1393
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Template:Year nav Template:C14 year in topicYear 1393 (MCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
January – March
[edit | edit source]- January 20 – The English Parliament, summoned November 23 by King Richard II of England, assembles at Winchester
- January 28 – At the "Bal des Ardents", four members of the court of Charles VI of France, participating in a dance at the Palace of Saint-Pol in Paris for the entertainment of the guests at a wedding, are burned to death by accident at a masquerade ball. King Charles himself, one of the masked dancers, escapes injury when his aunt, Joan II, Countess of Auvergne, saves him.[1]
- February 10 – The English Parliament adjourns after three weeks and the passage of numerous laws. Among the acts given royal assent are the Trade Act 1392 ("No merchant stranger shall buy or sell with another merchant stranger to sell again"), the Statute of Praemunire (which outlaws appealing an English court case to the Pope if the King of England objects) and the Weights and Measures Act 1392 ("The clerk of the market shall carry with him all his weights and measures signed.")[2]
- February 27 – The Senate of the Republic of Venice secretly directs Paolo Foscari to seek an alliance with Nerio I Acciaioli, Duke of Athens and Theodore I Palaiologos, Despot of the Morea, against the mercenary Navarrese Company.[3]
- March 23 – Bohemian priest John of Nepomuk is killed in Prague by being thrown off Charles Bridge into the Vltava river, allegedly at the behest of king Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. Nepomuk later will be declared a saint.[4]
- March 29 - In central Persia, the Muzzafarid Empire, led by Shah Mansur, rebels against their Timurid occupiers. The rebellion is squashed and the Shah is executed along with the whole Muzaffarid nobility, ending the Muzaffarid dynasty in Persia.[5]
April – June
[edit | edit source]- April 3 - Philippe III de Thurey, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Lyon issues warrants approved by the Avignon Pope Clement VII to expel the officers of France's King Charles VI from Lyon, and drives the King's Sénéchal and deputies out of town.[6]
- April 14 - To resolve issues remaining from the six-year long war in Myanmar between the Kingdom of Ava and the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, a delegation sent by King Swa Saw Ke of Ava arrives at Nanjing, capital of Ming dynasty China, to seek the aid of the court of the Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. The mission is unsuccessful.[7]
- April 17 - Sir Walter Blount and Henry Bowet are dispatched by John II, Duke of Aquitaine in France, a former claimant to the throne of Crown of Castile in Spain, to negotiate a peace with King Enrique III of Castile.[8]
- May 29 - Abu Thabid II becomes the new ruler of the Kingdom of Tlemcen in what is now Algeria, succeeding Abu Tashufin II.[9]
- June 4 – Hook and Cod wars: In Holland, after a revolt in Leiden by the "Hooks", elite members and guild members in the community, Albrecht van Beieren, Count of Holland, revokes promises previously made to the Hooks for more autonomy, appoints a new bench of adlermen from the "Cods" (his supporters), and punishes many of the rebels, either by exiling them or requiring them to go on the next pilgrimage to the Middle East.[10]
July – September
[edit | edit source]- July 8 - At Tlemcen, Abul Hadjadjadj I becomes the new ruler of the Kingdom of Tlemcen in what is now Algeria, succeeding Abu Thabid II.[9] He reigns until November.
