Foreign relations of Azerbaijan
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Template:Politics of Azerbaijan The Republic of Azerbaijan is a member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, the World Health Organization, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development; the Council of Europe, CFE Treaty, the Community of Democracies; the International Monetary Fund; and the World Bank.
List
[edit]List of countries which Azerbaijan maintains diplomatic relations with:
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Information on some of the countries with which Azerbaijan maintains formal relations
[edit]Multilateral
[edit]| Organization | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Template:Country data Council of Europe | See Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe
| |
| File:Flag of Europe.svg European Union | 1996[11] | See Azerbaijan–European Union relations
|
| Template:Country data NATO | 1992[12] | See Azerbaijan–NATO relations
|
| Template:Country data Organization of Turkic States | 2009[13] | See Azerbaijan–Turkic Council relations |
Africa
[edit]| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso | 31 May 2004[14] | See Azerbaijan–Burkina Faso relations |
| File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg DR Congo | 23 October 2011[15] | See Azerbaijan–DR Congo relations |
| File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti | 22 October 1996[16] | See Azerbaijan–Djibouti relations |
| File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt | 27 March 1992 |
|
| File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia | 2 November 1992[17] | See Azerbaijan–Ethiopia relations
|
 Gambia |
11 November 1994[18] | See Azerbaijan–Gambia relations |
| File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya | 31 May 2004[14] | See Azerbaijan–Kenya relations |
| File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya | 16 March 1992[19] | See Azerbaijan–Libya relations |
 Morocco |
25 December 1992[20] | See Azerbaijan–Morocco relations
|
 Senegal |
14 March 1996[21] | See Azerbaijan–Senegal relations |
| File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa | 29 April 1992[22] | See Azerbaijan–South Africa relations
|
 Tunisia |
1 July 1998[23] | See Azerbaijan–Tunisia relations |
Americas
[edit]| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Argentina |
8 November 1992[24] | See Argentina–Azerbaijan relations
|
 Brazil |
21 October 1993[27] | See Azerbaijan–Brazil relations |
 Canada |
10 July 1992[30] | See Azerbaijan–Canada relations |
 Colombia |
13 December 1994[33] | See Azerbaijan–Colombia relations |
 Cuba |
27 March 1992[35] | See Azerbaijan–Cuba relations
|
 Ecuador |
22 March 2004[36] | See Azerbaijan–Ecuador relations |
| File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico | 14 January 1992[37] | See Azerbaijan–Mexico relations
|
| File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua | 10 February 1994[40] | See Azerbaijan–Nicaragua relations
|
| File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay | 20 April 2004[42] | See Azerbaijan–Paraguay relations
|
| File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru | 25 June 1996[43] | See Azerbaijan–Peru relations |
 United States |
1919, 28 February 1992 |
See Azerbaijan–United States relations
On 25 December 1991 President George H. W. Bush announced that the United States recognized the independence of all 12 former Soviet republics, including Azerbaijan.[45]
|
| File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay | 12 January 1995[48] | See Azerbaijan–Uruguay relations
|
| File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela | 12 May 1995[49] | See Azerbaijan–Venezuela relations
|
Asia
[edit]| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Armenia |
1918–1921
Armenia and Azerbaijan do not have formal relations since that time |
See Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, First Nagorno-Karabakh War, Second Nagorno-Karabakh war
The neighboring nations of Armenia and Azerbaijan have had formal governmental relations between 1918 and 1921, when both countries were briefly independent. The two nations have fought three wars in the 1918–20 (Armenian–Azerbaijani War), the 1988–94 (Nagorno-Karabakh War), and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, with the last two ending in ceasefire agreements - the Bishkek Protocol and the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement respectively. There are no formal diplomatic relations between the two countries, because of the ongoing Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and dispute. In 2008, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev declared, "Nagorno Karabakh will never be independent; the position is backed by international mediators as well; Armenia has to accept the reality," and "in 1918, Yerevan was granted to the Armenians. It was a great mistake. The khanate of Iravan was the Azerbaijani territory, the Armenians were guests here."