Dulce, New Mexico

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Dulce, New Mexico
Census-designated place
Location of Dulce, New Mexico.
Location of Dulce, New Mexico.
Template:Location map
Coordinates: 36°56′32″N 106°59′33″W / 36.94222°N 106.99250°W / 36.94222; -106.99250Coordinates: 36°56′32″N 106°59′33″W / 36.94222°N 106.99250°W / 36.94222; -106.99250
CountryUnited States
StateNew Mexico
CountyRio Arriba
Area
[1]
 • TotalTemplate:Infobox settlement/areadisp
 • LandTemplate:Infobox settlement/areadisp
 • WaterTemplate:Infobox settlement/areadisp
Elevation
[2]
Template:Infobox settlement/lengthdisp
Population
 (2020)[3]
 • Total2,788
 • DensityTemplate:Infobox settlement/densdisp
Time zoneUTC-7 (Mountain (MST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-6 (MDT)
ZIP code
87528
Area code(s)575
FIPS code35-21390
GNIS feature ID2408695[2]

Dulce (/ˈdʌlsiː/ or /ˈduːsiː/; Template:Langx)[4] is a census-designated place (CDP) in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, United States. As of the 2020 census, Dulce had a population of 2,788.[5] It is almost entirely Native American.[6] It is the largest community and tribal headquarters of the Jicarilla Apache Reservation.

History

Dulce was founded by the Gomez family as a ranching operation.[citation needed] The original name was "Agua Dulce," Spanish for sweet water because of the presence of natural springs that provided good drinking water for the people and their animals. The original homestead was founded in 1877 by Jose Eugenio Gomez. The Jicarilla Apache reservation was established in 1887 when the Apache people were forced into a reservation. The Gomez Ranch is currently kept under Manuel Gomez ownership, though surrounded by reservation land.[citation needed]

The Denver & Rio Grande Railroad constructed its San Juan Extension through Dulce in 1882,[7] and a post office was established in 1892.[8] A sawmill was established here, and a logging railroad running southwest as far as Mills Lake from about 1914, both of which closed around 1930.[7]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 12.9 square miles (33 km2), of which 12.8 square miles (33 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (0.8%) is water.[6]

Demographics

Template:US Census population

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, Dulce had a population of 2,788. The median age was 31.5 years. 30.9% of residents were under the age of 18 and 9.3% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 97.3 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 96.6 males age 18 and over.[9][10]

0.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas.[11]

There were 917 households in Dulce, of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 28.9% were married-couple households, 23.8% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 36.1% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[9]

There were 1,105 housing units, of which 17.0% were vacant. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5% and the rental vacancy rate was 14.1%.[9]

Racial composition as of the 2020 census[10]
Race Number Percent
White 53 1.9%
Black or African American 31 1.1%
American Indian and Alaska Native 2,443 87.6%
Asian 47 1.7%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 1 0.0%
Some other race 53 1.9%
Two or more races 160 5.7%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 315 11.3%

2010 census

By 2010, the population had increased 4.8% to 2,743 people. The population quoted above for 2000 is slightly off. The Census Bureau reports 2,618 people at that time; perhaps there was a revision of the 2000 figures.[12]

2000 census

As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 2,623 people, 779 households, and 595 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 202.6 inhabitants per square mile (78.2/km2). There were 899 housing units at an average density of 69.4 per square mile (26.8/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP is 3.43% White, 0.04% African American, 90.66% Native American, 4.35% from other races, and 1.52% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.74% of the population.

There were 779 households, out of which 48.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.8% were married couples living together, 28.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.6% were non-families. 19.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.34 and the average family size was 3.83.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 40.0% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 16.3% from 45 to 64, and 4.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,818, and the median income for a family was $29,402. Males had a median income of $26,055 versus $21,623 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $10,108. About 24.8% of families and 29.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.6% of those under age 18 and 41.4% of those age 65 or over.

Climate

Dulce is the southernmost urban area with a subarctic humid continental climate in North America (Köppen: Dfc) where summer is mild and short due to high altitude and rigorous winter. Going further south than the Dfb in low altitude and in latitude similar to the southern limit of the Dfa in the center of the country.[14] Template:Weather box

Education

Children from Dulce attend the schools of Dulce Independent Schools,[15] ISD 21, which has approximately 650 students from kindergarten to high school.[16]

The Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) maintained the Jicarilla Dormitory, which took students in grades 1-12.[17]

Jicarilla Public Library is in Dulce.[18]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Template:GNIS
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly
  4. ↑ Wilhelmina Phone; Maureen Olson; Matilda Martinez (2007), Dictionary of Jicarilla Apache / Abáachi Mizaa Iłkeeʼ Siijai, University of New Mexico Press
  5. ↑ "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2026.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "2010 Census Gazetteer Files - Places: New Mexico". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Myrick, David, ‘’New Mexico’s Railroads, A Historic Survey’’, University of New Mexico Press 1990. ISBN 0-8263-1185-7
  8. ↑ Pearce, T.M., editor, New Mexico Place Names, A Geographical Dictionary, University of New Mexico Press 1965. ISBN 0-8263-0082-0
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2026.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2026.
  11. ↑ "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)". United States Census Bureau. 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2026.
  12. ↑ "Dulce, NM Population - Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map". Archived from the original on July 1, 2016. Retrieved August 5, 2023.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  13. ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  14. ↑ "Interactive United States Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Map". www.plantmaps.com. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
  15. ↑ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Rio Arriba County, NM" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 12, 2022. - Text list
  16. ↑ "Dulce Independent School District No. 21". Dulce Schools Board of Education. 2007. Archived from the original on January 3, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2008. School District No. 21 consists of an elementary school, a middle school and a high school, together educating close to 650 children from the local community.
  17. ↑ "Jicarilla Dormitory". Bureau of Indian Education. Archived from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved March 15, 2023.
  18. ↑ "Tribal Libraries Program Overview". New Mexico State Library. Retrieved July 14, 2022.

Template:Rio Arriba County, New Mexico

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