106]
104 File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland 20 May 1968[107]
105 File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea 12 October 1968[108]
106 File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives 12 February 1969[109]
107 File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic 2 July 1969[110]
108 File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 13 February 1970[111]
109 File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar 23 February 1970[112]
110 File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius 26 March 1970[113]
111 File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala 7 September 1970[114]
112 File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad September 1970[115]
113 File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda 10 February 1971[116]
114 File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana 10 September 1971[117]
115 File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar 1 November 1971[118]
116 File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman 20 March 1972[119]
117 File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji 5 May 1972[120]
118 File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain 5 June 1972[121]
119 File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates 26 October 1972[122]
120 File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana 7 March 1973[123]
121 File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon 9 April 1973[124]
122 File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho 31 May 1973[125]
123 File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh 15 September 1973[126]
124 File:Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini 20 November 1973[127]
125 File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau 11 June 1974[128]
126 File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland 12 December 1974[129]
127 File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique 25 June 1975[130]
128 File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola 18 February 1976[131]
129 File:Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe March 1976[132]
130 File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros 28 June 1976[133]
131 File:Flag of the Seychelles.svg Seychelles 14 July 1976[134]
132 File:Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada 14 September 1976[135]
133 File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde 19 October 1976[136]
134 File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos November 1976[137]
135 File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname 23 February 1977[138]
136 File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti 22 July 1977[139]
137 File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa 8 September 1978[140]
138 File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua 11 September 1978[141]
139 File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 26 February 1980[142][143]
140 File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe 23 April 1980[144]
— File:Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1980[145]
141 File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei 2 May 1984[146]
142 File:Flag of Honduras (darker variant).svg Honduras 5 August 1986[147]
143 File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino 27 April 1989[148]
— File:Flag of Palestine.svg State of Palestine October 1989[149]
144 File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia 20 May 1990[150]
145 File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia 2 January 1992[151]
146 File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan 9 January 1992[152]
147 File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania 22 January 1992[153]
148 File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia 23 January 1992[154]
149 File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan 23 January 1992[155]
150 File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 25 January 1992[156]
151 File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus 1 February 1992[157]
152 File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova 13 February 1992[158]
153 File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan 6 March 1992[159]
154 File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 9 March 1992[160]
155 File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 27 March 1992[161]
156 File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia 30 April 1992[162]
157 File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands 2 May 1992[163]
158 File:Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 11 May 1992[164]
159 File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 1 October 1992[165]
160 File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia 1 January 1993[166]
161 File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan 3 February 1993[167]
162 File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan 1 April 1993[168]
163 File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina 17 April 1993[169]
164 File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea 9 August 1993[170]
165 File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa 29 April 1994[171]
166 File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize 6 May 1994[172]
167 File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia 14 November 1994[173]
168 File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 13 April 1995[174]
169 File:Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra 25 February 1997[172]
170 File:Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste 20 May 2002[175]
171 File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg Bahamas 11 February 2005[176]
172 File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein 17 October 2005[177]
173 File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro 27 September 2006[178]
174 File:Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados 3 November 2006[179]
175 File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco 31 May 2007[180]
176 File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda 7 July 2010[172]
177 File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica 7 July 2010[172]
178 File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia 19 July 2010[172]
179 File:Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati 25 September 2010[181]
180 File:Flag of Federated States of Micronesia.svg Federated States of Micronesia 25 September 2010[182]
181 File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru 25 September 2010[183]
182 File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau 25 September 2010[184]
183 File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16 November 2010[185]
184 File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands 23 December 2010[186]
185 File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu 23 December 2010[187]
186 File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan 9 July 2011[188]
187 File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu 22 September 2011[189]
188 File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan 14 November 2012[172]
189 File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea 19 May 2016[190]
190 File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis 21 September 2021[191]
191 File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga Unknown[192]