[50] During the Soviet period, many Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived side by side in peace. However, when Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, the majority of Armenians from the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (NKAO) of the Azerbaijan SSR began a movement to unify with the Armenian SSR. In 1988, the Armenians of Karabakh voted to secede and join Armenia. This, along with mutual massacres in Azerbaijan and Armenia resulted in the conflict that became known as the Nagorno-Karabakh War. The violence resulted in de facto Armenian control of former NKAO and seven surrounding Azerbaijani regions, which was effectively halted when both sides agrees to observe a cease-fire, which has since been in effect since May 1994, and in late 1995 both also agreed to mediation of the OSCE Minsk Group. The Minsk Group is currently co-chaired by the U.S., France, and Russia and comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and several Western European nations. Despite the cease fire, up to 40 clashes are reported along the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict lines of control each year.[citation needed] The two countries are still technically at war. Citizens of the Republic of Armenia, as well as citizens of any other country who are of Armenian descent, are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan. If a person's passport shows any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh, they are forbidden entry to the Republic of Azerbaijan.[51] In 2008, in what became known as the 2008 Mardakert Skirmishes, Armenia and Azerbaijan clashed over Nagorno-Karabakh. The fighting between the two sides was brief, with few casualties on either side.[52] As of July 2020, the new round of military escalation along the border between Armenia and Azerbaijan continued, thus making it one of the most explosive regions in Eurasia.[53] On 27 September 2020, a new military conflict emerged between Azerbaijan and Armenia.[54] The following day, on 28 September 2020, Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree declaring a partial military mobilisation following clashes with Armenian forces over the Nagorno-Karabakh region.[55] An armistice agreement between the two countries was signed on 10 November 2020, returning control of the territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh to Azerbaijan. On 8 August 2025, in a press conference at the White House, the leaders of Armenia and Azerbaijan agreed to a peace deal, ending the conflict after over three decades.[56] |
 Bangladesh |
30 December 1991[57] | See Azerbaijan–Bangladesh relations
|
 China |
2 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–China relations
|
 India |
28 February 1992 | See Azerbaijan-India relations |
 Indonesia |
24 September 1992 | See Azerbaijan-Indonesia relations
|
| File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran | 1918, 12 March 1992 |
See Azerbaijan–Iran relations
|
 Iraq |
2 January 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Iraq relations
|
| File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | 7 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Israel relations |
 Japan |
7 September 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Japan relations
|
| File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan | 13 February 1993[64][65] | See Azerbaijan–Jordan relations |
| File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan | 27 August 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Kazakhstan relations
|
| File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan | 19 January 1993 | See Azerbaijan-Kyrgyzstan relations
|
| File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos | 22 May 1995 | See Azerbaijan–Laos relations |
| Error creating thumbnail: Lebanon | 18 September 1992[66] | See Azerbaijan–Lebanon relations
|
 Malaysia |
31 December 1991 | See Azerbaijan–Malaysia relations
|
| File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar | 14 September 1994 | See Azerbaijan–Qatar relations
|
| File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan | 9 June 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Pakistan relations
|
| File:Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine | 15 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Palestine relations
|
| Error creating thumbnail: Philippines | 27 March 1992[72] | See Azerbaijan–Philippines relations |
 Saudi Arabia |
24 February 1992[73] | See Azerbaijan–Saudi Arabia relations
|
 South Korea |
23 March 1992 | See Azerbaijan–South Korea relations |
| File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria | 28 March 1992[77] | See Azerbaijan–Syria relations
Syria is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Tehran, Iran. |
 Thailand |
7 July 1992[78] | See Azerbaijan–Thailand relations
|
| File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey | 14 Jan. 1992[79] | See Azerbaijan–Turkey relations
|
| File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan | 9 June 1992[81] | See Azerbaijan–Turkmenistan relations
|
| File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan | 2 October 1995[83] | See Azerbaijan–Uzbekistan relations
|
 Vietnam |
23 September 1992[84] | See Azerbaijan–Vietnam relations |
| File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen | 25 February 1992[85] | See Azerbaijan–Yemen relations
|
Europe
[edit]| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Albania |
23 September 1992[86] | See Albania–Azerbaijan relations
|
| File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria | 20 February 1992 | See Austria–Azerbaijan relations
|
 Belarus |
11 June 1993 | See Azerbaijan–Belarus relations
|
 Belgium |
17 June 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Belgium relations
|
 Bosnia and Herzegovina |
19 February 1995[91] | See Azerbaijan–Bosnia and Herzegovina relations
|
 Bulgaria |
5 June 1992 | See Azerbaijan—Bulgaria relations
|
| File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia | 26 January 1995 | See Azerbaijan–Croatia relations