- July 13 - Vytautas the Great, Regent of the Duchy of Lithuania for Wladyslaw II Jagiello, King of Poland, begins a peace conference with the Teutonic Knights, convening in Thorn in the Holy Roman Empire (now Toruń in Poland)[11]
- July 15 – A political crisis begins in the Republic of Genoa, with four different holders of the chief executive office over a period of several hours. Antoniotto di Montaldo, the "Lifetime Doge" for more than a year, resigns and directs that Pietro Fregoso shall be his successor.[12] Fregoso takes office, but resigns the next day.[13][14]
- July 16 – Clemente Promontorio takes over from Pietro Fregoso as the Lifetime Doge of Genoa, but is forced to flee his office hours later by Francesco Giustiniano di Garibaldo becomes the new Doge of the Republic.[13]
- July 17 – Troops of the Ottoman Empire, led by General Süleyman Çelebi, capture the Bulgarian capital, Tarnovo, after a three-month siege, bringing an end to the Second Bulgarian Empire.[15]
- July 23 – Konrad von Wallenrode, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights snce 1391, dies of a stroke ten days after opening a peace conference at Thorn.[11]
- July 30 – The return of the Montaldo faction to Genoa forces the Doge, Francesco di Garibaldo, to go into exile to allow the return of Antoniotto Montaldo, who had stepped down as Doge of Genoa 17 days earlier.[13][12]
- August 2 – At the age of 13, Enrique el Doliente, who succeded to the throne of the Crown of Castile upon the death of his father John I of Castile King Juan in 1390, dismisses his Regency Council and assumes full power as King Enrique III.[16]
- August 15 – Leopold IV, Duke of Austria marries Catherine of Burgundy, daughter of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.[17]
- August 29 – The conqueror Timur arrives with his army at the gates of Baghdad and Persian writer Nizam al-Din Shami will say later that he was the first to offer submission to the Amir of the Timurid Empire.[18]
- September 13 – Sir Walter Devereux, a prominent knight in the English county of Hertfordshire, is dispatched by King Richard II to suppress the Lollards, activists, led by Walter Brut seeking a reformation of the Catholic Church in the county.[19]
October – December
[edit | edit source]- October 3 – Walter Brut, a leader of the Lollards sect of Christian reformers, is put on trial for heresy before the Roman Catholic Bishop of Hereford, Thomas Trefnant. Brut is acquitted of the charges.[20]
- November 13 – King Richard II of England orders members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons to meet at Westminster on January 27.
- November 20 – The conqueror Timur of the Timurid Empire in the Middle East begins the three-week siege of Takrit in what is now Iraq.[21]
- November 30 – Konrad von Jungingen succeeds the late Konrad von Wallenrode, as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.[22][23]
- December 11 – After a three week long siege, the city of Takrit, described in contemporary accounts as "a bandit stronghold said to be impregnable," falls to the troops of the conqueror Timur.[21]
- December 15 – King Robert III of Scotland compensates the Monastery of Scone, where he had been crowned in 1390, for the expenses and inconvenience caused by his coronation and those of previous kings.[24]
- December 26 – Traders from the island of Java (now part of Indonesia) arrive in China for their first overseas commerce with the Chinese Empire.[25]
Date unknown
[edit | edit source]- George VII succeeds his popular father, Bagrat V, as King of Georgia.[26]
- Abdul Aziz II becomes Sultan of the Marinid dynasty in present-day Morocco, after the death of Sultan Abu Al-Abbas.[27]
- Raimondo Del Balzo Orsini succeeds Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, as Prince of Taranto (now southeastern Italy).[28]
- Samsenethai succeeds his father, Fa Ngum, as King of Lan Xang (now Laos).[29]
- King James I of Cyprus inherits the title of King of Armenia, after the death of his distant cousin Leo VI (although the Mamluk conquerors from Egypt remain the true rulers).[30]
- A Ming dynasty Chinese record states that 720,000 sheets of toilet paper (two by three ft. in size) alone have been produced for the various members of the imperial court at Beijing, while the Imperial Bureau of Supplies also reports that 15,000 sheets of toilet paper alone have been designated for the royal family (made of fine soft yellow tissue and perfumed).[31]
- Bosnia resists an invasion by the Ottoman Empire.
- The Ottoman Turks capture Turnovgrad (now Veliko Tarnovo), the capital city of east Bulgaria. Emperor Ivan Shishman is allowed to remain as puppet ruler of east Bulgaria.
- Despite his treaty with the king of Poland, Roman I of Moldavia supports Fyodor Koriatovych against the king. Losing the battle, he will also lose the throne of Moldavia the next year.
- Sikander Shah I succeeds Muhammad Shah III, as Sultan of Delhi. Sikander Shah I is succeeded two months later by Mahmud II.