Bilateral relations

Africa

In the 21st-century Egypt has encountered a major problem with immigration, as millions of Africans attempt to enter Egypt fleeing poverty and war. Border control methods can be "harsh, sometimes lethal." This has strained relations with Egypt's southern neighbors, and with Israel and the members of the EU as these immigrants attempt to move on to wealthier countries.[193]

The dispute between Egypt and Ethiopia over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam has become a national preoccupation in both countries.[194][195] Egypt sees the dam as an existential threat, fearing that the dam will reduce the amount of water it receives from the Nile.[196] Egypt's former Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry said: "Survival is not a question of choice, but an imperative of nature."[197]

Country Formal relations established Notes
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria See Algeria–Egypt relations
  • Algeria has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Algiers.
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola 18 February 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 February 1976[131]
  • Angola has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Luanda.
File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia See Egypt–Ethiopia relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Addis Ababa.
  • In 2021, Ethiopia closed its embassy in Cairo due to financial reasons.[198] In November 2022, Ethiopia reopened its embassy in Cairo.[199]
File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau 11 June 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1974[128]
  • Egypt is accredited to Guinea-Bissau from its embassy in Conakry, Guinea.[200]
  • Guinea-Bissau is accredited to Egypt from its embassy in Algiers, Algeria.
  • Both countries are full member of the African Union.
File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya See Egypt–Kenya relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Nairobi.
  • Kenya has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya 3 September 1953 See Egypt–Libya relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 1953 when first Libyan Minister to Egypt Ibrahim El-Senoussi present his credentials to General Naguib.[201]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Tripoli and a consulate-general in Benghazi.
  • Libya has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in Alexandria.
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco See Egypt–Morocco relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Rabat.
  • Morocco has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia See Egypt–Somalia relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Mogadishu.
  • Somalia has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa 1942 See Egypt–South Africa relations
File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan 4 January 1956 See Egypt–Sudan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 January 1956 when first ambassador of Egypt to Sudan general Mahmoud Seif El-Yazal Khalifa presented his letters of credentials.[54][55]

File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan 9 July 2011 See Egypt–South Sudan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 July 2011[203]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Juba.
  • South Sudan has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania 14 November 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1962 when Mr. Mustafa F. El-Essawi has been accredited as Ambassador of United Arab Republic (Egypt) to Tanganyika with residence in Dar es Salaam.[87]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Dar-es-Salaam.
  • Tanzania has an embassy in Cairo.

Americas

Country Formal relations established Notes
File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina 9 June 1947 See Argentina–Egypt relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1947[38]

File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil 27 February 1924 See Brazil–Egypt relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 February 1924.[206]

File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada 28 July 1954 See Canada–Egypt relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 July 1954[208]

Both countries established embassies in their respective capitals in 1954.

File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile 1929 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1929[211]
  • Chile has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Santiago.
File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia 23 January 1957 See Colombia–Egypt relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1957[59]

  • Colombia has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Bogotá.
File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba 5 September 1949 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 September 1949[43]
  • Cuba has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Havana.
File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico 31 March 1958 See Egypt–Mexico relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 March 1958[212]

File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru 7 October 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 October 1963.[214]
Main article: Egypt–Peru relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of the United States.svg United States 26 April 1922 See Egypt–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1922[215]

Post-Mubarak relations with U.S.

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On 21 January 2012, the U.S. Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood's son, Sam, was detained by the Egyptian government and not allowed to leave the country as part of a politically charged criminal investigation by the Egyptian government into the activities of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) monitoring local elections in Egypt. LaHood's son is the Egypt director of the International Republican Institute. The Egyptian government has detained twelve NGO representatives from leaving Egypt.[216]

On 5 February 2012, Egyptian authorities charged LaHood's son and 42 other individuals with "spending money from organizations that were operating in Egypt without a license." Nineteen Americans are part of the 42 charged. The U.S. government has made it clear that $1.5 billion in U.S. aid to Egypt could be withheld if the investigation is not finished quickly. Faiza Abu Naga, Egypt's Minister of International Cooperation, is seen as the person pushing the investigation forward, straining U.S. and Egypt relations.[217]