|
 Cyprus |
Azerbaijan formally recognizes the government of the Republic of Cyprus as the sole representative of the island, but has not yet established diplomatic relations with Cyprus. The parliament of Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic issued a resolution recognizing the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus as a sovereign state. While this recognition is not regarded by Azerbaijan and internationally as 'official state-to-state', Azerbaijan itself maintained cordial unofficial relations with the TRNC. In 2004, Azerbaijan threatened to formally recognize the TRNC if the Annan Plan was voted down by the Greek Cypriots (who rejected the plan in one of twin referendums held 24 April 2004 in both the Greek and Turkish zones simultaneously), but backed off the threat when it was pointed out by Cyprus that doing so would be hypocritical, as a portion of its territory just like that of Cyprus itself is under occupation and would probably result in negative impact on its ongoing dispute with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh.[96] | |
 Czech Republic |
29 January 1993 | See Azerbaijan–Czech Republic relations
|
| File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | 2 April 1992[98] | See Azerbaijan-Denmark relations
|
 Estonia |
20 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan-Estonia relations |
 Finland |
24 March 1992 | |
 France |
21 February 1992 | See Azerbaijan—France relations
|
 Georgia |
1918, 18 November 1992 |
See Azerbaijan–Georgia relations
|
 Germany |
20 February 1992[103] | See Azerbaijan–Germany relations
|
 Greece |
2 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Greece relations
|
 Holy See |
23 May 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Holy See relations
|
 Hungary |
27 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Hungary relations
|
| File:Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland | 27 February 1998[109] | See Azerbaijan–Iceland relations |
 Ireland |
1 July 1996 | See Azerbaijan–Ireland relations |
 Italy |
8 May 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Italy relations
|
| File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia | 11 January 1994 | See Azerbaijan—Latvia relations
|
 Lithuania |
27 November 1995 | See Azerbaijan—Lithuania relations
|
| File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova | 21 December 1991[114] | See Azerbaijan–Moldova relations
|
| File:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro | 24 April 2008 | See Azerbaijan–Montenegro relations
Azerbaijan recognized the independence of Montenegro on 24 July 2006. On 24 April 2008, diplomatic relations between these two countries were established. |
 Netherlands |
1 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Netherlands relations
|
| File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia | 28 June 1995[117] | See Azerbaijan—North Macedonia relations
|
 Poland |
21 February 1992 | See Azerbaijan-Poland relations
|
 Portugal
|
5 June 1992[118] | See Azerbaijan–Portugal relations
|
 Romania |
21 June 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Romania relations
|
| File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia | 4 April 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Russia relations
|
| File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia | 21 August 1997 | See Azerbaijan–Serbia relations |
| File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia | 23 November 1993[120] | See Azerbaijan–Slovakia relations
|
| File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia | 20 February 1996[121] | See Azerbaijan–Slovenia relations
|
 Spain |
11 February 1992[122] | See Azerbaijan–Spain relations
|
| Error creating thumbnail: Sweden | 8 May 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Sweden relations
|
 Switzerland |
21 January 1992 | See Azerbaijan–Switzerland relations
|
 Ukraine |
1919, 6 February 1992 |
See Azerbaijan–Ukraine relations
|
 United Kingdom |
1918, 11 March 1992 |
See Azerbaijan – United Kingdom relations
Azerbaijan established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 11 March 1992.
Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, European Court of Human Rights, and the OSCE. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Agreement,[131] and an Investment Agreement.[132] |
Oceania
[edit]| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Australia |
19 June 1992[133] | See Australia–Azerbaijan relations
|
 New Zealand |
29 June 1992[134] | See Azerbaijan–New Zealand relations
|
International organizations
[edit]Disputes
[edit]Nagorno-Karabakh
[edit]The frozen conflict over currently largely Armenian-populated region of Nagorno-Karabakh within the Republic of Azerbaijan began when in 1988 the Armenian majority of Nagorno-Karabakh demanded autonomy with demonstrations and persecutions against ethnic Azeris following in Armenia. This led to anti-Armenian rioting in Azerbaijan, with Azerbaijani militias beginning their effort to expel Armenians from the enclave. In 1992, a war broke out and pogroms of Armenians and Azeris forced both groups to flee their homes. In 1994, a Russian-brokered ceasefire ended the war but more than 1 million ethnic Armenians and Azeris are still not able to return. In 2023, an Azerbaijani offensive into Nagorno-Karabakh ended the conflict, with the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh conceding sovereignty to the government of Azerbaijan on January 1, 2024.