- Abu Thabid II succeeds Abu Tashufin II, as ruler of the Abdalwadid dynasty in present-day eastern Algeria. Abu Thabid is succeeded in the same year by his brother, Abul Hadjdjadj I.
- Maelruanaidh MacDermot succeeds Aedh MacDermot, as King of Magh Luirg in north-central Ireland.
- King Stjepan Dabiša of Bosnia signs the Contract of Djakovice, establishing peace with King Sigismund of Hungary.[32]
- Byzantium loses Thessaly to the growing Ottoman Empire.[33]
- In her aim to form The Kalmar Union, Queen Margaret I of Denmark is laying siege to Stockholm, which is controlled by troops loyal to the former Swedish king Albert of Mecklenburg.[34][35]
Births
[edit | edit source]- February 3 – Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (d. 1455)[36]
- August 24 – Arthur III, Duke of Brittany (d. 1458)
- December – Margaret of Burgundy, Dauphine of France (d. 1442)
- date unknown
- John Capgrave, English theologian (d. 1464)
- Giovanni Antonio Del Balzo Orsini, Prince of Taranto (d. 1463)
- Anna of Moscow, Byzantine empress consort (d. 1417)[37]
- Osbern Bokenam, English Augustinian friar and poet
- Thomas de Morley, 5th Baron Morley
- Andrea Vendramin, Doge of Venice (d. 1478)
- Alvise Loredan, Venetian admiral and statesman (d. 1466)
Deaths
[edit | edit source]- March 7 – Bogislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania (b. c. 1350)
- March 23 – John of Nepomuk, saint
- March 29 - Shah Mansur, Ruler of the Muzaffarids
- June 6 – Emperor Go-En'yū of Japan, former Pretender to the throne (b. 1359)
- July 23 – Konrad von Wallenrode, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
- July 30 – Alberto d'Este, Lord of Ferrara and Modena (b. 1347)
- August 6 – John de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros (b. 1365)[38]
- November 29 – King Leo V of Armenia (b. c. 1342)
- date unknown
- Fa Ngum, founder of the Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang (b. 1316)
- Valentina Visconti, Queen of Cyprus
- King Bagrat V of Georgia
- Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad al-Mustansir, Sultan of the Marinid dynasty in Morocco
References
[edit | edit source]- ↑ Barbara Tuchman, A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century (New York: Ballantine, 1978) pp. 496=499 ISBN 978-0-345-34957-6
- ↑ [[[:Template:GBurl]] Chronological Table of the Statutes: Covering the Period from 1235 to the End of 1971] Check
|url=value (help). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1972. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-11-840096-1 – via Google Books. - ↑ Template:DBI
- ↑ Krčmář, Mgr. Luděk. "Saint John of Nepomuk". SJN.cz. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29.
If in 1369 John of Pomuk was a notary public, he must have been more than twenty years old. Thus he was probably born sometime between 1340 and 1350 [1349].
- ↑ TÜRKLER ANSİKLOPEDİSİ CİLT 8
- ↑ A. Péricaud, Notes et documents pour servir à l'histoire de Lyon, Bibli. universelle Michaud
- ↑ Aye Chan (2006). "Burma: Shan Domination in the Ava Period (c. AD 1310–1555)" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 94.
- ↑ . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. pp. 2–3. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.
- ↑ "Power, Governance and in Equality in Late Medieval Leiden", by Arie van Steensel, in A Companion to Medieval and Early Modern Leiden, ed. by Arie Van Steensel and Ariadne Schmidt (Brill, 2025) pp.123–124 ISBN 9789004734227
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Template:Cite ADB
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Montaldo, Antonio", by Riccardo Musso, in Dizionario biografico degli italiani, vol. 75, (Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2011)
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Buonadonna, Sergio; Mercenaro, Mario (2007). Rosso doge. I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797 [Red Doges: The Doges of the Republic of Genoa from 1339 to 1797]. Genoa: De Ferrari Editori.