On 7 October 2020, in line with Egypt's Vision 2030, US Agency for International Development (USAID) and Egypt's Ministry of International Cooperation signed an agreement to add $22.8 million to the five-year Inclusive Economic Governance bilateral assistance agreement. The funding was intended to improve the investment environment and empower women to join the labor force.[218]

Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia 9 March 1992 See Armenia–Egypt relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1992[221]

  • Egypt was one of the first countries in the Arab world which recognized the independent Armenia in 1991.
  • In May 1992, the first diplomatic mission of Armenia in the Arab East was inaugurated in Cairo.[222]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Yerevan.
  • Egypt had a sizable Armenian community since the 19th century. Many ethnic Armenian Egyptians remain in Egypt to this day.
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan 27 March 1992
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 March 1992.[161]
  • On 26 December 1991, the Arab Republic of Egypt recognized the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan.[223]
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Baku.
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh 15 September 1973 See Bangladesh-Egypt relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 September 1973.[126]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Bangladesh has an embassy in Cairo, Egypt.

Egypt was one of the first Arab states to recognize Bangladesh's independence.[224] President Anwar Al Sadat enjoyed a close rapport with Bangladesh's founder Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. In 1973, Egypt gifted 30 tanks to the Bangladesh Army.

Both nations are members of the OIC and the Developing 8 Countries, and identified among the Next Eleven economies. Present-day relations are characterized by a growing trade and economic relationship.

File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 30 May 1956 See China–Egypt relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1956[58]

  • China has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in Alexandria.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Beijing and consulates-general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.
File:Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia 11 May 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 May 1992[225]
File:Flag of India.svg India 18 August 1947 See Egypt–India relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 August 1947[227]

Modern Egypt-India relations go back to the contacts between Saad Zaghloul and Mohandas Gandhi on the common goals of their respective movements of independence. In 1955, Egypt under Gamal Abdul Nasser and India under Jawaharlal Nehru became the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement. During the 1956 War, Nehru stood supporting Egypt to the point of threatening to withdraw his country from the Commonwealth of Nations. In 1967, following the Six-Day War, India supported Egypt and the Arabs. In 1977, New Delhi described the visit of President Anwar al-Sadat to Jerusalem as a "brave" move and considered the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel a primary step on the path of a just settlement of the Middle East problem. Major Egyptian exports to India include raw cotton, raw and manufactured fertilizers, oil and oil products, organic and non-organic chemicals, leather and iron products. Major imports into Egypt from India are cotton yarn, sesame, coffee, herbs, tobacco and lentils. The Egyptian Ministry of Petroleum is also currently negotiating the establishment of a natural gas-operated fertilizer plant with another Indian company. In 2004 the Gas Authority of India Limited, bought 15% of Egypt Nat Gas distribution and marketing company.

In 2008 Egyptian investment in India was worth some 750 million dollars, according to the Egyptian ambassador.[228]

President Mubarak of Egypt visited India in 2008. During the visit he met Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.[229]

In 2023 India has invited Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi as the chief guest of the 74th Republic Day parade.[230] Also Representing the main branches of the Egyptian armed forces, 144 soldiers participated in the parade.[231]

File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia 10 June 1947 See Egypt–Indonesia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 June 1947.[232]

File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran 1939

(Diplomatic relations severed 1980)

