Economy of Uruguay
The economy of Uruguay features an export-oriented agricultural sector and a well-educated workforce, along with high levels of social spending. Tourism and banking are also prominent sectors; Uruguay acts as a regional hub for international finance and tourism. The country also has a history and representation of advanced workers-rights protection, with unions and the eight-hour work-day protected at the beginning of the 20th century.
90% of the country's population is urbanized, while most of the industry and over half of the population is concentrated in the capital Montevideo.[1]
After averaging growth of 5% annually during 1996–98, Uruguay's economy suffered a major downturn in 1999–2002, stemming largely from the spillover effects of the economic problems of its large neighbors; Argentina and Brazil. In 2001–02, Argentine citizens made massive withdrawals of dollars deposited in Uruguayan banks after bank deposits in Argentina were frozen, which led to a plunge in the Uruguayan peso, causing the 2002 Uruguay banking crisis.
History
19th century
In the 19th century, the country had similar characteristics to other Latin American countries: caudillismo, civil wars and permanent instability (40 revolts between 1830 and 1903), foreign capitalism's control of important sectors of the economy, a high percentage of illiterate people (more than half the population in 1900). Among foreign investments, investors from Great Britain controlled 22% of the land and many majors parts of the industrial infrastructure, including meatpacking and leather industry, infrastructure for water and gas, and transport systems like trolley and 1100 miles of rail.[1]
In 1857, the first nationally owned bank, Banco Comercial, was founded.[2]
Reforms after Batlle
José Batlle y Ordóñez, President from 1903 to 1907 and again from 1911 to 1915, set the pattern for Uruguay's modern political development and dominated the political scene until he died in 1929. Batlle introduced widespread political, social, and economic reforms such as a welfare program, government participation in many facets of the economy, and a new constitution.[3]
Batlle nationalized foreign-owned companies and created a modern social welfare system. Income tax for lower incomes was abolished in 1905, secondary schools established in every city (1906), telephone network nationalized, unemployment benefits were introduced (1914), eight-hour working day introduced (1915), etc.[3][1] By 1929, 84% of manufacturing was concentrated in a handful of industries: meatpacking, leather and wool.[1] Industrial policies further encouraging migration from rural to urban communities, as well as waves of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.[1] Investment in urban infrastructure in Montevideo and a growing economy, was capped by hosting the first 1930 FIFA World Cup.[1]
Claudio Williman who served between Batlle's two terms was his supporter and continued all his reforms, as did the next President Baltasar Brum (1919–1923). Around 1900 infant mortality rates (IMR) in Uruguay were among the world's lowest, indicating a very healthy population.[citation needed][4]
The Great Depression ended an era of export-led economic growth in Uruguay.[5]
Mid-20th century
The Uruguay economy shifted from an agriculture-dominated economy to an industrial economy from the period 1930 to 1955.[6] This shift led to a sluggish economy, as Uruguay neglected its comparative advantage, diverting resources away from a productive agricultural sector to an inefficient, unproductive manufacturing sector.[6] The government sought to bolster its manufacturing sector with import substitution industrialization, disincentivizing imports.[1] From the 1950s onwards, the Uruguayan economy was in decline.[7][6]
Anthropology professor Daniel Renfrew describes the 50s, 60s and dictatorship period (70s and 80s) as economic downturn periods, followed by further economic degradation caused by neoliberalism.[1] Economist Jamie Mezzera disagrees with this interpretation, arguing that between 1968 and 1972, Uruguay was one of the most regulated capitalist economies in the world. In this period, the government massively increased import tariffs and had near-total wage and price controls. The government instituted these policies to avoid the political pressure that would come if they were to devalue their currency.[8] Between 1955 and 1972, economic output in Uruguay stagnated. After the price and wage controls were largely removed in 1973, growth increased by 4.3% per year until 1979.
