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Essonne

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Not to be confused with Essenes.

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Essonne
Department of France
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From top down, left to right : view of Château de Courances, Château du Saussay and La gloriette in Brunoy
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Location of Essonne in France
Coordinates: 48°30′N 02°17′E / 48.500°N 2.283°E / 48.500; 2.283Coordinates: 48°30′N 02°17′E / 48.500°N 2.283°E / 48.500; 2.283
CountryFrance
RegionÎle-de-France
PrefectureÉvry-Courcouronnes
SubprefecturesÉtampes
Palaiseau
Government
 • President of the Departmental CouncilFrançois Durovray[1] (Template:Polparty)
 • PrefectFabienne Balussou
Area
1
 • TotalTemplate:Infobox settlement/areadisp
Population
 (Template:France metadata Wikidata)Template:France metadata Wikidata
 • TotalTemplate:France metadata Wikidata
 • Rank14th
 • DensityTemplate:Infobox settlement/densdisp
Demonym(s)Essonniens Essonniennes
GDP
[2]
 • Total€58.462 billion (2021)
 • Per capita€44,500 (2021)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeFR-91
Department number91
Arrondissements3
Cantons21
Communes194
Websitewww.essonne.fr
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2

Essonne (fr) is a department in the Île-de-France region of France. It is named after the river Essonne. In 2023, it had a population of 1,338,485, across 194 communes.[3]

Essonne was formed on 1 January 1968, when Seine-et-Oise was split into smaller departments. Its prefecture is Évry-Courcouronnes. Its INSEE and postcode number is 91.

History

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The Essonne department was created on 1 January 1968 from the southern portion of the former department of Seine-et-Oise.

In June 1963, Carrefour S.A. opened the first hypermarket in the Paris region at Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois (although the word "hypermarché" was first used only in 1966). Based on the ideas put forward by the American logistics pioneer Bernardo Trujillo,[4] the centre offered on a single 2,500 m2 (26,909.78 sq ft) site a hitherto unknown combination of wide choice and low prices, supported by 400 car parking spaces.

In 1969, the communes of Châteaufort and Toussus-le-Noble were separated from Essonne and added to the department of Yvelines.

Geography

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Essonne belongs to the region of Île-de-France.

It has borders with the departments of:

All of northern Essonne department belongs to the Parisian agglomeration and is very urbanized. The south remains rural.

Principal towns

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The most populous commune is Évry-Courcouronnes, the prefecture. As of 2019, the 5 most populous communes are:[3]

Commune Population (2023)
Évry-Courcouronnes 66,919
Corbeil-Essonnes 54,471
Massy 51,729
Savigny-sur-Orge 37,601
Palaiseau 37,471

In descending order, the other communes over 25,000 population are: Athis-Mons, Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, Vigneux-sur-Seine, Ris-Orangis, Viry-Châtillon, Draveil, Yerres, Étampes, Grigny, Brétigny-sur-Orge, Les Ulis and Brunoy.[3] Milly-la-Forêt is a notable example of its more rural communes.

Main sights

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  • The École Polytechnique. Founded in 1794, L'Ecole Polytechnique is one of the most prestigious engineering universities in France. This university was ranked 10th in the world by the Times Higher Education Supplement in 2005. Its campus is in the town of Palaiseau.
  • Paris-Sud University. One of the best public schools in France, it is ranked 52nd by Academic Ranking of World Universities. It is best known for its mathematics department. Located in Orsay, Essonne, about 26,000 students are enrolled.
  • The Headquarters of the Arianespace Company, a major commercial aerospace launcher, servicing companies who wish to launch satellites into space.
  • Château de Montlhéry. Originally having been an ancient fort during Roman times, the first feudal lords began to inhabit the castle around 1000 AD. One major battle was fought in the castle during its lifetime. In 1465, Charles the Rash and French King Louis XI fought in the plains in front of the castle. In 1842, the reconstruction of the castle was started, and currently is being maintained by the local town of Montlhery
  • Château de Courances
  • The Forest of Sénart. Covering 3,500 hectares in area, this forest is very important to the local population. The local government has kept roads and agricultural companies from cutting down parts of this forest. The forest receives between two and three million visitors annually, and the government spends 1.2 million euros a year maintaining it.
  • Telecom Sudparis. Situated in Évry, this is a grande école for engineers

Politics

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See also: Departmental Council of Essonne

The department's most high-profile political representative has been Manuel Valls, who was Prime Minister of France from 31 March 2014 to 6 December 2016. Valls visited its main town, Évry, to deliver remarks following the Charlie Hebdo massacre of January 2015. The president of the Departmental Council is François Durovray, elected in 2015.

Presidential election, second round

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Election Winning candidate Party % 2nd place candidate Party %
2022[5] Emmanuel Macron LREM 65.43 Marine Le Pen FN 34.57
2017[6] Emmanuel Macron LREM 72.18 Marine Le Pen FN 27.82
2012 François Hollande PS 53.43 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 46.57
2007 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 52.08 Ségolène Royal PS 47.92
2002[6] Jacques Chirac RPR 84.96 Jean-Marie Le Pen FN 15.04
1995[7] Jacques Chirac RPR 53.30 Lionel Jospin PS 15.04

Members of the National Assembly

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Constituency Member[8] Party
Essonne's 1st constituency Farida Amrani La France Insoumise
Essonne's 2nd constituency Nathalie da Conceicao Carvalho National Rally
Essonne's 3rd constituency Steevy Gustave The Ecologists
Essonne's 4th constituency Marie-Pierre Rixain Renaissance
Essonne's 5th constituency Paul Midy Renaissance
Essonne's 6th constituency Jérôme Guedj Socialist Party
Essonne's 7th constituency Claire Lejeune La France Insoumise
Essonne's 8th constituency Bérenger Cernon La France Insoumise
Essonne's 9th constituency Julie Ozenne The Ecologists
Essonne's 10th constituency Antoine Léaument La France Insoumise

Demographics

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Population development since 1876: Template:Historical populations

Place of birth of residents

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Template:France immigration

Tourism

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Sister regions

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Essonne is twinned with:

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
  2. ↑ "Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by NUTS 3 regions". ec.europa.eu.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Populations de référence 2023: 91 Essonne, INSEE
  4. ↑ Soulabail, Yves (2020-09-30). "Bernardo Trujillo, son enseignement lors des séminaires MMM". Carrefour Un combat pour la liberté. (in French). Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  5. ↑ "Les résultats du second tour de l'élection présidentielle". France 24 (in French). 2022-04-19. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Présidentielles". www.interieur.gouv.fr (in French). Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  7. ↑ "Résultats de l'élection présidentielle de 1995 par département - Politiquemania". www.politiquemania.com. Retrieved 2022-04-28.
  8. ↑ Nationale, Assemblée. "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblée nationale.
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Template:Departments of France

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