See Egypt–Iran relations

In 1939, diplomatic relations between Egypt and Iran were upgraded to ambassadorial level, and Youssef Zulficar Pasha was appointed as Egypt's first ambassador in Tehran. In the same year, Princess Fawzia of Egypt, the sister of King Farouk I, married Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the then crown prince (later shah) of Iran. However, since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Egypt's relations with Iran have been mostly strained. Egypt is the only Arab country not to have an embassy in Iran.[233] Contentious issues include Egypt's signing of the Camp David Accords with Israel in 1979, its support for Iraq in Iran's eight-year conflict, the Islamic Republic's hailing of Khalid Islambouli, the late President Anwar Sadat's assassin as a religious hero, seeing as there was both a street and mural named after him (however, the honorer was changed to Muhammad al-Durrah, the 12-year-old Palestinian boy shot and killed during the outset of the Second Intifada), and close Egyptian relations with the United States, and most of the Western European countries. In 2007, relations between the two have thawed in the fields of diplomacy and economic trade, only to collapse during the Gaza War (2008–09) when the Iranian and Egyptian politicians exchanged blames over inaction towards the escalation. Despite wavering tensions between Tehran and Cairo, the two countries are members of the OIC and the Developing 8

In 2010, leaked diplomatic cables revealed that Mubarak expressed animosity toward Iran in private meetings, saying the Iranian leaders are "big, fat liars", and that Iran's backing of terrorism is "well-known".[234] According to one American report, Mubarak views Iran as the primary long-term challenge facing Egypt, and an Egyptian official said that Iran is running agents inside Egypt in an effort to subvert the Egyptian regime. he also stated that if Iran will reach a nuclear weapons, Egypt will also consider reaching such weapons.[235]

File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq See Egypt-Iraq relations

Since 1983, Iraq has repeatedly called for restoration of Egypt's "natural role" among Arab countries. In January 1984, Iraq successfully led Arab efforts within the OIC to restore Egypt's membership. However, Iraqi-Egyptian relations were broken in 1990 after Egypt joined the UN coalition that forced Iraq out of Kuwait. Relations have steadily improved in recent years, and Egypt is now one of Iraq's main trade partners (formerly under the Oil-for-Food Programme).

File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel 26 January 1980 See Egypt–Israel relations

The state of war between both countries which dated back from the 1948 Arab–Israeli War ended in 1973 with the Egypt–Israel peace treaty a year after the Camp David Accords. Since then, relations have improved.

Being a pioneer of peace making in the region and driven from its belief that a peaceful Middle East is the best solution for the development of Egypt, the third Egyptian president Anwar Sadat's groundbreaking trip to Jerusalem in 1977, the 1978 Camp David Accords, and the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty represented a fundamental shift in the politics of the region; from a strategy of confrontation to one of peace as a strategic choice. Egypt was subsequently ostracized by other Arab states and ejected from the Arab League from 1979 to 1989.

However, due to circumstances of today's Israeli–Palestinian conflict, full normalization of relations between these two countries is still halted and sometimes fought against in both countries. The Egyptian ambassador to Tel Aviv is often withdrawn, and the peace has been called a cool peace due to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

  • Egypt has an embassy in Tel Aviv and a consulate-general in Eilat.
  • Israel has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in Alexandria.
File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan 1922 See Egypt-Japan relations

Egypt-Japan relations are described by the Egyptian ambassador to Japan as a "very strong friendship",[236] with embassies mutually established.[237] At present, the two nations maintain a cordial relationship with strong economic and trade relations.[238]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Japan has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan 28 May 1947 See Egypt-Jordan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1947 when Mohamed Bey Yassin, Egyptian Minister in Transjordan with residence in Baghdad presented his credentials.[239]

On 6 April 1972, the Egyptian government severed relations in protest for a Jordanian plan for federation with the West Bank, which didn't take PLO interests unto consideration. These relations were restored on 11 September 1973.[240] They were severed again in 1979, this time by the Jordanian government, in protest of the Egypt–Israel peace treaty. Following the outbreak of the Lebanon War of 1982, the US government put pressure on both governments to reach accommodation for the purpose of formulating a joint peace strategy vis-a-vis the Israeli government,[241] and relations were restored on 25 September 1984.

  • Egypt has an embassy in Amman.
  • Jordan has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan 6 March 1992 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1992.[242]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Cairo, Egypt.