Caviar diplomacy
[edit]The European Stability Initiative (ESI) has revealed in a report from 2012 with the title "Caviar diplomacy: How Azerbaijan silenced the Council of Europe", that since Azerbaijan's entry into the Council of Europe, each year 30 to 40 deputies are invited to Azerbaijan and generously paid with expensive gifts, including caviar (worth up to 1,400 euro), silk carpets, gold, silver and large amounts of money.[135][136] In return they become lobbyists for Azerbaijan. This practice has been widely referred to as "Caviar diplomacy".[137]
ESI also published a report on 2013 Presidential elections in Azerbaijan titled "Disgraced: Azerbaijan and the end of election monitoring as we know it". The report revealed the ties between Azerbaijani government and the members of certain observation missions who praised the elections.[138] Azerbaijan's "Caviar diplomacy" at 2013 presidential elections sparked a major international scandal, as the reports of two authoritative organizations Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe/European Parliament and OSCE/ODIHR completely contradicted one another in their assessments of elections.[139][140][141][142]
Non-governmental anti-corruption organization Transparency International has regularly judged Azerbaijan to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world[142][143] and has also criticized Azerbaijan for the "Caviar diplomacy".[137][144]
At June 2016 the public prosecutor of Milan has accused the former leader of the (Christian) Union of the center and of the European People's Party of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Luca Volonte of accepting large bribes from representatives of the Azerbaijani government.[145] Two people with high-level experience of the Council of Europe's parliamentary assembly (Pace) have told the Guardian they believe its members have been offered bribes for votes by Azerbaijan. Former Azerbaijani diplomat, Arif Mammadov, alleged that a member of Azerbaijan's delegation at the Council of Europe had €30m (£25m) to spend on lobbying its institutions, including the Council of Europe assembly.[146] PACE ratified the terms of reference of an independent external investigation body to carry out a detailed independent inquiry into the allegations of corruption at the council involving Azerbaijan.[147]
ESISC report
[edit]On 6 March 2017, ESISC (European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center) published a scandalous report called "The Armenian Connection" where it veraciously attacked human rights NGOs and research organisations criticising human rights violations and corruption in Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia.[148]
ESISC in that report asserted that "Caviar diplomacy" report elaborated by ESI aimed to create climate of suspicion based on slander to form a network of MPs that would engage in a political war against Azerbaijan.[149] In the Second Chapter of the report called "The Armenian Connection: «Mr X», Nils Muižnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights" that was published on 18 April 2017 ESISC asserted that the network composed of European PMs, Armenian officials and some NGOs: Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, "Human Rights House Foundation", "Open Dialog", European Stability Initiative, and Helsinki Committee for Human Rights, was financed by the Soros Foundation. According to ESISC the key figure of the network since 2012 has been Nils Muižnieks, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe and the network has served to the interests of George Soros and the Republic of Armenia.[150] "The report is written in the worst traditions of authoritarian propaganda, makes absurd claims, and is clearly aimed at deflecting the wave of criticism against cover-up of unethical lobbying and corruption in PACE and demands for change in the Assembly", said Freedom Files Analytical Centre.[148]
According Robert Coalson (Radio Free Europe), ESISC is a part of Baku's lobbying efforts to extend to the use of front think tanks to shift public opinion.[151]
European Stability Initiative said that "ESISC report is full of lies (such as claiming that German PACE member Strasser holds pro-Armenian views and citing as evidence that he went to Yerevan in 2015 to commemorate the Armenian genocide, when Strasser has never in his life been to independent Armenia)".[152]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- CIA World Factbook 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website
- ↑ "Foreign policy - bilateral relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Azerbaijan). Archived from the original on 28 November 2024. Retrieved 29 December 2024.
- ↑ "Senado Federal Mensagem Nº 40, de 2018: Azerbaijão". legis.senado.leg.br (in Portuguese). p. 10. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
- ↑ "As Relações Bilaterais entre o Azerbaijão e o Brasil". Embaixada da República do Azerbaijão na República Federativa do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 30 May 2025.
