1394
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Template:Year nav Template:C14 year in topic The year 1394 (MCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit | edit source]January–March
[edit | edit source]- January 10 – Antonio Venier, Doge of the Republic of Venice appoints Desiderato Lucio as the Grand Chancellor. Lucio serves until April 23, 1396.[1]
- January 11 – The King of Naples, Ladislao of Anjou-Durazzo, grants Neapolitan-controlled Greece to Nerio Acciaioli as the Duchy of Athens.[2]
- January 15 – Grand Prince Chinan of the Joseon kingdom in Korea, eldest son of King Taejo and heir to the throne, dies at the age of 39 from complications of alcoholism.
- January 20 – In India, Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah becomes the new Sultan of Delhi upon the death of his father, Muhammad Shah III.[3]
- January 28 – The English Parliament, summoned by King Richard II of England, opens it session after having been summoned on November 13, 1393, and elects Sir John Bussy as its speaker.
- February 1 – Sikandar Shah is crowned Sultan in a ceremony at Delhi.[3]
- February 28 – Richard II of England grants Geoffrey Chaucer 20 pounds a year for life, for his services as a diplomat and Clerk of The King's Works.[4]
- March 6 – The English Parliament closes after a 37 day session. Among the acts receiving royal assent are the Money Act (prohibiting the melting of money and the import of foreign money), the Cloths Act ("Every person may make cloth of what length and breadth he will."), and the Exportation of Corn Act (allowing all of the King's subjects to ship grain from the Kingdom.)[5]
- March 8 – Mahmud Shah II becomes the new Sultan of Delhi when his brother, Sikandar, dies after less than seven weeks as monarch.[3] At the same time, another claimant to the throne, Nasir-ud-din Nusrat Shah Tughluq, proclaims his rule at the royal palace in Firozabad.[6]
April–June
[edit | edit source]- April 26 – Martín Yáñez de la Barbudo of the Kingdom of Castile, master of the Order of Alcántara military group and leader of a crusade against the Muslim Emirate of Granada, leads an army across the border into the Emirate and marches toward the capital. Granadan Emir Muhammad VII sends emissaries to King Enrique III of Castile to complain about the violation of the truce between them, and then mobilizes the Granadan Army to repel the invasion by Barbuda, who is killed in the battle along with hundreds of other Castilians.[7]
- May 17 – By order of King Taejo of the Joseon dyanasty of Korea, who had taken power in 1392 by overthrowing the Goryeo dynasty, the former monarch, King Gongyang, is executed by strangulation at the prison in Samcheok, along with Crown Prince Jeongseong and the remaining survivors of the Goryeo royal family.[8]
- June 3 – At Tunis, Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz al-Mutawakkil becomes the new of Caliph of the Hafsid Sultanate of Ifriqiya in North Africa (now part of Algeria, Tunisia and Libya after the death of his father Abu al-Abbas Ahmad II,
- June 11 – The Venetians take over possession of Argos, from Despot Theodore I Palaiologos.[9]
July–September
[edit | edit source]- July 9 – Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and the mentally unstable, King Charles VI of France, agree that Philip's first granddaughter would marry King Charles's son and heir apparent, the two-year-old Dauphin Charles de France. The agreement will not achieve a result, in that the Dauphin and will die at age nine in 1401.[10]
- July 16 – The agreement between the Swiss Confederacy (the cantons of Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz and Unterwaldeden) and the Duchy of Austria, originally signed on April 1, 1389, following the 1386 Battle of Sempach, is extended by amendment.[11]
- July 24 – General Paolo Savelli of the Republic of Venice and Giovanni Colonna, Lord of Palestrina, attempt a coup d'etat to overthrow the government of Rome and the rule of Pope Urban VI by attacking Capitoline Hill, but fail to get support.[12]
- August 2 &ndash (5th day of the 7th month of Meitoku 5), the Meitoku Era in Japan is declared to be at an end because of the misfortune of a smallpox epidemic, and the Ōei era begins.