In 2006, President Mubarak of Egypt visited Kazakhstan on the third leg of a three-country tour. During the visit he met with Kazakh President Nazarbayev. Mubarak stated that 30 trade and economic cooperation agreements had been concluded between the two countries.[243]

File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia 1957[244] See Egypt–Malaysia relations
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia 2 April 1963 See Egypt–Mongolia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 April 1963[245]

Cairo currently hosts Mongolia's only embassy on the African continent.[246][247]

File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan 20 October 1947 See Egypt–Pakistan relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 October 1947 when the Egyptian Government has agreed to the establishment of a Pakistan Embassy in Cairo and to the appointment Mr. J. A. Rahim as Chargé d'Affaires.[248]

Pakistan and Egypt have diplomatic and trade relations. Both countries are members of the OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation), "the Next Eleven" and the "D8". Relations between the two countries were established after Pakistan was established. Pakistan President General Muhammad Ayub Khan, visited Egypt in 1959 and Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser visited Pakistan in 1960.[citation needed]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Islamabad.
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine See Egypt–Palestine relations
  • Egypt has representative offices in Ramallah and in Gaza City.
  • Palestine has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines 1955-01-18 See Egypt–Philippines relations
  • Egypt has an embassy in Manila.
  • Philippines has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar 1 November 1971 See Egypt-Qatar relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 November 1971[118]

Lately, relations have not been at its best. Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir of the State of Qatar, has described the 2013 political transition in Egypt as a "military coup".[249] It is worth mentioning that the main problem between the two governments is the Qatari support to the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt.[249]

The Egyptian government, along with those of Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates, broke off diplomatic relations with Qatar on 5 June 2017. The Egyptian Foreign Ministry announced it was closing its air and sea ports to Qatari transportation. The Egyptian, Saudi, Bahraini, and Emirati governments cited Qatar's continuing support for "terrorism", such as the Muslim Brotherhood.[250] Islam Hassan argues "Egypt has had troubled relations with Qatar for many years, except of Mohamed Morsi's period in power. The Egyptian government has seen Qatar as a source of instability. TheEgyptian regime also sees that Qatar challenges its rule by financing the Muslim Brotherhood, and other organizations, which the regime has outlawed and consider terrorist organizations. Thus, the Egyptian regime has been trying to push back on Qatar by any means. The current issue between the Saudi bloc and Qatar seemed to be an opportunity to put pressure on Qatar to stop financing the Muslim Brotherhood, its affiliates, and supporters, and to support the Sisi regime."[251][252]

File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia 7 May 1936 See Egypt–Saudi Arabia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1936 when was signed a Treaty by Egypt and Saudi Arabia in Cairo which included Egypt's recognition of Saudi Arabia as an independent and sovereign state.[253]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Cairo and a consulate-general in Alexandria.
File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 13 April 1995 See Egypt–South Korea relations
File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey 8 May 1925 See also Egypt–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 May 1925.[19]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Cairo[258] and a Consulate General in Alexandria.[259]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$5.25 billion in 2018 (Egyptian exports/imports: 2.19/3.06 billion USD).[260]
  • 100,971 Egyptian tourists visited Turkey in 2017.[260]
  • Yunus Emre Institute has a local headquarters in Cairo since 2010.[261]
  • Egypt was part of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 until leaving in 1805.
  • There is a free trade agreement in force between the two countries.
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates 10 January 1972 See Egypt-United Arab Emirates relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1972.[262]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Cairo.

