Knout
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A knout /ˈnaʊt/ (Template:Langx, ru) is a Russian whip that consists of a rawhide thong or a rope attached to a long wooden handle. Commonly used for prodding horses or cattle, knouts were also used for flagellation as a corporal punishment in Russian history. The English word is a spelling-pronunciation of a French transliteration of the Russian word кнут (knut), which means "whip".
Etymology
[edit | edit source]The word may be derived from the Swedish knutpiska, a kind of whip with knots. The stem knut is of generic Germanic origin; compare with the German Knute, Dutch knoet (both meaning knout) and with Old Norse knutr, Anglo-Saxon cnotta and English knot.[1]
For corporal punishment
[edit | edit source]According to Brockhaus and Efron, a typical knout used by Russian executioners consisted of a wooden handle about half arshin (35 cm (14 in)) to which attached was a thick braided rawhide piece, one arshin (70 cm (28 in)) long. The latter piece ended in a metal ring, to which was attached a wide rawhide belt made as long, also of one arshin length with a stiffened beak-like end.[2]
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Knouts were used in Russia for flogging as formal corporal punishment of criminals and political offenders. The victim was tied to a post or on a triangle of wood and stripped, receiving the specified number of strokes on the back. A sentence of 100 or 120 lashes was equivalent to a death sentence.[3][page needed]
Emperor Nicholas I abolished punishment by knout in 1845, after years of deliberation, and replaced it with the pleti,[2] a lighter whip, commonly with three tails, which was used previously for punishment as well.[4]
See also
[edit | edit source]References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ "knot | Etymology of knot by etymonline". www.etymonline.com. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Template:Cite Efron
- ↑ de Lagny, Germain (1854). The Knout and the Russians: Or, the Muscovite Empire, the Czar, and his people. Russia observed. New York: Harper&Brothers. LCCN 16010158. OCLC 2959335.
- ↑ Template:Cite Efron
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Knout". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
External links
[edit | edit source]
The dictionary definition of knout at Wiktionary
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- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
- Whips
- Whipping