Aita
Aita (Template:Langx), also spelled Eita (Template:Langx), is an epithet of the Etruscan chthonic fire god Śuri[1][2][3][4] as god of the underworld, roughly equivalent to the Greek god Hades (Template:Langx).[5]
Images
[edit]Aita is a relatively late addition to the Etruscan pantheon, appearing in iconography and in Etruscan texts beginning in the 4th century BC, and is heavily influenced by his Greek counterpart, Hades.[6][7] Aita is pictured in only a few instances in Etruscan tomb painting, such as in the Golini Tomb from Orvieto and the tomb of Orcus II from Tarquinia.[8] In these tomb paintings, he is shown with his consort Persipnei (Template:Langx), also spelled Phersipnai (Template:Langx), the Etruscan equivalent of the Greek Persephone.[9]
Although Aita is very rarely depicted, he may appear enthroned and sometimes wears a wolf cap, borrowing a key attribute from the earlier Etruscan underworld wolf deity, named Calu.[10] Other examples of Aita in Etruscan art depict his abduction of Persipnei. Aside from tomb painting, Aita may be identified in a few examples in other media, including a 4th-century painted vase from Vulci, two 2nd-century alabaster ash urns from Volterra, and a red-figure 4th–3rd century Oinochoe.[11]
References
[edit]- ↑ Servius 380b, 11.785.
- ↑ De Grummond 2004, p. 359.
- ↑ National Etruscan Museum.
- ↑ Maras 2010.
- ↑ De Grummond 2006, p. 231.
- ↑ Jannot 2005, pp. 153–154.
- ↑ Helmut Rix, 1991. Etruskische Texte. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
- ↑ De Grummond 2006, pp. 229–231.
- ↑ Jannot 2005, pp. 66–67, 153–154.
- ↑ Elliott 1995, pp. 17–33.
- ↑ Krauskopf 1988, pp. 394–399.
Bibliography
[edit]- De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2004). "For the Mother and for the Daughter: Some Thoughts on Dedications from Etruria and Praeneste". Hesperia Supplements. The American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 33: 351–370. ISBN 9780876615331. JSTOR 1354077.
- De Grummond, Nancy Thomson (2006). Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. ISBN 9781931707862.
- De Grummond, Nancy Thomson; Simon, Erika, eds. (2006). The Religion of the Etruscans. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292782334.
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- Elliott, John (1995-01-01). "The Etruscan Wolfman in Myth and Ritual". Etruscan Studies. 2 (1): 17–33. doi:10.1515/etst.1995.2.1.17. S2CID 194102662.
- Jannot, Jean-René (2005). Religion in Ancient Etruria. Translated by Whitehead, J.K. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 9780299208448.
- Lecce, Vittoria. "Novembre e il dio Suri - Il Nero Signore" (in Italian). Museo Nazionale Etrusco.
- Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae. I–VIII. Zurich, Munich, Düsseldorf: Artemis & Winkler Verlag. 1981–1999. ISBN 3-7608-8751-1.
- Krauskopf, Ingrid (1988). "Aita/Calu". In LIMC. IV. pp. 394–399.
- Maras, Daniele F. (2010). "Suri. Il nero signore degli inferi". Archeo (in Italian). No. 305. Archived from the original on 2014-12-10.
- Servius (380). Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil (in Latin). I–XII. Georgius Thilo – via Perseus Digital Library.
- Servius (380a). Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil (in Latin). X. 199 – via Perseus Digital Library.
- Servius (380b). Commentary on the Aeneid of Vergil (in Latin). XI. 785 – via Perseus Digital Library.