Europe

See also: Egypt–European Union relations

Some time after the starting of the Arab Spring, in March 2011 the European Union adopted the joint declaration ' A partnership for democracy and shared prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean', aimed at making a number of initiatives in the field of civic society support, financial assistance and further access to the EU market dependent upon advancement in the democratization process.[263]

As far as Egypt was concerned this declaration envisioned the further deepening of the previous Free Trade Agreement stipulated in 2004, geared towards the inclusion of areas such as trade in services, government procurement, competition, intellectual property rights, and investment protection. To the 2011 declaration, a preliminary phase of the negotiations followed in June 2013, when the EU and Egypt began an exploratory dialogue on how to deepen trade and investment relations, in particular through the possible negotiation of a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA).[264]

In August 2014, the European Union discussed the possibility of revising provision of aid to Egypt.[265] However, divisions over the appropriate stance to adopt among European diplomats persisted, coupled by the fear that the vacuum might be soon filled by other actors, following a Saudi Foreign Minister's declaration that the Kingdom was ready to step in[266] and those of Prime Minister Hazem al Beblawi about the possibility to appeal to Russia for foreign aid.[267] Therefore, the only measure upon which the Foreign Ministers agreed was to suspend the sale of arms and materials that could be used for repression,[266] but fell short to halt aid program which could damage civil society.

Earlier in July 2013, EU High Representative Catherine Ashton had visited Egypt in an attempt to promote reconciliation among the parties involved. She is credited for being the only foreign diplomat to get access to deposed president Mohamed Morsi.[268] In an official statement released at the end of a following visit held in April 2014, the Representative raised the issue of the death penalties and incarceration of journalists and activists.[269] At the same time, her later declarations about el-Sisi's bid for presidential candidacy as "difficult" but "brave"[270] sparked harsh criticism among supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood, who claimed the Representative, who advanced logistical reasons, did not make any efforts to get in touch with them and members of their Anti-Coup Alliance.[271]

In April 2014, the European Union agreed to conduct electoral monitoring, for the first time, in occasion of the Presidential elections scheduled for 26/27 May 2014. Other organizations declined to join, as in their opinion this would legitimize what they called an unlawful take on power.[272]

A contract for the sale of 30 Rafale fighter jets was signed between the defense ministries of Egypt and France in May 2021. The official value of the contract was not disclosed at first and was later exposed to be worth 3.75 billion euro or $4.5 billion, by an investigative website called Disclose. In December 2020, French President Emmanuel Macron received criticism for not controlling the sale of weapons to Egypt on its poor human rights record, stating counter-terrorism concerns. The Egyptian defense ministry cited that the deal would be supported via a 10-year loan without disclosing its value or any further details. Rights organizations have denounced the deal and accused the French president of overlooking the increasing violation of freedom in Egypt under the regime of President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi. France's armed forces, finance, and foreign ministries were unavailable for comment. However, French officials claim that Paris, under one of its policies, is avoiding criticism of countries on their human rights records to work with them effectively in private.[273]

On 3 February 2022, around 175 Members of European Parliament wrote a joint letter to foreign ministers and ambassadors to the UN Human Rights Council and requested them to secure the establishment of a UN human rights monitoring and reporting mechanism on Egypt. The MEPs were concerned that despite devastating human rights crisis in Egypt, the international communities persistently failed to take any meaningful action to address the situation. The Egyptian authorities, under President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi, have "brutally and systematically" repressed all forms of dissent and severely curtailed civic space.[274]

Country Formal relations established Notes
File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania 19 April 1956 See Albania–Egypt relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1956[275]

File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria 5 November 1925 See Bulgaria–Egypt relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 November 1925[278]

File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia 1 October 1992 See Croatia–Egypt relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1992[280]

  • Croatia has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Zagreb.
File:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus See Cyprus–Egypt relations

Diplomatic relations between both countries were established soon after Cyprus gained its independence in 1960.

  • Cyprus has an embassy in Cairo.
  • Egypt has an embassy in Nicosia.

