Demographics of Panama

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Template:Infobox place demographics

This is a demography of the population of Panama including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. Panama's 2020 census has been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic but the government are currently assessing additional implications. They are evaluating the preparatory processes that can begin now[when?], such as procurement.[1]

Population size and structure

[edit]

Template:Historical populations

Panama's population was Template:UN Population people in Template:UN Population, compared to 860,000 in 1950.Template:UN Population The proportion of the population aged below 15 in 2010 was 29%. 64.5% of the population were aged between 15 and 65, with 6.6% of the population being 65 years or older.[2]

Total population
(x 1000) 		Proportion
aged 0–14
(%) 		Proportion
aged 15–64
(%) 		Proportion
aged 65+
(%)
1950 860 40.2 55.7 4.1
1955 983 41.8 54.1 4.1
1960 1 136 42.9 52.8 4.3
1965 1 319 43.8 51.8 4.4
1970 1 526 43.9 51.8 4.3
1975 1 754 42.8 52.8 4.4
1980 1 990 40.4 55.0 4.6
1985 2 233 37.6 57.6 4.7
1990 2 487 35.2 59.9 5.0
1995 2 757 33.3 61.5 5.2
2000 3 055 31.8 62.6 5.5
2005 3 366 30.4 63.7 5.9
2010 3 678 29.0 64.5 6.6
2015 4 080 28.1 64.6 7.3


Structure of the population

[edit]
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2013) (Data refer to projections based on the 2010 Population Census.):[3]
Age group Male Female Total %
Total 1 934 264 1 916 471 3 850 735 100
0-4 187 797 179 822 367 619 9.55
5-9 184 487 176 909 361 396 9.39
10-14 180 579 173 379 353 958 9,19
15-19 170 895 164 639 335 534 8,71
20-24 160 414 155 878 316 292 8.21
25-29 154 493 150 986 305 479 7.93
30-34 147 618 144 488 292 106 7.59
35-39 140 942 138 936 279 878 7.27
40-44 130 725 130 042 260 767 6.77
45-49 113 877 114 213 228 090 5.92
50-54 96 564 98 076 194 640 5.05
55-59 76 084 78 641 154 725 4.02
60-64 58 974 62 105 121 079 3.14
65-69 45 360 48 700 94 060 2.44
70-74 33 839 37 313 71 152 1.85
75-79 23 622 27 020 50 642 1.32
80-84 14 944 17 956 32 900 0.85
85-89 8 174 10 458 18 632 0.48
90-94 3 573 4 938 8 511 0,22
95-99 1 119 1 678 2 797 0.07
100+ 184 294 478 0.01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 552 863 530 110 1 082 973 28.12
15-64 1 250 586 1 238 004 2 488 590 64.63
65+ 130 815 148 357 279 172 7.25
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2021) (Data based on the 2010 Population Census.): [4]
Age group Male Female Total %
Total 2 173 761 2 163 645 4 337 406 100
0–4 188 707 180 605 369 312 8.51
5–9 188 786 180 836 369 622 8.52
10–14 186 177 178 516 364 693 8.41
15–19 184 931 177 805 362 736 8.36
20–24 179 023 173 354 352 377 8.12
25–29 166 836 163 323 330 159 7.61
30–34 158 793 156 785 315 578 7.28
35–39 152 777 150 905 303 682 7.00
40–44 145 734 144 050 289 784 6.68
45–49 136 697 136 413 273 110 6.30
50–54 121 428 122 735 244 163 5.63
55–59 102 281 105 070 207 351 4.78
60–64 82 346 86 597 168 943 3.90
65-69 61 869 67 091 128 960 2.97
70-74 45 329 50 809 96 138 2.22
75-79 31 963 37 293 69 256 1.60
80-84 20 693 25 375 46 068 1.06
85-89 11 689 15 209 26 898 0.62
90-94 5 433 7 528 12 961 0.30
95-99 1 894 2 777 4 671 0.11
100+ 375 569 944 0.02
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 563 670 539 957 1 103 627 25.44
15–64 1 430 846 1 417 037 2 847 883 65.66
65+ 179 245 206 651 385 896 8.90

