1499
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Template:Year nav Template:C15 year in topicYear 1499 (MCDXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit | edit source]January–March
[edit | edit source]- January 8 – Louis XII of France marries Anne of Brittany, in accordance with a law set by his predecessor, Charles VIII.[1]
- February 4 – Hans, King of Denmark is formally crowned as King of Sweden and his wife Christina of Saxony crowned as Queen Consort.
- February 9 – The Treaty of Blois is signed between the Kingdom of France and the Republic of Venice as a secret military alliance between the two nations to attack the Duchy of Milan.[2]
- February 20 – The Battle of Hard is fought near the village of Hard in modern-day western Austria as the Swiss Confederacy defeats the troops of the Holy Roman Empire in the first large-scale confrontation of the Swabian War.[3]
- March 22 – At the Battle of Bruderholz, the Swiss Confederation defeats a larger force of troops from the Swabian League near Basel.[4]
April–June
[edit | edit source]- April 11 – The Battle of Schwaderloh is won by the Swiss Confederacy over the Swabian League with more than 1,400 of the Swabian troops killed.[5]
- April 20 – The Swiss Confederacy defeats the forces of the Holy Roman Empire in the Battle of Frastanz, with more than 2,000 Imperial troops killed.[6]
- April 30 – The University of Valencia is founded in Spain with the passage of the University Statutes by the magistrates of Valencia.[7]
- May 19 – Catherine of Aragon, the future first wife of Henry VIII, is married by proxy to his brother, Arthur, Prince of Wales.
- June 1 – Pedro Alonso Niño, who had accompanied Columbus on his first voyage to the New World in 1492, departs from Palos in Spain toward South America on a 7-month voyage to the New World. Niño sets sail in a small caravel with 33 men[8]
- June 10 – Pope Alexander VI informs the Roman Catholic cardinals that the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire has amassed a fleet of 300 ships to lay siege to the city of Rhodes. [9]
- June 15 – The Great Epidemic of plague reaches London, forcing King Henry and Queen Anne to flee to the capital to Langley on June 25 and then to Abingdon.[10]
- June 20 – Queen Isabella of Spain orders Christopher Columbus to liberate and repatriate Indians from the New World, declaring that nobody had authorized him to kidnap any of her subjects.[11]
July–September
[edit | edit source]- July 22 – Battle of Dornach: The Swiss decisively defeat the army of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.[12]
- July 28 – First Battle of Lepanto: The Turkish navy wins a decisive victory over the Venetians.
- August 24 – Lake Maracaibo is discovered, by Alonso de Ojeda and Amerigo Vespucci.
- August – Polydore Vergil completes De inventoribus rerum, the first modern history of inventions.
- September 18 – Vasco da Gama arrives at Lisbon, returning from India, and is received by King Manuel of Portugal.[13]
- September 22 – Treaty of Basel: Maximilian is forced to grant the Swiss de facto independence.
October–December
[edit | edit source]- October 26 – King Louis XII of France and his troops seize Milan, driving out Duke Ludovico Sforza, and Leonardo da Vinci flees to Venice.[14]
- October 25 – The Pont Notre-Dame in Paris, constructed under Charles VI of France, collapses into the Seine.[15]
- November 5 – The Catholicon is published in Tréguier (Brittany). This Breton–greek–Latin dictionary had been written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc. It is the first dictionary of either French or Breton.
- November 23 – Perkin Warbeck, pretender to the throne of England, is hanged for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
- November 28 – Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, last male member of the House of York, is executed for reportedly attempting to escape from the Tower of London.
- December 18 – The Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501) begins in the Kingdom of Granada (Crown of Castile) against the forced conversions of Muslims in Spain.
Date unknown
[edit | edit source]- Montenegro, the last free monarchy in the Balkans, is annexed by the Ottoman Empire, as part of the sanjak of Shkodër, and Stefan II Crnojević is removed from office.
- Johannes Trithemius inadvertently reveals interests in magic by writing a letter to a Carmelite friar about a treatise he is writing on steganography.
- Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa matriculates at Cologne University.
- Giggleswick School is founded by Reverend James Carr in England.