During an April 2009 meeting at ministerial level, the countries explored ways to develop closer ties, with plans for increased collaboration both on tourism and energy related activities. There has been talk of Cyprus increasing her imports of natural gas, Egypt using Cyprus as a bridge for exports to Europe and on prospects for the training of Cypriot engineers by their Egyptian counterparts on techniques for the extraction of oil and natural gas.[281]

File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark 1 June 1922 See Denmark–Egypt relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 June 1922 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Denmark to Egypt Mr. G. H. Ryan de Treschow.[12]

File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland 15 February 1947
File:Flag of France.svg France 31 May 1922 See Egypt–France relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 May 1922 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of France to Egypt Henri Gaillard and open Legation (Embassy) of France in Egypt.[10][11]

File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany 1957-12[285] See Egypt–Germany relations
File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece August 1833[286] See Egypt-Greece relations

Both countries share relations since the years BC Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece Since the creation of Alexandria by Alexander the Great, Egypt has had a sizable Greek community, mostly centered around Alexandria, which is today Egypt's second largest city and also the seat of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria. In the modern era, both countries enjoy very good and warm diplomatic relations since 1833 and especially after the Greek War Independence, and both countries have signed several defense cooperation agreements, with the heads of states visiting each other in a regular basis.

File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland 12 December 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1974.[129]
File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy 30 April 1922 See Egypt–Italy relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1922 when has been appointed first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Italy to Egypt Mr Lazzaro Negrotto Cambiaso.[289] Relations were established during the period of the Roman Empire and Ancient Egypt. However, during World War II, relations were strained as the Italian and German Troops launched a campaign on Egypt but were defeated by Egyptian and British Forces in the battle of El Alamein. However, after the war, relations were re-established and are close.

See also Italian Egyptian

File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo See Egypt–Kosovo relations

Egypt recognised the Republic of Kosovo as an independent state on 26 June 2013.[290]

  • Kosovo has a liaison office in Cairo.
File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta 2 November 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 November 1965[291]
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands 16 November 1922 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 November 1922 when Mr. J. P. graaf van Limburg Stirum has been accredited as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Netherlands to Egypt.[294]
  • Egypt has an embassy in The Hague.
  • The Netherlands has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia 14 November 1994

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1994[295]

North Macedonia has an embassy in Cairo.[296]

File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland 1927 See Egypt–Poland relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1927.[297]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania 3 April 1926 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1926 when the diplomatic representations from Romania and Egypt were raised to the level of Legation.[298]
  • Egypt has an embassy in Bucharest.[299]
  • Romania has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia 26 August 1943 See Egypt–Russia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 August 1943[300]

File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia See Egypt-Serbia relations
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia 30 April 1992 See Egypt–Slovenia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 April 1992[302]

File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain 9 May 1922 See Egypt–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 May 1922 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Spain to Egypt Mr. Silvio F. Vallin.[8]

  • Egypt has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Cairo.
File:Flag of Switzerland.svg  Switzerland 11 March 1935

See Egypt-Switzerland relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 March 1935 when Mr. Henri Martin, first Minister of Switzerland to Egypt, presented his letters of credentials.[303]

File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine 25 January 1992 See Egypt–Ukraine relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1992[156]

File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom 1914 See Egypt–United Kingdom relations
File:The Prime Minister arrives in Egypt (53270852942).jpg
British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi at COP27 in Sharm El Sheikh, October 2023.

Egypt established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 19 December 1914.[3]

  • Egypt maintains an embassy in London.[307]
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Egypt through its embassy in Cairo.[308]

The UK governed Egypt from 1882 to 1956, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization. Bilaterally the two countries have an Association Agreement,[309] a Development Partnership,[310] and a Double Taxation Convention.[311]

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia 1950 See Australia–Egypt relations
File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand 1974 See Egypt–New Zealand relations