2020 Statistics

[edit]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 2,144,802 2,133,698 4,278,500 100
85+ 18,483 24,818 43,301 1.01
80-84 19,871 24,313 44,184 1.03
75-80 30,773 35,841 66,614 1.56
70-75 43,590 48,775 92,365 2.16
65-69 59,351 64,385 123,736 2.89
60-64 78,840 82,999 161,839 3.78
55-59 99,474 102,273 201,747 4.72
50-54 118,116 119,439 237,555 5.55
45-49 134,702 134,564 269,266 6.29
40-44 144,249 142,660 286,909 6.71
35-39 151,334 149,273 300,607 7.03
30-34 157,658 155,574 313,232 7.32
25-29 164,397 161,047 325,444 7.61
20-24 176,772 171,243 348,015 8.13
15-19 184,134 177,065 361,199 8.44
10-14 185,734 178,125 363,859 8.50
5-9 188,401 180,480 368,881 8.62
0-4 188,923 180,824 369,747 8.64


Age Group Male. in 1000s Female in 1000s % of total % Males of total Males % Females of total Females
Total
2,144 / 4,278 (50%)
2,133 / 4,278 (50%)
4,278 / 4,278 (100%)
2,144 / 2,144 (100%)
2,133 / 2,133 (100%)
85+
18 / 43 (42%)
24 / 43 (56%)
43 / 4,278 (1%)
18 / 2,144 (0.8%)
24 / 2,133 (1%)
80-84
20 / 44 (45%)
24 / 44 (55%)
44 / 4,278 (1%)
20 / 2,144 (0.9%)
24 / 2,133 (1%)
75-80
31 / 67 (46%)
36 / 67 (54%)
67 / 4,278 (2%)
31 / 2,144 (1%)
36 / 2,133 (2%)
70-75
44 / 92 (48%)
49 / 92 (53%)
92 / 4,278 (2%)
44 / 2,144 (2%)
49 / 2,133 (2%)
65-69
60 / 124 (48%)
64 / 124 (52%)
124 / 4,278 (3%)
60 / 2,144 (3%)
64 / 2,133 (3%)
60-64
79 / 162 (49%)
83 / 162 (51%)
162 / 4,278 (4%)
79 / 2,144 (4%)
83 / 2,133 (4%)
55-59
99 / 202 (49%)
102 / 202 (50%)
202 / 4,278 (5%)
99 / 2,144 (5%)
102 / 2,133 (5%)
50-54
118 / 238 (50%)
119 / 238 (50%)
238 / 4,278 (6%)
118 / 2,144 (6%)
119 / 2,133 (6%)
45-49
135 / 269 (50%)
135 / 269 (50%)
269 / 4,278 (6%)
135 / 2,144 (6%)
135 / 2,133 (6%)
40-44
144 / 287 (50%)
143 / 287 (50%)
287 / 4,278 (7%)
144 / 2,144 (7%)
143 / 2,133 (7%)
35-39
151 / 301 (50%)
149 / 301 (50%)
301 / 4,278 (7%)
151 / 2,144 (7%)
149 / 2,133 (7%)
30-34
158 / 313 (50%)
156 / 313 (50%)
313 / 4,278 (7%)
158 / 2,144 (7%)
156 / 2,133 (7%)
25-29
164 / 325 (50%)
161 / 325 (50%)
325 / 4,278 (8%)
164 / 2,144 (8%)
161 / 2,133 (8%)
20-24
177 / 348 (51%)
171 / 348 (49%)
348 / 4,278 (8%)
177 / 2,144 (8%)
171 / 2,133 (8%)
15-19
184 / 361 (51%)
177 / 361 (49%)
361 / 4,278 (8%)
184 / 2,144 (9%)
177 / 2,133 (8%)
10-14
186 / 364 (51%)
178 / 364 (49%)
364 / 4,278 (9%)
186 / 2,144 (9%)
187 / 2,133 (9%)
5-9
188 / 369 (51%)
180 / 369 (49%)
369 / 4,278 (9%)
188 / 2,144 (9%)
180 / 2,133 (8%)
0-4
189 / 370 (51%)
181 / 370 (49%)
370 / 4,278 (9%)
189 / 2,144 (9%)
181 / 2,133 (8%)

[lower-alpha 1]

Population distribution

[edit]

Source:[5]

More than half the population lives in the Panama City-Colón metropolitan corridor.