- ↑ "Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Saint Kitts and Nevis. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ↑ Government of Antigua and Barbuda. "Chronology of Antigua and Barbudas Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
- ↑ "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 24 December 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 "Diplomatic relations between Azerbaijan and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 13 March 2025.
- ↑ "Grenada and Azerbaijan established diplomatic relations" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
- ↑ "Азербайджан установил дипломатические отношения с Тринидадом и Тобаго" (in Russian). 12 April 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
- ↑ "The Cook Islands and Azerbaijan Formalise Diplomatic Ties". Cook Islands Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Immigration's on Facebook. 30 April 2025. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
- ↑ "EU relations with Azerbaijan". consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
- ↑ NATO. "Relations with Azerbaijan". NATO. Retrieved 7 May 2021.
- ↑ "Nakhchivan Agreement on the establishment of the Cooperation Council of Turkic Speaking States". vLex. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Азербайджан установил дипломатические отношения с Буркина-Фасо, Руандой и Кенией "Рол" 31 мая 2004 г.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ "Azərbaycan – Cibuti münasibətləri". addisababa.mfa.gov.az (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
- ↑ Азербайджан открывает посольство в Эфиопии. 1news.az. 28 December 2012.
- ↑ "Qambiya". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ↑ "Libya". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- ↑ "Azərbaycan Respublikasının Mərakeş Krallığındakı Səfirliyinin kurasiyasında olan ölkələrlə ikitərəfli münasibətlər". rabat.mfa.gov.az (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
- ↑ "Seneqal". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ↑ Посол Азербайджана в ЮАР встретился с преподавателями и студентами Преторийского университета Archived 16 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Vesti.Az 1 November 2012.
- ↑ "Tunis". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ↑ "Bilateral relations between Argentina and Azerbaijan". buenosaires.mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
- ↑ "Representaciones argentinas en el exterior | Embajada en El Salvador". esalv.cancilleria.gob.ar. Archived from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.
- ↑ "Embassy of Azerbaijan in Argentina". buenosaires.mfa.gov.az (in Spanish).
- ↑ "Bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Brazil". brasilia.mfa.gov.az (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
- ↑ "Embassy of Azerbaijan in Brasília". brasilia.mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
- ↑ "Embassy of Brazil in Baku". baku.itamaraty.gov.br.
- ↑ "Embassy of Azerbaijan". Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Embassy of Azerbaijan in Ottawa". ottawa.mfa.gov.az.
- ↑ Government of Canada, Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada (June 2021). "Canada – Azerbaijan Relations". canadainternational.gc.ca.
- ↑ "Bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Colombia". Cancillería. 20 March 2012.
- ↑ "Embassy of Colombia in Baku". azerbaiyan.embajada.gov.co.
- ↑ "The relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Cuba" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- ↑ "Azerbaijan-Ecuador relations".
- ↑ "Embassy of Azerbaijan in Mexico City". mexico.mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
- ↑ "Azərbaycan Respublikasının Meksika Birləşmiş Ştatlarındakı Səfirliyi". mexico.mfa.gov.az.
- ↑ "Azerbaiyán". directorio.sre.gob.mx. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
- ↑ "Nicaragua fortalece relaciones con la República de Azerbaiyán". Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2015.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
- ↑ "Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de Nicaragua". Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ Азербайджан установил дипотношения с Эритреей и Парагваем[permanent dead link] Day.Az 28 Апреля 2004
- ↑ "Bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Peru" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
- ↑ "Peruvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs".
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 James P. Nichol. Diplomacy in the Former Soviet Republics, Praeger/Greenwood, 1995, ISBN 0-275-95192-8, p. 150
- ↑ "Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the United States of America". washington.mfa.gov.az.
- ↑ "U.S. Embassy in Azerbaijan". Department of State. 31 July 2019.
- ↑ "Parlamentarios de Azerbaiyán visitaron Uruguay". Montevideo Portal.
- ↑ "Azərbaycan :: Baş səhifə". azerbaijans.com.
- ↑ Azerbaijani president: Armenians are guests in Yerevan Archived 12 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine, REGNUM News Agency, 17 January 2008
- ↑ Azerbaijan Country Page Archived 8 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. NCSJ: Advocates on Behalf of Jews in Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic States & Eurasia. Accessed 23 May 2010.