The policies of the Colorado Party under Julio María Sanguinetti and Jorge Batlle during the 90s and early 2000s, following global trends of neo-liberalization, facilitated a shift from manufacturing and small-scale agriculture, towards increasing monoculture agriculture and services like finance and tourism.[1] However, these policies faded as the regional economic problems in Argentina and Brazil caused a downturn and unemployment from 1998 to 2003.[1] The economic and social crises that followed allowed for the election of the Broad Front a leftist coalition against the neoliberal policies.[1]
Currency
Uruguay has a partially dollarized economy. As of August 2008[update] almost 60% of bank loans use United States dollars,[9] but most transactions use the Uruguayan peso.[10] Today, the Uruguayan peso is minted in coins of 1, 2, 5, 10, and 50 pesos and in banknotes of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, and 2000 pesos.
Sectors
Agriculture, livestock and forestry
Throughout Uruguay's history, their strongest exporting industries have been agricultural livestock products such as beef. In the case of beef exports, they have been boosted since Uruguay joined the Mercosur agreement in 1991 and the country has been able trade with more distant markets, such as Japan. In 2018, it produced 589 thousand tons of beef.[11] Worldwide, livestock production is one of the fastest growing agricultural industries. Uruguay has a long history of livestock production, with 70-80% of the land being devoted to pastures, both natural and cultivated; and since 1960, the production has doubled.[12] The works and yards at the Fray Bentos factory complex in Fray Bentos, Uruguay was ranked among the largest industrial complexes in South America and helped usher in the industrial revolution there, with the city of Fray Bentos grew simultaneously with the factory. The plant played a major role in the development of Uruguay's cattle sector, which is still one of the country's main sources of export products.
In 2018, the country produced 1.36 million tons of rice, 1.33 million tons of soy, 816 thousand tons of maize, 637 thousand tons of barley, 440 thousand tons of wheat, 350 thousand tons of sugar cane, 106 thousand tons of orange, 104 thousand tons of grape, 90 thousand tons of rapeseed, 87 thousand tons of potato, 76 thousand tons of sorghum, 71 thousand tons of tangerine, 52 thousand tons of oats, 48 thousand tons of apple, in addition to smaller yields of other agricultural products.[13]
As timber refining is being kept within the country, forestry has become a growth industry in recent years, which has affected the fertility of Uruguayan meadows.[14]
Construction and real estate
Energy
Mining
Although this is a sector that does not make substantial contributions to the country's economy, in recent years there has been some activity in gold and cement production, and also in the extraction of granite.
Artigas Department is well known for its amethyst and agate quartz varieties mining. During 2010s 20 thousand tons of minerals were extracted with a value of 9 million US dollars, exported to Germany, United States, Brazil and China.[15]
Oil and gas
Plastics
In 2011, plastics were the second-largest non-agricultural industrial export of the country.[16]
Banking and finance
Education
Healthcare
Retail and hospitality
Software
During the last decades the software industry has developed considerably. Many start-ups have been very successful, such is the case of PedidosYa and DLocal. Uruguay also exports software; the similar geographic longitude to that of the United States makes it attractive for companies to outsource software development to Uruguayan companies. Other notable Uruguayan software enterprises are: Genexus, Códigos del Sur, Overactive.[17]
Telecommunications
Despite having poor levels of investment in the fixed-line sector, the small size of Uruguay's population has enabled them to attain one of the highest telecommunication density levels in South America. The teledensity was already the second highest in the continent in the 1990s (after French Guiana)[18] and the highest in 2001.[19] Reaching a peak of 162.077 in 2014, the density declined in subsequent years, yet it was still 136.921 as of 2021.[20] Mobile penetration was the second highest in Latin America (after Panama) as of 2022.[21] Furthermore, the country already achieved a 100% digitalization of main lines by 1999.[19]
The telecommunications sector is partially under a state monopoly through the public company ANTEL, including a monopoly on landline telephony.[21] While this sector was privatized in many Latin American countries during the 1990s, Uruguay managed to keep telecommunications in public hands, partially under pressure from popular opinion through referendums.[22] However, steps have been made to introduce liberalization and to allow for the entry of more private firms into the cellular sector. In 2022, under Luis Lacalle Pou, Uruguay authorized five cable companies into the fixed broadband internet sector.[23][24]
Tourism
In 2013, travel and tourism accounted for 9.4% of the country's GDP.[25] Their tourist industry is mainly characterized for attracting visitors from neighboring countries. Currently Uruguay's major attraction is the interior, particularly located in the region around Punta del Este.[26]
Transport
Lua error: bad argument #1 to "get" (not a valid title).