Template:Table alignment

Province Capital city Population
(census 2000) 		Population
(census 2010) 		Population
(census 2023)
Bocas del Toro Bocas del Toro 89,269 125,461 159,228
Coclé Penonomé 202,461 233,788 268,264
Colón Colón 204,208 241,928 281,956
Chiriquí David 368,790 416,873 471,071
Darién La Palma 40,264 48,378 54,235
Herrera Chitré 102,465 109,955 122,071
Los Santos Las Tablas 83,495 89,592 98,466
Panamá Ciudad de Panamá 1,388,357 1,713,070 1,439,575
Panamá Oeste Province 653,665
Veraguas Santiago 209,076 226,991 259,791
Comarca Capital city Population
Emberá-Wounaan Unión Choco 8,246 10,001 12,358
Kuna de Madugandí N/D N/D N/D
Kuna Yala El Porvenir 32,446 33,109 32,016
Kuna de Wargandí N/D N/D N/D
Ngäbe-Buglé Buabidi 110,080 156,747 212,084

Vital statistics

[edit]

UN estimates

[edit]

Registration of vital events (especially deaths) was in Panama not complete until the end of the 20th century. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.[2]

Period Live births
per year 		Deaths
per year 		Natural change
per year 		CBR* CDR* NC* TFR* IMR* Life expectancy
total 		Life expectancy
males 		Life expectancy
females
1950-1955 38 000 11 000 27 000 41.4 12.0 29.5 5.76 92 56.8 55.9 57.8
1955-1960 44 000 11 000 33 000 41.7 10.6 31.1 5.87 80 59.5 58.6 60.5
1960-1965 50 000 11 000 39 000 40.9 9.2 31.6 5.79 68 62.1 61.1 63.3
1965-1970 55 000 12 000 44 000 38.8 8.1 30.7 5.41 58 64.3 63.2 65.6
1970-1975 59 000 11 000 48 000 36.1 7.0 29.2 4.88 48 66.7 65.1 68.5
1975-1980 61 000 11 000 50 000 32.5 5.9 26.6 4.19 39 69.2 67.2 71.5
1980-1985 62 000 11 000 51 000 29.5 5.4 24.1 3.63 34 71.0 68.6 73.7
1985-1990 64 000 12 000 53 000 27.3 5.1 22.3 3.24 29 72.4 69.6 75.4
1990-1995 67 000 13 000 54 000 25.5 4.9 20.6 2.96 26 73.6 70.8 76.5
1995-2000 71 000 14 000 57 000 24.6 4.8 19.8 2.87 24 74.6 72.2 77.2
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Registered births and deaths

[edit]

[3][6]

