409
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Year 409 (CDIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Honorius and Theodosius (or, less frequently, year 1162 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 409 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Events
[edit | edit source]By place
[edit | edit source]Roman Empire
[edit | edit source]- Roman Civil war of 407–415:
- Spring – Gerontius, Roman general (magister militum), who had been a partisan of Constantine III, revolts in Hispania. He elevates Maximus, his domesticus, as emperor.
- October 13 – The Vandals, led by King Gunderic, cross the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula. They receive land from the Romans, as foederati, in Baetica (Southern Spain). The Alans occupy lands in Lusitania and the Suebi control parts of Gallaecia.
- The Visigothic king Alaric I lays siege to Rome a second time, bringing the inhabitants close to starvation. Emperor Honorius, safe in inaccessible Ravenna, refuses to negotiate for peace, despite repeated offers from Alaric, who then comes to terms with the Senate and sets up a rival emperor, Priscus Attalus, prefect (praefectus urbi) of the city.
- Honorius agrees that sons of prominent families at court in Ravenna be sent beyond the Danube as hostages; in return, later he calls up ten thousand Hun mercenaries.[1]
- Following the invasions by the Vandals, Alans, and Suebi in 409, chroniclers report severe disruption to food supplies in Hispania and nearby regions, leading to famine and hardship.[2][3][4]
- Bacaudic Rebellion: Peasants in Armorica, northwestern Gallia launch a revolt. The unrest continues until 417.[5]
Asia
[edit | edit source]- Mingyuan, age 17, succeeds Daowu as emperor of the Chinese Northern Wei (one of the Northern dynasties).
- Battle of Linqu: Southern Yan is defeated by Eastern Jin.
Births
[edit | edit source]- Daniel the Stylite, Christian saint (approximate date)
- Liu Yikang, prince of the Liu Song Dynasty (d. 451)
Deaths
[edit | edit source]- Didymus and Verinianus, cousins of emperor Honorius.
- Daowu, emperor of the Northern Wei (b. 371)
- Gao Yun, emperor of the Northern Yan
- Li of Yan, empress, wife of Gao Yun (who died the same year)
- Mallius Theodorus, Roman consul (approximate date)
- Serena, noblewoman and wife of Stilicho
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ The End of Empire (p. 56). Christopher Kelly, 2009. ISBN 978-0-393-33849-2
- ↑ Collins, Richard (2004). Visigothic Spain: The Early Kingdoms. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 11–14. ISBN 9780470754610.
- ↑ Collins, Richard (1999). Early Medieval Europe, 300-1000 (1st ed.). Macmillan. p. 57. ISBN 9780333368251.
- ↑ Jerome. "Letter 125". Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved February 19, 2026.
- ↑ Burns, Vincent (1992). "The Visigothic Settlement in Aquitania: Imperial Motives". Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte. 41 (3): 362–373. ISSN 0018-2311. JSTOR 4436252.