Water supply and sanitation
Specialties
- Cattle were introduced to Uruguay before its independence by Hernando Arias de Saavedra, the Spanish Governor of Buenos Aires in 1603. Beef exports in 2006 amounted to around 37% of Uruguayan exports.[27]
- Wool is a traditional product exported mainly to America, followed by the UK and India.[28]
- Milk and dairy products. Conaprole, National Cooperative of Milk Producers[29] is the main exporter of dairy products in Latin America (in 2006). The area of the country dedicated to dairy food is located mainly in the southwest.
- Rice. Fine varieties are produced in the lowlands in the east of the country close to Merin lake on the Uruguay-Brazil border. The national company Saman claims to be the main exporter in Latin America.[30] Countries it exports to include Brazil, Iran, Peru, South Africa, Chile, Senegal, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Ecuador, USA, Canada and China.
- Tourism: Several seaside resorts, like Punta del Este or Punta del Diablo in the south-eastern departments of Maldonado and Rocha, regarded as a jet-set resort in South America, are main attractions of Uruguay. International cruises call at Montevideo from October to March every year. Also, Uruguay hosts many year-round international conferences. (The original GATT Uruguay Round concerning trade was, as its name suggests, hosted in Uruguay). Montevideo is home to the headquarters (secretariat) of [Mercosur], the Common Market of the South, whose full members are Uruguay, Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Venezuela, associate members Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
- Software and consulting. Uruguay's well-educated workforce and lower-than-international wages have put Uruguay on the IT map. A product named GeneXus,[31] originally created in Uruguay by a company called ArTech, is noteworthy. Other important developers and consultants include De Larrobla & Asociados,[32] Greycon and Quanam.[33] Tata Consultancy Services has its headquarters for the Spanish speaking world in Uruguay.
"With a population of only three million, Uruguay has rapidly become Latin America's outsourcing hub. In partnership with one of India's largest technology consulting firms, engineers in Montevideo work while their counterparts in Mumbai sleep." - The New York Times, September 22, 2006.
- Banking Services. Banking has traditionally been one of the strongest service export sectors in the country. Uruguay was once dubbed "the Switzerland of America", mainly for its banking sector and stability. The largest bank in Uruguay is Banco República, or BROU, which is state-owned; another important state bank is the BHU. Almost 20 private banks, most of the branches of international banks, operate in the country (Banco Santander, ABN AMRO, Citibank, among others). There is also a myriad of brokers and financial-services bureaus, among them Ficus Capital, Galvin Sociedad de Bolsa, Europa Sociedad de Bolsa, Darío Cukier, GBU, Hordeñana & Asociados Sociedad de Bolsa, etc. Uruguay has fully recovered from the financial crisis that caused a run on its banks.[citation needed]
- Public Sector: The state in Uruguay has an important role in the economy, Uruguay resisted the trend of privatization in Utilities and state-owned enterprises in the region. Several Referendums supported the state being in control of the most important utilities and energy companies. Some of the companies have a full monopoly warranted by law (like landline telephony, water), others compete freely with private operators (Insurance, mobile telephony, Banks). Most of them are dominant in the local market. There is strong debate in the Uruguayan society about their role and future. Some of them contributed to the Uruguay state treasury.[citation needed]
- The most important state-owned companies are: Republica AFAP (Pension Fund), AFE (Railways), ANCAP (Energy), ANCO (Mail), Administracion Nacional de Puertos (Ports), ANTEL (Telecommunications: Telephony, Mobiles (ANCEL and Data ANTELDATA)), BHU (Mortgage Bank), BROU (Bank), BSE (Insurance), OSE (Water & Sewage), UTE (Electricity). These companies operate under public law, using a legal entity defined in the Uruguayan Constitution called 'Ente Autonomo' (Meaning Autonomic Entity). The government also owns parts of other companies operating under private law like the National Airline Carrier PLUNA and others owned totally or partially by the CND National Development Corporation.[citation needed]
Poverty
Social security and welfare
Trade agreements