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministerul Afacerilor Externe. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  2. ↑ Radina Vučetić; Pol Bets; Radovan Cukić; Ana Sladojević (2017). Tito u Africi: slike solidarnosti (PDF). Museum of Yugoslavia. pp. 140–142. ISBN 978-86-84811-45-7.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Countries E". Retrieved 13 July 2023.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "History of Finland's representation in Egypt". Finland in Egypt. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  5. ↑ Bulletin de l'Institut intermédiaire international Volumes 8-9 (in French). Institut juridique international (Hague, Netherlands), Cornelius Lodewijk Torley Duwel. 1923. p. 139.
  6. ↑ "All Countries". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  7. ↑ "Rappresentanti Diplomatici in Egitto" (PDF). Personalita Istituzionali Italiane (in Italian). p. 286. Retrieved 23 October 2023.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Almanach de Gotha: Corps diplomatique au Caire et consulats (in French). Gotha, Germany : Justus Perthes. 1923. p. 836.
  9. ↑ Belgisch staatsblad (in French and Dutch). 1922. 1922. p. 3857.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Sources de l'histoire du Proche-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord dans les archives et bibliothèques françaises: Archives (3 v.) (in French). Commission française du Guide des sources de l'histoire des nations, Unesco. 1984. p. 1198.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Les Affaires étrangères et le corps diplomatique français Volume 2 (in French). Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique. 1984. p. 414.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Almanach de Gotha: Corps diplomatique au Caire et consulats (in French). Gotha, Germany : Justus Perthes. 1923. p. 836.
  13. ↑ Klimek, Antonín; Kubů, Eduard (1995). Československá zahraniční politika 1918-1938 : kapitoly z dějin mezinárodních vztahů (in Czech). Institut pro středoevropskou kulturu a politiku. p. 103.
  14. ↑ "Buitenlandse Politiek van Nederland 1848-1945" (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  15. ↑ "The Sphinx, Vol. 30, No. 486, 1922". The American University in Cairo. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  16. ↑ "EGYPT vii. Political and religious relations with Persia in the modern period". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
  17. ↑ "Todos los países". Ministério das Relações Exteriores (in Portuguese). Retrieved 16 September 2023.
  18. ↑ "Joint statement between FMs of Egypt, Brazil to mark Centenary of diplomatic relations". State Information Service Egypt. 27 February 2024. Archived from the original on 12 November 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Between East and West: Studies on Turkish Foreign Relations. Isis Press. 2001. p. 266.
  20. ↑ Bulletin de l'Institut intermédiaire international Volume 13 (in French). Institut intermédiaire international (Hague, Netherlands), International Intermediary Institute. 1925. p. 292.
  21. ↑ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian).
  22. ↑ "Egyptian-Ethiopian relations". State Information Service. Archived from the original on 12 November 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  23. ↑ "Poland in Egypt". Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  24. ↑ A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries Volume 13. India. Foreign and Political Department. 1929. p. IX.
  25. ↑ Memoria (in Spanish). Chile. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 1930. p. 442.
  26. ↑ Handbuch des Österreichischen Auswärtigen Dienstes (in German). 1. 2015. p. 447.
  27. ↑ "90° aniversario del establecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas entre Uruguay y Egipto". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  28. ↑ Béat de Fischer (1956). Contributions à la connaissance des relations suisses-égyptiennes d'environ 100 à 1949 (in French). Presses de la Maison Ramos, Afonso & Moita. p. 167.
  29. ↑ Mémorial A n° 69 de 1935 (in French). Strada lex Luxembourg. p. 1146.
  30. ↑ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). 27 April 1999. Retrieved 18 October 2021.
  31. ↑ Dr. Ashraf Saleh Mohamed Sayed (June 2014). "Friendship & Cooperation Treaty Between The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia And The Kingdom of Egypt May-November 1936" (PDF). LIWA Journal of the National Archives Volume 6, Number 11. p. 37. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
  32. ↑ "On August 26, 1943, the USSR established diplomatic relations with Egypt". MFA Russia. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  33. ↑ KHOURY Gérard (2004). Sélim Takla 1895-1945. Une contribution à l'indépendance du Liban (in French). Karthala Editions. p. 389.
  34. ↑ World Biography - Volume 1. Institute for Research in Biography. 1947. p. 180.
  35. ↑ "Treaty of Friendship between the Philippines and the United Arab Republic of Egypt" (PDF). 61.28.185.135. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  36. ↑ India Quarterly Volume 2. Indian Council of World Affairs. 1946. p. 313.
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