Template:Sticky-headerTemplate:Sort underTemplate:Table alignment

Year Population Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase Crude migration rate TFR
1952 901,302 29,013 6,791 22,222 36.0 8.4 27.6
1953 924,969 31,428 7,638 23,790 37.9 9.2 28.7 -2.5
1954 949,975 33,521 7,511 26,010 39.3 8.8 30.5 -3.8
1955 976,284 34,592 8,059 26,533 39.4 9.2 30.2 -3
1956 1,003,903 35,582 8,352 27,230 39.3 9.2 30.1 -2.4
1957 1,032,904 37,743 8,656 29,087 40.5 9.3 31.2 -3
1958 1,063,318 37,733 8,364 29,369 39.3 8.7 30.6 -1.9
1959 1,095,201 40,296 8,959 31,337 40.8 9.1 31.7 -2.5
1960 1,128,327 42,359 8,827 33,532 39.9 8.3 31.6 -1.9 5.254
1961 1,162,672 44,207 8,851 35,356 40.4 8.1 32.3 -2.5
1962 1,198,369 46,274 8,239 38,035 41.1 7.3 33.8 -3.9
1963 1,235,291 46,656 9,239 37,417 40.2 8.0 32.2 -2.9
1964 1,273,250 47,419 8,743 38,676 39.6 7.3 32.3 -3.2
1965 1,312,121 48,377 9,035 39,342 39.2 7.3 31.9 -2.9 5.191
1966 1,351,853 49,394 9,184 40,210 38.9 7.2 31.7 -2.8
1967 1,392,459 50,795 8,938 41,857 38.8 6.8 32.0 -3.3
1968 1,434,024 52,489 9,568 42,921 38.9 7.1 31.8 -3.3
1969 1,476,580 52,799 9,791 43,008 38.0 7.0 31.0 -2.6
1970 1,519,923 53,287 10,225 43,062 37.1 7.1 30.0 -1.5 5.041
1971 1,563,870 54,948 9,857 45,091 37.2 6.7 30.5 -2.3
1972 1,608,308 54,910 9,076 45,834 36.0 6.0 30.0 -2.2
1973 1,653,083 52,091 9,161 42,930 33.2 5.8 27.4 -0.1
1974 1,698,053 52,772 9,001 43,771 32. 6 5.6 27.0 -0.2
1975 1,743,069 53,790 8,683 45,107 32.3 5.2 27.1 -0.8 4.254
1976 1,788,186 53,002 8,564 44,438 30.8 5.0 25.8 -0.1
1977 1,833,581 52,722 8,036 44,686 29.8 4.5 25.3 -0.2
1978 1,879,377 53,040 7,555 45,485 29.1 4.1 25.0 -0.5
1979 1,925,621 52,919 8,192 44,727 28.2 4.4 23.8 0.1
1980 1,972,462 52,626 7,959 44,667 26.9 4.1 22.8 0.5 3.443
1981 2,019,865 53,873 7,976 45,897 26.9 4.0 22.9 0.9
1982 2,067,647 54,491 8,142 46,349 26.7 4.0 22.7 0.7
1983 2,115,781 55,222 8,499 46,723 26.4 4.1 22.3 0.6
1984 2,164,281 56,659 8,250 48,409 26.5 3.9 22.6 -0.1
1985 2,213,209 58,038 8,991 49,047 26.6 4.1 22.5 -0.4 3.199
1986 2,262,571 57,655 8,942 48,713 25.9 4.0 21.9 -0.2
1987 2,312,359 57,647 9,105 48,542 25.3 4.0 21.3 0
1988 2,362,523 58,459 9,382 49,077 25.2 4.0 21.2 -0.2
1989 2,413,043 59,069 9,557 49,512 25.1 4.1 21.0 -0.3
1990 2,463,727 59,904 9,799 50,105 25.0 4.1 20.9 -0.6 2.884
1991 2,514,940 60,080 9,683 50,397 24.6 4.0 20.6 0.5
1992 2,567,277 59,905 10,143 49,762 24.1 4.1 20.0 1
1993 2,620,647 59,191 10,669 48,522 23.3 4.2 19.1 1.6
1994 2,675,038 59,947 10,983 48,964 23.2 4.3 18.9 1.6
1995 2,730,591 61,939 11,032 50,907 23.5 4.2 19.3 1 2.718
1996 2,787,492 63,401 11,161 52,240 23.7 4.2 19.5 0.8
1997 2,846,042 68,009 12,179 55,830 25.0 4.5 20.5 -0.3
1998 2,905,965 62,351 11,824 50,527 22.6 4.3 18.3 1.9
1999 2,966,362 64,248 11,938 52,310 22.9 4.2 18.7 1.3
2000 3,026,993 64,839 11,841 52,998 22.7 4.1 18.6 1.3 2.672
2001 3,086,251 63,900 12,442 51,458 21.3 4.1 17.2 2.6 2.509
2002 3,144,898 61,671 12,428 49,243 20.2 4.1 16.1 3.5 2.393
2003 3,203,629 61,753 13,248 48,505 19.8 4.3 15.5 3.8 2.368
2004 3,262,502 62,743 13,475 49,268 19.8 4.2 15.6 3.3 2.379
2005 3,321,578 63,645 14,180 49,465 19.7 4.4 15.3 3.3 2.388
2006 3,380,985 65,764 14,358 51,406 20.0 4.4 15.6 2.7 2.441
2007 3,440,991 67,364 14,775 52,589 19.4 4.3 15.1 2.8 2.477
2008 3,501,700 68,759 15,115 53,644 19.4 4.3 15.1 2.5 2.506
2009 3,563,355 68,364 15,498 52,866 19.0 4.3 14.7 2.5 2.466
2010 3,626,670 67,955 16,542 51,413 18.6 4.5 14.1 2.8 2.430
2011 3,692,023 73,292 16,367 56,925 19.7 4.4 15.3 1.3 2.466
2012 3,759,498 75,486 17,350 58,136 19.9 4.6 15.3 1.5 2.511
2013 3,829,455 73,804 17,767 56,037 19.2 4.6 14.6 1.8 2.428
2014 3,901,544 75,183 18,171 57,012 19.2 4.6 14.6 1.4 2.447
2015 3,975,949 75,901 18,182 57,719 19.1 4.6 14.5 1.1 2.445
2016 4,052,058 75,184 18,882 56,302 18.6 4.7 13.9 1.4 2.424
2017 4,128,000 76,166 19,482 56,684 18.6 4.8 13.8 1.1 2.403
2018 4,201,112 76,863 19,720 57,143 18.5 4.7 13.7 0.8 2.400
2019 4,269,777 72,456 20,049 52,407 17.2 4.8 12.4 1.8 2.240
2020 4,331,049 69,945 25,151 44,794 16.1 5.8 10.3 3.6 2.142
2021 4,385,682 66,498 24,663 41,835 15.2 5.6 9.5 4 2.020
2022 4,440,735 63,920 22,860 41,060 14.4 5.1 9.2 3.9 1.923
2023 4,496,166 59,907 21,735 38,172 13.3 4.8 8.5 4.3 1.786
2024 4,548,681 59,729 23,206 36,523 13.1 5.1 8.0 4.5 1.793
2025 4,598,365 55,340 19,719 35,621