- August 15 – Two months after being captured by King Zsigmond of Hungary, the Serbian rebel Janos Horvati, is brutally executed at Pécs by dismemberment to avenge the 1387 execution of the former Queen consort of Hungary, Elizabeth of Bosnia.[13]
- September 17 – King Charles VI of France orders the expulsion of all Jews from France.[14]
- September 28 – Cardinal Pedro Martínez de Luna of the Kingdom of Aragon, opposed to the rule of the Roman Pope Urban VI, is elected at Avignon as the antipope Benedict XIII to succeed the antipope Clement VII.[15]
October–December
[edit | edit source]- October 10 – At the Battle of Karanovasa, Wallachia (now southern Romania) resists an invasion by the army Ottoman Empire and its Serb and Bulgarian vassals.[16]
- October 11 – The antipope Benedict XIII begins his reign.[17]
- November 29 – The capital city of the Joseon dynasty (in present-day Korea) is moved from Gaegyeong (now Gaeseong) to Hanseong (now Seoul).
- December 6 – The astronomical clock of St. Nicholas Church in Stralsund is finished and signed by Nikolaus Lilienfeld.
Date unknown
[edit | edit source]- The Ottomans conquer Thessaly (now eastern Greece) and begin an eight-year siege of Constantinople, in the Byzantine Empire. In the same year, they begin building the Anadoluhisarı fortress to defend themselves during the siege.[18]
- Ashikaga Yoshimitsu retires as shōgun of Japan, and is succeeded by his son, Ashikaga Yoshimochi.
- Gyeongbokgung Palace and the Jongmyo royal ancestral shrine are built in Hanseong (now Seoul).
- After the death of Sultan Mahmud II, civil war breaks out in the Delhi Sultanate, splitting the state between east and west.
- Battle of Ros-Mhic-Thriúin: The Kingdom of Leinster, led by King Art mac Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh, defeats an invading army from England, led by King Richard II of England and Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March.
- Ştefan I succeeds Roman I, as Prince of Moldavia (now Moldova and eastern Romania).
- Abu Zayyan II succeeds his brother, Abul Hadjdjadj I, as ruler of the Abdalwadid dynasty in present-day eastern Algeria.[19]
- Abd al-Aziz II succeeds Abu al-Abbas Ahmad II, as ruler of the Hafsid dynasty in present-day Tunisia.[20]
- The Allgäuer Brauhaus brewery is founded in present-day Germany.[21]
- The Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China orders the Ministry of Public Works to issue a public notice, that every 100 households in the lijia system are to set aside 2 mu (1,390 m2) of land, for planting mulberry and jujube trees.
Births
[edit | edit source]- March 4 – Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese patron of exploration (d. 1460)[22]
- June 4 – Philippa of England, Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (d. 1430)[23]
- July 12 – Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shōgun (d. 1441)
- July 25 – James I of Scotland (d. 1437)[24]
- November 24 – Charles I, Duke of Orléans, French poet (d. 1465)[25]
- date unknown
- probable – Cymburgis of Masovia, Duchess of Austria
Deaths
[edit | edit source]- June 25 – Dorothea of Montau, German hermitess (b. 1347)[27]
- March 17 – Louis, Count of Enghien, Count of Conversano and Brienne
- March 24 – Constance of Castile, claimant to the throne of Castile
- June 4 – Mary de Bohun, English countess, married to Henry IV of England[28]
- June 7 – Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II of England (plague) (b. 1366)[29]
- August 27 – Emperor Chōkei of Japan (b. 1343)
- September 16 – Antipope Clement VII (b. 1342)[30]
- December 28 – Maria Angelina Doukaina Palaiologina, basilissa of Epirus (b. 1350)
- date unknown
- John Hawkwood, English mercenary (b. 1320)
- Fazlallah Astarabadi, Persian founder of the mystical Hurufism sect (executed)
- Sultan Mahmud II of the Delhi Sultanate
- Former King Gongyang of Goryeo (b. 1345)
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Andrea Da Mosto, L'Archivio di Stato di Venezia (The Archive of the State of Venice) (Rome: Biblioteca d'Arte editrice, 1937)
- ↑ Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (1975). "The Catalans in Greece, 1311–1380; The Catalans and Florentines in Greece, 1380–1462". The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. The History of the Crusades. Three. The University of Wisconsin Press. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-299-06670-3.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 100–102. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ↑ Geoffrey Chaucer (1866). The Poetical Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. Bell and Daldy. pp. 37.