- ↑ "Azerbaijani president: Armenians are guests in Yerevan". REGNUM News Agency. 17 January 2008. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
- ↑ Expert Opinion: Neither Peace Nor War: Why Clashes on the Armenia-Azerbaijan Border Didn't Change the Status Quo, Valdai Club, 21 August 2020
- ↑ New flare up of violence breaks out between Azerbaijan and Armenia, Euronews, 28 September 2020
- ↑ Azerbaijan declares partial military mobilisation – president's decree Archived 2 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters, 28 September 2020
- ↑ Cancryn, Alejandra Jaramillo, Adam (8 August 2025). "Trump touts his favorite type of foreign deal — promoting peace in Armenia-Azerbaijan with some personal branding | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved 8 August 2025.
- ↑ "Banqladeş". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ↑ "Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the People's Republic of China". Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Country Studies/Azerbaijan/The Foreign Policy Establishment". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 18 January 2008.
- ↑ "caucaz.com". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ Lenk, Arthur (7 April 2007). "15th anniversary of Israel-Azerbaijan diplomatic relations" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2008.
- ↑ "Welcome to Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan in Japan!". Archived from the original on 23 July 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Embassy of Japan in Azerbaijan". Archived from the original on 15 June 2009.
- ↑ AZERBAIJAN – JORDAN RELATIONS Archived 17 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Azerbaijan, Jordan keen on strengthening economic, trade ties". AzerNews.az. 24 May 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
- ↑ "İKİTƏRƏFLİ MÜNASİBƏTLƏR". beirut.mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
- ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia. "Embassy of Malaysia, Baku".
- ↑ "Embassy of Pakistan in Azerbaijan". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ Embassy of Azerbaijan in Pakistan Archived 8 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Harut Sassounian. Armenia Finally Counters Pakistan's Anti-Armenian Policies. The Armenian Weekly. 29 November 2016
- ↑ [1] [dead link]
- ↑ "Filippin". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ↑ Azerbaijan, Saudi Arabia discuss prospects of military cooperation. Azernews. 7 February 2018
- ↑ Lusine Musayelian. Armenia No Friend To Muslim States, Says Aliyev. Azatutyun. 13 December 2017.
- ↑ "Azərbaycan Respublikasının Koreya Respublikasındakı səfirliyi". seoul.mfa.gov.az.
- ↑ "주 아제르바이잔공화국 대한민국 대사관". overseas.mofa.go.kr (in Korean).
- ↑ [2] Archived 16 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Eurasia Diary. 28 March 2016
- ↑ "Thailand". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 79.3 "Relations between Turkey and Azerbaijan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ↑ "Economic Relations between Turkey and Azerbaijan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
- ↑ "Türkmənistan". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ↑ "Turkmenistan". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ↑ "Özbəkistan". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ↑ "Vyetnam". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ↑ "Yemen". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ "Azemb Vienna". Archived from the original on 1 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Außenministerium Österreich – Botschaft – Baku". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Embassy of Azerbaijan in Belarus". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "AZEMBASSY BELGIUM". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Bosniya və Herseqovina". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ↑ "Bosnia and Herzegovina". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ↑ "専業主婦の借り入れ｜すぐ審査の通る今日中に". Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Embassy of Bulgaria in Azerbaijan". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Embassy of Azerbaijan in Croatia". Archived from the original on 15 January 2013.
- ↑ Turkey and Azerbaijan: The Honeymoon is Over[dead link] by Fariz Ismailzade. Turkishpolicy.com
- ↑ Embassy of Azerbaijan in the Czech Republic Archived 5 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Denmark" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2010.
- ↑ "Denmark". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 2 February 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
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- ↑ "Azerbaijani embassy in Paris". paris.mfa.gov.az.
- ↑ French embassy in Baku Archived 16 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Information on history of bilateral relations". berlin.mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ↑ "Willkommen auf der Startseite". Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
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- ↑ "Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Hellenic Republic – Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan". Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ 107.0 107.1 107.2 "The Holy See". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ↑ "Azerbaijan & Hungary". Azerbaijan. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
- ↑ 109.0 109.1 109.2 "Iceland". mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ↑ "Missions and representations accredited to Ireland" (PDF). Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ↑ "Ambasciata della Repubblica dell'Azerbaigian". Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Italian embassy in Azerbaijan". Archived from the original on 10 December 2008. Retrieved 26 May 2009.