(p)=preliminary data

Ethnic groups

[edit]

Ethnic groups in Panama (2010 est.)[7]

  Mestizos (mixed Amerindian and European/White) (65%)
  Native Panamanians (Ngabe 7.6%, Kuna 2.4%, Embera 0.9%, Bugle 0.8%, other 0.4%, unspecified 0.2%) (12.3%)
  Black or African descent (9.2%)
  Mulattos (6.8%)
  White or European descent (6.7%)

The culture, customs, and language of Panama are predominantly Caribbean Spanish. In 2010 the population was 65% Mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian), 12.3% Native Panamanians, 9.2% black, 6.8% mulattoes, and 6.7% white.[7] According to the 2023 census 17.2% of the population were native Panamanians, 31.7% was of (part) African descent, while the remainder (51%) were mestizo (mixed European and Amerindian) and whites.[8]

Indigenous Panamanians

[edit]
Population of Panama according to ethnic group[8]
Ethnic
group 		Census 1990 Census 2000 Census 2010 Census 2023
Number % Number % Number % Number %
Amerindian 194,269 8.3 285,231 10.0 417,559 12.3 698,114 17.2
Non-indigenous 2,135,060 91.7 2,553,946 90.0 2,988,254 87.7 3,366,666 82.8
Total 2,329,329 2,839,177 3,405,813 4,064,780

Template:Indigenous population of Panama

European Panamanians

[edit]