- ↑ [[[:Template:GBurl]] Chronological Table of the Statutes: Covering the Period from 1235 to the End of 1971] Check
|url=value (help). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1972. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-11-840096-1 – via Google Books. - ↑ Mohammed Habib, (1970, reprint 2006) A Comprehensive History of India, Volume V, Part 1 (People's Publishing House, 2014, reprint of 1970) ISBN 978-81-7007-1617, p.624
- ↑ Harvey, L. P. (1992). Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 226–227. ISBN 978-0-226-31962-9.
- ↑ Lee Han-woo (2018). 이한우의 태종실록 재위 8년: 새로운 해석, 예리한 통찰 [Hanwoo Lee's 8th year of reign in the Annals of Taejong: New interpretations, sharp insights] (in Korean). Book21 Publishing Group. ISBN 9788950976309.
- ↑ Manuel II Palaeologus (Emperor of the East) (1985). Manuel II Palaeologus: Funeral Oration on His Brother Theodore. Association for Byzantine Research. p. 19.
- ↑ Vaughan, Richard (2005). Philip the Bold: The Formation of the Burgundian State. The Boydell Press. pp. 91–92.
- ↑ Battle of Sempach in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
- ↑ Template:DBI
- ↑ János Thuróczy, Chronicle of the Hungarians (Helikon Publishing, 1986) ISBN 963-207-518-8
- ↑ Zosa Szajkowski; Soza Szajkowski (1970). Jews and the French Revolutions of 1789, 1830 and 1848. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. pp. 220. ISBN 978-0-87068-000-7.
- ↑ Sir Frederick Dixon Hartland (1854). A Chronological Dictionary or Index to the Genealogical Chart of the Royal and Distinguished Houses of Europe. p. 14.
- ↑ Vladislav Boskovic (3 July 2009). Some Notes on Marko Kraljevic (Prince Marko). GRIN Verlag. p. 3. ISBN 978-3-640-36481-7.
- ↑ Kirsch, Johann Peter (1910). "Pedro de Luna". The Catholic Encyclopedia. Robert Appleton Company.
- ↑ John Cleave (2008). Istanbul: City of Two Continents. Editions Didier Millet. p. 10. ISBN 978-981-4217-52-1.
- ↑ Anuario de estudios medievales. Instituto de Historia Medieval de España. 1990. p. 157.
- ↑ Fossier, Robert; Jacques Verger; Robert Mantran; Catherine Asdracha; Charles de La Roncière (1987). Storia del medioevo III: Il tempo delle crisi (1250–1520). Giulio Einaudi editore. p. 368. ISBN 88-06-58404-9.
- ↑ Adressbuch ... 8960 Kempten, Allgäu: bearb. nach d. amtl. Unterlagen d. Stadtverwaltung u. eigenen Erhebungen d. Verl. 1986. Bleicher. p. 26.
- ↑ Richard Henry Major (1877). The Discoveries of Prince Henry the Navigator, and Their Results; Being the Narrative of the Discovery by Sea, Within One Century, of More Than Half the World. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington. pp. 20.
- ↑ Panton, James (2011). Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy. Scarecrow Press. p. 370. ISBN 978-0-8108-7497-8.
- ↑ Gordon Donaldson; Robert S. Morpeth (1973). Who's who in Scottish history. Blackwell. p. 33. ISBN 9780631147008.
- ↑ Henry Ansgar Kelly (1986). Chaucer and the Cult of Saint Valentine. BRILL. p. 146. ISBN 90-04-07849-5.
- ↑ Great Britain. Court of Chancery (1918). Inquisitions Post Mortem Relating to Yorkshire: Of the Reigns of Henry IV and Henry V. Society. p. 112.
- ↑ André Vauchez; Michael Lapidge (2000). Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A-J. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Incorporated. p. 448. ISBN 9781579582821.
- ↑ Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011. Douglas Richardson. p. 352. ISBN 978-1-4610-4513-7.
- ↑ Andrew, M. (2016). The Palgrave Literary Dictionary of Chaucer. Springer. p. 11. ISBN 9780230273962.
- ↑ "Clement (VII) | antipope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 18 March 2019.