- ↑ "Azerbaijani embassy in Riga". Archived from the original on 10 October 2009. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ↑ "Moldova". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ↑ Flexible Solution. "Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Kingdom of the Netherlands". Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Nederlandse Ambassade in Bakoe, Azerbeidzjan". Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 26 February 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ 118.0 118.1 118.2 "Portugal". mfa.gov.az. Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ↑ "Посол Российской Федерации в Азербайджанской Республике » Посольство Российской Федерации в Азербайджанской Республике". Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
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- ↑ "Azerbaijan – Spain relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- ↑ Media.Az. "Как азербайджанцы-мигранты адаптируются в Швеции? Media.Az поговорила с Конгрессом азербайджанцев Швеции". media.az (in Russian). Retrieved 17 December 2020.
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- ↑ "Switzerland". Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
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- ↑ State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO, Economic Cooperation and Development Azerbaijan Archived 17 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Embassy of Azerbaijan in Ukraine". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
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- ↑ "British Embassy Baku". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 15 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
- ↑ "United Kingdom - Azerbaijan Tax Treaty (1994)". Orbitax. Archived from the original on 17 January 2025. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
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- ↑ "Azerbaijan – Australia Relations" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2018.
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- ↑ Aserbaidschan: Die Kaviar-Diplomatie (German). Der Tagesspiegel. Retrieved 3 August 2013
- ↑ ESI Caviar Diplomacy: How Azerbaijan silenced the Council of Europe Part 1 (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
- ↑ 137.0 137.1 Europe's caviar diplomacy with Azerbaijan must end. EUobserver. Retrieved 6 April 2014
- ↑ ""Disgraced. Azerbaijan and the end of election monitoring as we know it." 5 November 2013, Berlin" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
- ↑ Solash, Richard; Aliyev, Kenan (10 October 2013). "Who Are The Shadowy Western Observers Weighing in on Azerbaijan's Election?". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso. "Europe, Azerbaijan, and caviar". Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ European MPs' praise for Azerbaijan election sparks row BBC News, 17 October 2013
- ↑ 142.0 142.1 Plush hotels and caviar diplomacy: how Azerbaijan's elite wooed MPs The Guardian 24 November 2013
- ↑ Transparency International e.V. "Transparency International – Country Profiles". Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ↑ How Baku's 'caviar diplomacy' neutered Europe's rights standards Archived 5 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Democracy Digest. Retrieved 4 August 2013
- ↑ Corruzione, "tangente da due milioni dall'Azerbaijan": indagato a Milano ex Udc Volontè // Corriere della Sera, 25 June 2016
- ↑ Fresh claims of Azerbaijan vote-rigging at European human rights body // The Guardian. 20 April 2017
- ↑ Corruption inquiry at Council of Europe over Azerbaijan Archived 14 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine // BBC, 30 May 2017
- ↑ 148.0 148.1 AN EXPLORATION INTO AZERBAIJAN'S SOPHISTICATED SYSTEM OF PROJECTING ITS INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCE, BUYING WESTERN POLITICIANS AND CAPTURING INTERGOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS Archived 8 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine // Freedom Files Analytical Centre (Civic Solidarity Platform), March 2017
- ↑ "The Armenian Connection: How a secret caucus of MPs and NGOs, since 2012, created a network within the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe to hide violations of international law". esisc.org. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
- ↑ "The Armenian Connection. Chapter 2: " Mr X ", Nils Muižnieks, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights". esisc.org. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
- ↑ Baku Smooths Over Its Rights Record With A Thick Layer Of Caviar // Radio Free Europe, 8 November 2013
- ↑ Merchants of Doubt or investigating Corruption // ESI, 21 April 2017
Further reading
[edit]- Valiyev, Anar: "Azerbaijan and the North Caucasus: A Pragmatic Relationship" in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 27
- Hübner, Gerald: "Foreign Direct Investment in Azerbaijan—the Quality of Quantity" in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 28
- Abbasov, Shahin: "Azerbaijan's Eurovision Story: Great Chances to Improve, But No Political Will" in the Caucasus Analytical Digest No. 32
- Mazziotti, Marius; Sauerborn, Djan; Scianna, Bastian Matteo: "Multipolarity is key: Assessing Azerbaijan's foreign policy"[3]
External links
[edit]- U.S. Embassy in Azerbaijan in Baku
- Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan in Washington
- Tajikistan & Kyrgyzstan relations Archived 14 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
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