| Agreement | Partner(s) | Signed | Effective | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mercosur | File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina, File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil, File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay, File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay | November 1991 | November 1991 | Currently in force (Free Trade Agreements / Economic Complementation Agreements) |
| ECA N.º 36 MERCOSUR | File:Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg Bolivia | December 1996 | February 1997 | |
| FTA | File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico | November 2003 | July 2004 | |
| ECA N.º 59 | File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador | October 2004 | April 2005 | |
| ECA N.º 58 MERCOSUR | File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru | August 2005 | December 2005 | |
| ECA N.º 62 MERCOSUR | File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba | July 2006 | September 2008 | |
| Commercial Preference Agreement MERCOSUR | File:Flag of India.svg India | January 2004 | June 2009 | |
| FTA MERCOSUR | File:Flag of Israel.svg Israel | December 2007 | December 2009 | |
| Partial Agreement N.º 63 | File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela | December 2012 | March 2013 | |
| Commercial Preference Agreement MERCOSUR | SACU | September 2011 | April 2016 | |
| FTA MERCOSUR | File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt | December 2015 | September 2017 | |
| ECA N.º 72 MERCOSUR | File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia | July 2017 | December 2017 | |
| FTA | File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile | October 2016 | December 2018 | |
| FTA MERCOSUR | File:Flag of Palestine.svg State of Palestine | December 2011 | — | Concluded (not in force) |
.svg){kind=link}
Data
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980–2021 (with IMF staff estimates in 2022–2027). Inflation below 10% is in green.[34]
- Industrial production growth rate: 12.6% (2006 est.)
- Electricity - production: 9,474 GWh (1998)
- fossil fuel: 3.91%
- hydro: 95.62%
- nuclear: 0%
- other: 0.47% (1998)
- Electricity - consumption: 6,526 GWh (1998)
- Electricity - exports: 2,363 GWh (1998)
- Electricity - imports: 78 GWh (1998)
- Agriculture - products: wheat, rice, barley, maize, sorghum; livestock; fish
- Exchange rates: Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 24.048 (2006), 24.479 (2005), 28.704 (2004), 28.209 (2003), 21.257 (2002)
Uruguay in the world
The following table shows the economic rankings of Uruguay compared to the world:
| Index | Source | Rank | Published |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quality of Life Index | Numbeo[35] | 42° | 2024 |
| Human Development Index | UNDP[36] | 52° | 2022 |
| Democracy Index | Economist Intelligence Unit[37] | 11° | 2022 |
| Global Peace Index | Vision of Humanity[38] | 46° | 2020-2022 |
| Prosperity Index | Legatum[39] | 37° | 2021 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index | Transparency[40] | 14° | 2023 |
| Economic Freedom Index | Heritage[41] | 34° | 2022 |
| Global Competitiveness Report | World Economic Forum[42] | 54° | 2019 |
| Cost of Living Index | Expatistan[43] | 30° | 2023 |
| Debt Rating[44] | Moodys | BAA2 | 2021 |
| S&P | BBB | 2017 | |
| Fitch | BBB- | 2020 | |
| Developed Country Recognition | World Bank | High Income | 2023 |
| United Nations | Very High HDI | 2021 (2022 report) | |
| Index of Geopolitical Gains and Losses
after Energy Transition (GeGaLo Index) |
Overland et al.[45] | 6 out of 156 | 2019 |
See also
- List of companies of Uruguay
- List of state-owned enterprises of Uruguay
- List of trade unions in Uruguay
- Central Bank of Uruguay
- Corruption in Uruguay
- Entes Autónomos y Servicios Descentralizados
- Ministry of Economy and Finance (Uruguay)
- Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare (Uruguay)
- Office of Planning and Budget
- Taxation in Uruguay
- Uruguay and the International Monetary Fund
- Uruguay and the World Bank
- Economy of South America
- List of Latin American and Caribbean countries by GDP growth
- List of Latin American and Caribbean countries by GDP (nominal)
- List of Latin American and Caribbean countries by GDP (PPP)
Notes
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Renfrew, Daniel (2019). "Chapter 2: This is Not a Game". Life without lead : contamination, crisis, and hope in Uruguay. Oakland, California. pp. 51–82. ISBN 978-0-520-96824-0. OCLC 1102765674.