Births
[edit | edit source]- January 15 – Samuel Maciejowski, Polish bishop (d. 1550)
- January 20 – Sebastian Franck, German humanist (d. 1543)
- January 29 – Katharina von Bora, German nun, wife of Martin Luther (d. 1552)
- February 10 – Thomas Platter, Swiss humanist scholar and writer (d. 1582)
- March 22 – Johann Carion, German astrologer and chronicler (d. 1537)
- March 31 – Pope Pius IV (d. 1565)[16]
- May 14 – Agostino Gallo, Italian agronomist (d. 1570)
- June 24 – Johannes Brenz, German theologian and Protestant Reformer of the Duchy of Württemberg (d. 1570)
- July 17 – Maria Salviati, Italian noble and mother of Cosimo I de Medici (d. 1543)
- August 14 – John de Vere, 14th Earl of Oxford, English noble (d. 1526)
- September 3 – Diane de Poitiers, French duchess, mistress of Henry II of France (d. 1566)
- October 13 – Claude of France, queen consort of France, daughter of Louis XII (d. 1524)
- October 14 – Catherine of the Palatinate, Abbess of Neuburg am Neckar (d. 1526)
- October 31 – Günther XL, Count of Schwarzburg (1526–1552) (d. 1552)
- November 1 – Rodrigo of Aragon, Italian noble (d. 1512)
- December 8 – Sebald Heyden, German musicologist and theologian (d. 1561)
- December 13 – Justus Menius, German Lutheran pastor (d. 1558)
- date unknown
- Hans Asper, Swiss painter (d. 1571)
- Michael Coxcie, Flemish painter (d. 1592)
- Cesare Hercolani, Italian military leader (d. 1534)
- Jan Łaski, Polish Protestant reformer (d. 1560)
- Laurentius Petri, Archbishop of Uppsala (d. 1573)
- Giulio Romano, Italian painter (d. 1546)
- Bernardino de Sahagún, Franciscan missionary (d. 1590)
- Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia, Italian mathematician (d. 1557)
- Ming, Icelandic clam (d. 2006)[17]
- probable – Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer (d. 1543)
Deaths
[edit | edit source]- January 9 – John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1455)
- March 24 – Edward Stafford, 2nd Earl of Wiltshire, English nobleman (b. 1470)
- April 7 – Galeotto I Pico, Duke of Mirandola (b. 1442)
- August 29 – Alesso Baldovinetti, Florentine painter (b. 1427)
- October 1 – Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (b. 1433)
- November 23 – Perkin Warbeck, Flemish imposter (b. c. 1474) (executed)
- November 28 – Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick, last male member of the English House of York (b. 1475)
- date unknown
- Rennyo, leader of the Ikkō sect of Buddhism (b. 1415)
- Muhammad Rumfa, ruler of Kano
- Laura Cereta, Italian humanist and feminist (b. 1469)
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ The Secular Spirit: Life and Art at the End of the Middle Ages; [catalog of an Exhibition Held at the Cloisters, Mar. 26, 1975 - June 3, 1975]. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1975. p. 256. ISBN 9780870990960.
- ↑ Mallett, Michael; Shaw, Christine (2012). The Italian Wars: 1494–1559. Pearson Education. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-582-05758-6.
- ↑ 500 Jahre Schlacht bei Hard (500 Years Since the Battle of Hard) (Schweizerischer Feldweibelverband Sektion St. Gallen-Appenzell, 2016)
- ↑ Albert Winkler, "The Swiss in the Swabian War of 1499: An Analysis of the Swiss Military at the End of the Fifteenth Century," Swiss American Historical Society Review, vol. 56 (2020), no. 3, pp. 55-141.
- ↑ Scheck, P.: Der Schwabenkrieg 1499 (Municipal Archives of Schaffhausen, 1999)
- ↑ Schibler, T.: Battle of Frastanz in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 31 March 2005.
- ↑ Palanca, Abelardo (1968). La Universidad de Valencia en el primer decenio del siglo XVI [The University of Valencia in the First Decade of the 15th Century] (PDF). Saitabi. pp. 85–106. ISSN 0210-9980.
- ↑ .nino.htm "Pedro Alonso Niño", in Panama History, by Bruce Ruiz
- ↑ Kenneth M. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571, Volume II: The Fifteenth Century (American Philosophical Society, 1976) p.516 ISSN 0065-9788
- ↑ Terry Breverton, Henry VII: The Maligned Tudor King (Amberley Publishing, 2016) ISBN 9781445646060
- ↑ "Columbus, Christopher", in The Home Encyclopedia, Volume VI, (Chicago Educational Publishing Company) p.1697
- ↑ Herold, J. Christopher (21 October 2016). The Swiss Without Halos. Pickle Partners Publishing. p. 36. ISBN 9781787201385.
- ↑ Friedman, John Block; Figg, Kristen Mossler (4 July 2013). Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 145. ISBN 9781135590949.
- ↑ Gagné, John (2021). Milan Undone: Contested Sovereignties in the Italian Wars. Harvard University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0674248724.
- ↑ Wouters, Ine; van de Voorde, Stephanie; Bertels, Inge; Espion, Bernard; de Jonge, Krista; Zastavni, Denis (11 July 2018). Building Knowledge, Constructing Histories: Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Construction History (6ICCH 2018), July 9-13, 2018, Brussels, Belgium. 1. CRC Press. p. 23. ISBN 9780429822643.
- ↑ "Pius IV | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ↑ Traynor, Luke (2013-11-13). "Ming the clam confirmed by Bangor University scientists as the world's oldest creature at 507 - 102 years older than previously believed". Mirror Online.