- ↑ "Fregoso, Pietro", by Luca Amelotti, in Dizionario biografico degli italiani, vol. 50, (Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1998)
- ↑ Jireček, K. J. (1876). Geschichte der Bulgaren [History of Bulgaria] (in German). Nachdr. d. Ausg. Prag 1876. ISBN 3-487-06408-1.
- ↑ Gil González Dávila, de la vida y hechos del rey don Henrique tercero de Castilla (The life and times of King Henry III of Castile (1638)
- ↑ Vaughan, Richard (2002). Philip the Bold: The Formation of the Burgundian state. The Boydell Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-85115-915-7.
- ↑ Woods, John E. (1987). "The Rise of Tīmūrid Historiography". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 46 (2): 85.
- ↑ William Henry Cooke, Collections Towards the History and Antiquities of the County of Hereford in continuation of Duncumb's History. Hundred of Grimsworth (London: John Murray, publisher, 1892) p.12
- ↑ Herbert B. Workman (2012). John Wyclif: A Study of the English Medieval Church, Volume 2. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 337. ISBN 9781620325704.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Robert Firth, Beat the Drum Slowly ISBN 9781456608408, (Ebookit.com, 2013)
- ↑ Friedrich Borchert: "Die Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens in Preußen." In: Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung, 6 October 2001.
- ↑ Carlqvist, Gunnar, red (1933). Svensk uppslagsbok. Bd 14. Malmö: Svensk Uppslagsbok AB. sid. 729 (Swedish).
- ↑ "Beyond the Wars of Independence: Protest, Confrontation and Popular Politics", in Protest, Resistance and Popular Politics in Late Medieval Scotland, by Gordon McKelvie (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025) p.47 ISBN 9789812303295
- ↑ "The Opening of Relations Between China and Malacca", by Wang Gungwu, in Admiral Zheng He & Southeast Asia (International Zheng He Society, 2005) p.3
- ↑ Rayfield, Donald (2017). Georgia. Crossroads of Empires. A history of three thousand years(in Russian). Moscow: ABC-Atticus. ISBN 978-5-389-12944-3
- ↑ Ilahiane, Hsain (2006-07-17). Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6490-0.
- ↑ Toomaspoeg, Kristjan (2013). "ORSINI DEL BALZO, Raimondo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (in Italian). Vol. 79.
- ↑ Stuart-Fox, Martin (1998). The Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang: Rise and Decline. White Lotus Press.
- ↑ Chris Schabel, "Like God from Heaven, but they don’t call him King. The Rebellion against James I of Cyprus [article]," Cahiers du Centre d’Études Chypriotes Année 2013 43 pp. 379-392. https://www.persee.fr/doc/cchyp_0761-8271_2013_num_43_1_1075. Accessed 2025-01-19.
- ↑ Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Paper and Printing. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
- ↑ Ćirković, Sima (1964). Историја средњовековне босанске државе (in Serbo-Croatian). Srpska književna zadruga, p. 170.
- ↑ Savvides, Alexis (1998). "Splintered Medieval Hellenism : The Semi-Autonomous State of Thessaly (A.d. 1213/1222 to 1454/1470) and ITS Place in History". Byzantion. 68 (2): 416. JSTOR 44172339.
Following the Ottoman capture of Larissa in 1392/1393, the Turkish forces moved southward towards Hellas and invaded the Peloponnese, which had already experienced their initial devastations; the next decades would witness the building-up of local resistance in Thessaly on the part of sections of Greeks, Albanians and Vlachs, who had taken to the mountains
- ↑ Lindkvist, Thomas. Margaret I of Denmark at Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon
- ↑ Etting, Vivian (2004). Queen Margrete I (1353–1412) and the Founding of the Nordic Union. Brill. ISBN 978-9047404798.
- ↑ Richard Lomas (1999). A Power in the Land: The Percys. Tuckwell Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-86232-067-3.
- ↑ Anne Commire; Deborah Klezmer (1999). Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Yorkin Publications. p. 360. ISBN 978-0-7876-4080-4.
- ↑ Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study In Colonial And Medieval Families, 2nd Edition, 2011. Douglas Richardson. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-4610-4513-7.