European Panamanians or Caucasian ethnic groups in Panama include Spanish, British and Irish, Dutch, French, Germans, Italians, Portuguese, Poles, Russians or Ukrainians (a large number are Jews), Greeks, and Americans.[citation needed]

Asian Panamanians

[edit]

Panama has a considerable population of Asian origin; in particular those of Chinese and West Asian (Lebanese, Palestinian, and Syrian) origin. The first Chinese immigrated to Panama from southern China in the 19th century to help build the Panama Railroad. There followed several waves of immigrants, especially after the 1970s, when the ensuing decades saw up to 80,000 immigrants from all over China. At least 50,000 Panamanians are ethnically Chinese, though some estimates count as many as 135,000. Most of the Chinese population reside in the province of Chiriquí. Some studies suggest that almost 1 million Panamanians have at least one Chinese ancestor.[9][10]

African Panamanians

[edit]

Afro-Panamanians first arrived during the colonial era. They are intermixed in the general population or live in small Afro-Panamanian communities along the Atlantic Coast and in villages within the Darién jungle. Most of the people in Darien are fishermen or small-scale farmers growing crops such as bananas, rice and coffee as well as raising livestock. Other Afro-Panamanians descend from later migrants from the Caribbean who came to work on railroad-construction projects, commercial agricultural enterprises, and (especially) the canal. Important Afro-Caribbean community areas include towns and cities such as Colón, Cristobal and Balboa, in the former Canal Zone, as well as the Río Abajo area of Panama City. Another region with a large Afro-Caribbean population is the province of Bocas del Toro on the Caribbean coast just south of Costa Rica.[11]

Most of the Panamanian population of West Indian descent owe their presence in the country to the monumental efforts to build the Panama Canal in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Three-quarters of the 50,000 workers who built the canal were Afro-Caribbean migrants from the British West Indies. Thousands of Afro-Caribbean workers were recruited from Jamaica, Barbados and Trinidad.[11]

Languages

[edit]

Many languages, including seven indigenous languages, are spoken in Panama, although Spanish is the official and dominant language. The local variant is Panamanian Spanish. English is sometimes spoken by many professionals and those working in the business or governmental sectors of society.

Indigenous languages include Buglere, Guaymí, Guna, Northern Embera and Teribe. Bocas del Toro Creole is also spoken.

Religion

[edit]

Religion in Panama (2013)[7]

  Roman Catholic (85%)
  Protestants (15%)
Further information: Religion in Panama

The majority of Panamanians are Christian; most are Roman Catholics as a result centuries of Spanish colonial influence. Other faiths exist in Panama by the country's tolerance and freedom of religion, there are large Protestant, Jewish, Bahá'í, Muslim and Hindu religious groups in Panama.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ This is an attempt to dynamically display a population pyramid for this data. The pyramid is canted to the left and the Male Data is made negative to create the image as close to what is desired as possible.

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Technical Brief on the Implications of COVID-19 on Census (PDF). UNFPA. 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat". World Population Prospects (2012 Revision ed.). 2012. Archived from the original on 6 May 2011.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Demographic Yearbook". United Nations Statistics Division.[not specific enough to verify]
  4. ↑ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-05-10.
  5. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named census 1911-2023 inec
  6. ↑ "Estadísticas Vitales - Volumen II - Nacimientos Vivos y Defunciones Fetales". Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo - INEC.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Panama". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 20 August 2025. Archived from the original on 2025-07-15.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 https://www.inec.gob.pa Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censo (INEC)
  9. ↑ Jackson, Eric (May 2004). "Panama's Chinese community celebrates a birthday, meets new challenges". The Panama News. 10 (9). Archived from the original on September 16, 2007. Retrieved November 7, 2007.
  10. ↑ "President Chen's State Visit to Panama". Government Information Office, Republic of China. October 2003. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved November 7, 2007.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Panama : Afro-Panamanians". Minority Rights Group International. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2010.

  This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook website https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/.

[edit]
  • (in Spanish) Official website – Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo - Panamá

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