- ↑ Oddone, Juan A. (1986), Bethell, Leslie (ed.), "The formation of modern Uruguay, c. 1870–1930", The Cambridge History of Latin America, Cambridge University Press, 5: c.1870 to 1930, pp. 453–474, doi:10.1017/chol9780521245173.014, ISBN 978-0-521-24517-3
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Jermyn, Leslie; Wong, Winnie (2010). Uruguay. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 9780761444824.
- ↑ "Oxford Textbook of Musculoskeletal Medicine | Oxford Academic". academic.oup.com. Archived from the original on 2024-07-16. Retrieved 2026-02-11.
- ↑ Finch, Henry (1991), Bethell, Leslie (ed.), "Uruguay since 1930", The Cambridge History of Latin America, Cambridge University Press, 8: Latin America since 1930: Spanish South America, pp. 195–232, doi:10.1017/chol9780521266529.004, ISBN 978-0-521-26652-9
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Bell, James P. (1971). "Uruguay's Economic Evolution: 1900 to 1968". SAIS Review (1956-1989). 15 (3): 27–35. ISSN 0036-0775. JSTOR 45348928.
- ↑ Socolow, Susan M. (1966). "Uruguay Today". Current History. 51 (303): 270–275. doi:10.1525/curh.1966.51.303.270. ISSN 0011-3530.
- ↑ Jamie, Mezzera (July 1982). "FREE TRADE AND MARKETS BUT ONLY AS LONG AS WAGES ARE UNDER CONTROL: THE CASE OF URUGUAY IN THE 70s". Center for Latin American Development Studies. 52: 1–6. doi:10.22004/ag.econ.263626.
- ↑ Piñón, Marco; Gelos, Gaston (2008-08-28). "Uruguay's Monetary Policy Effective Despite Dollarization". IMF Survey Magazine. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
- ↑ Piñón, Marco; Gelos, Gaston; López-Mejía, Alejandro, eds. (2008). Macroeconomic Implications of Financial Dollarization: The Case of Uruguay. International Monetary Fund. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-58906-727-1.
- ↑ Uruguay production in 2018, by FAO
- ↑ Ran, Y.; Deutsch, L.; Lannerstad, M.; Heinke, J. (2013). "Rapidly Intensified Beef Production in Uruguay: Impacts on Water-related Ecosystem Services". Aquatic Procedia. 1: 77–87. Bibcode:2013AqPro...1...77R. doi:10.1016/j.aqpro.2013.07.007. hdl:10568/33510.
- ↑ Uruguay production in 2018, by FAO
- ↑ "Impacto ambiental de la forestación en Uruguay".
- ↑ Cernuischi, F.; González, F.; Morales Demarco, M.; Marmisolle, J.; Conti, B.; Bossi, J. (2018). "Breve historia de la exploración y explotación de recursos minerales y energéticos en Uruguay y perspectivas a futuro" (PDF). Revista de la Sociedad Uruguaya de Geología (in Spanish). Sociedad Uruguaya de Geología. 21. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
- ↑ "Uruguay". IMF Staff Country Reports. 19 (65): 1. 2019-02-22. doi:10.5089/9781484399958.002. ISSN 1934-7685.
- ↑ "Discover PedidosYa's success story". Archived from the original on 2023-11-16. Retrieved 2023-10-01.
- ↑ Gotusso, Graciela Perez Montero (1996). "Telecommunications in Uruguay" (PDF). Columbia Institute for Tele-Information. New York. p. 1. Retrieved 28 October 2025.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Illa, Martin Rivero (June 2005). "ISS Working Paper Series N° 410. State role on ICTs promotion in developing countries : general patterns and the Uruguayan experience" (PDF). RePub. The Hague: International Institute of Social Studies. p. 2. Retrieved 28 October 2025.
- ↑ "Uruguay Teledensity: Mobile". CEIC Data. 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2025.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Barton, James (21 January 2022). "Antel invests $152 million in mobile and fixed line operations in 2021". Retrieved 28 October 2025.
- ↑ Checchi, Daniele; Florio, Massimo; Carrera, Jorge (March 2005). "Privatization Discontent and Its Determinants: Evidence from Latin America" (PDF). SSRN Electronic Journal: 13. doi:10.2139/ssrn.721904. Retrieved 28 October 2025.
- ↑ "Uruguay breaks the half-century monopoly of state-owned Antel on Internet service". The Rio Times. 21 June 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2025.
- ↑ "Uruguay moves closer to ending Antel monopoly". BN Americas. 8 October 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2025.
- ↑ "Uruguay - Travel & Tourism Total Contribution to GDP - Total Contribution to GDP - % share". Knoema. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ↑ "Country Reports: Uruguay." Uruguay Country Monitor (2014): 16. Business Source Premier. Web. 7 Dec. 2014.
- ↑ "A.C.A. - Exportaciones 2006". Archived from the original on 2007-04-10. Retrieved 2007-02-13.
- ↑ "Secretariado Uruguayo de la Lana". Archived from the original on 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
- ↑ "Conaprole". Archived from the original on 13 June 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ↑ "SAMAN. Principal exportador de Arroz de América Latina. The leading rice exporter in Latin America". Archived from the original on 10 May 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ↑ "Desarrollo de Aplicaciones Empresariales Multiplataforma - GeneXus". Archived from the original on 16 May 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ↑ "Bantotal". Archived from the original on 28 April 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ↑ "inicio - localhost". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ↑ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects".
- ↑ "Quality of Life Index by Country 2023". Numbeo. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
- ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ↑ "Democracy Index 2022: Frontline democracy and the battle for Ukraine" (PDF). The Economist. 2023-02-13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-30. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ↑ "Global Peace Index" (PDF). Global Peace Index 2022. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ↑ "The Legatum Prosperity Index™". www.prosperity.com. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ↑ "Corruption Perceptions Index". www.transparency.org. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ↑ "Country Rankings: World & Global Economy Rankings on Economic Freedom". www.heritage.org. Archived from the original on November 17, 2010. Retrieved 2023-02-13.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
- ↑ "Reports" (PDF). World Economic Forum. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ↑ "Cost of Living Index". Expatistan, cost of living comparisons. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ↑ "Rating: Uruguay Credit Rating". countryeconomy.com. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
12. "(Desempleo en Uruguay disminuyó a 7,8% en julio)". Retrieved 5 May 2024.
External links
| File:Commons-logo.svg | Wikimedia Commons has media related to Economy of Uruguay. |
Template:SACN Template:World Trade Organization Template:South America in topic Template:Automotive industry in Uruguay Template:Uruguay topics
- CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)
- Use American English from March 2017
- Articles with unsourced statements from September 2025
- Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2008
- All articles containing potentially dated statements
- Articles with broken excerpts
- Articles with unsourced statements from January 2024
- Economy of Uruguay
- World Trade Organization member economies