Jefferson County, Missouri

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Not to be confused with Jefferson City, Missouri.

Template:Infobox U.S. county

Jefferson County is located in the eastern portion of the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a part of the St. Louis Metropolitan Area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 226,739,[1] making it the sixth-most populous county in Missouri. Its county seat is Hillsboro.[2] The county was organized in 1818 and named in honor of former president Thomas Jefferson.[3][4] In 1980, according to the U.S. census held that year, the county contained the mean center of U.S. population. Notably, this was the first census in which the center of population was west of the Mississippi River. Jefferson County is part of the St. Louis Metropolitan Statistical Area and encompasses many of the city's southern suburbs.

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 664 square miles (1,720 km2), of which 657 square miles (1,700 km2) is land and 7.7 square miles (20 km2) (1.2%) is water.[5] The county's eastern border is the Mississippi River.

Adjacent counties

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Major highways

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National protected area

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Demographics

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Template:US Census population

2020 census

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As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 226,739 and a median age of 40.3 years. 23.1% of residents were under the age of 18 and 16.2% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 99.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 97.1 males age 18 and over.[6]

The racial makeup of the county was 90.4% White, 1.0% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.8% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.8% from some other race, and 6.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 2.4% of the population.[7]

65.2% of residents lived in urban areas, while 34.8% lived in rural areas.[8]

There were 86,959 households in the county, of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 21.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[6]

There were 92,385 housing units, of which 5.9% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 80.5% were owner-occupied and 19.5% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.9%.[6]

Racial and ethnic composition

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Jefferson County, Missouri – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[9] Pop 1990[10] Pop 2000[11] Pop 2010[12] Pop 2020[13] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 143,652 168,071 191,753 208,742 203,287 98.27% 98.07% 96.80% 95.43% 89.66%
Black or African American alone (NH) 952 1,188 1,340 1,776 2,295 0.65% 0.69% 0.68% 0.81% 1.01%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 284 407 543 608 617 0.19% 0.24% 0.27% 0.28% 0.27%
Asian alone (NH) 250 526 691 1,403 1,839 0.17% 0.31% 0.35% 0.64% 0.81%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [14] x [15] 27 48 71 x x 0.01% 0.02% 0.03%
Other race alone (NH) 114 37 79 120 622 0.08% 0.02% 0.04% 0.05% 0.27%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [16] x [17] 1,664 2,628 12,456 x x 0.84% 1.20% 5.49%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 931 1,151 2,002 3,408 5,552 0.64% 0.67% 1.01% 1.56% 2.45%
Total 146,183 171,380 198,099 218,733 226,739 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

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As of the 2010 census, Jefferson County had a population of 218,733. The reported ethnic and racial make up of the population was 95.4% non-Hispanic white, 0.8% African-American, 0.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.4% reporting some other race, 1.3% reporting two or more races and 1.6% Hispanic or Latino of any race.[18]

2000 census

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As of the census[19] of 2000, there were 198,099 people, 71,499 households, and 54,553 families residing in the county. The population density was 302 inhabitants per square mile (117/km2). There were 75,586 housing units at an average density of 115 units per square mile (44/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 97.48% White, 0.68% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.24% from other races, and 0.93% from two or more races. Approximately 1.01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 71,499 households, out of which 38.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.00% were married couples living together, 10.40% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.70% were non-families. 18.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.12.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.90% under the age of 18, 8.50% from 18 to 24, 31.80% from 25 to 44, 22.50% from 45 to 64, and 9.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 98.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $60,636, and the median income for a family was $66,697. Males had a median income of $37,822 versus $25,440 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,058. About 4.90% of families and 6.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.10% of those under age 18 and 6.30% of those age 65 or over.

There were 146,316 registered voters in 2008.[20] As of October 24, 2012, there were 148,011.[21]

Education

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K-12 school districts with territory in the county, no matter how slight, include:[22]

Additionally, there are two elementary school districts: Jefferson County R-VII School District and Sunrise R-IX School District.[22]

Public schools

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Private schools

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  • Christian Outreach School (K-12) - Hillsboro - Nondenominational Christian
  • People's Christian Academy (K-12) - Arnold - Assembly of God/Pentecostal
  • St. Pius X High School (09-12) - Festus - Roman Catholic
  • Twin City Christian Academy (PK-12) - Festus - Baptist
  • Good Shepherd Catholic School - (K-08) - Hillsboro - Roman Catholic
  • Holy Child Elementary & Middle School - Arnold - (K-08) - Roman Catholic
  • Manna Christian Academy - De Soto - (K-12) - Southern Baptist
  • Our Lady's Catholic School - Festus - (K-08) - Roman Catholic
  • Sacred Heart Catholic School - Festus - (K-08) - Roman Catholic
  • St. Anthony's Catholic School - High Ridge - (K-08) - Roman Catholic
  • St. Joseph's Catholic School - Imperial - (K-08) - Roman Catholic
  • St. Johns Lutheran School - Arnold - (PK-08) - Lutheran
  • St. Johns School - Imperial - (K-08) - Nondenominational Christianity
  • St. Rose of Lima Catholic School - De Soto - (K-08) - Roman Catholic

Postsecondary

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Jefferson College - Hillsboro: A public, two-year community college

Public libraries

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  • Crystal City Public Library[23]
  • De Soto Public Library[24]
  • Festus Public Library[25]
  • Herculaneum Public Library[26]
  • Jefferson County Public Library[27]

Politics

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Local

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Historically, the Democratic Party has controlled politics at the local level; starting in 2010 the Republican Party has flipped the county with 66% of the population voting Republican in 2020.

Template:Missouri county elected officials

State

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Jefferson County is divided into seven legislative districts in the Missouri House of Representatives; all of which are held by Republicans. Jefferson County consists of two State Senate Districts.

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Past gubernatorial elections results
Year Republican Democratic Third Parties
2024 66.98% 78,385 30.55% 35,753 2.47% 2,896
2020 63.91% 73,942 33.59% 38,866 2.50% 2,886
2016 53.62% 56.755 42.74% 45.234 3.64% 3,848
2012 41.75% 40,470 55.68% 53,971 2.56% 2,484
2008 34.42% 35,947 63.87% 66,697 1.71% 1,781
2004 49.23% 45,891 49.25% 45,909 1.52% 1,424
2000 47.05% 36,060 49.33% 37,808 3.62% 2,775
1996 43.90% 28,986 52.96% 34,970 3.14% 2,077

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  • District 111 Shane Roden (R-Cedar Hill). Consists of Byrnes Mill, Cedar Hill, Cedar Hill Lakes, House Springs, and Scottsdale.

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  • District 112 Rob Vescovo (R-Arnold). Consists of areas near Arnold and Byrnes Mill.

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  • District 113 Dan Shaul (R-Imperial). Consists of most Arnold, all of Imperial and Kimmswick, and part of Barnhart.

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  • District 114 Becky Ruth (R-Festus). Consists of part of Barnhart, and all of Crystal City, Festus, Herculaneum, and Pevely.

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  • District 118 Mike McGirl (R-Potosi). Consists of De Soto and Hillsboro.

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  • District 3 — Elaine Gannon (R-De Soto) Consists of De Soto, Hillsboro, and Olympian Village as well as part of Festus.

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Federal

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Political culture

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United States presidential election results for Jefferson County, Missouri[28]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No.  % No.  % No.  %
1888 2,228 47.31% 2,438 51.77% 43 0.91%
1892 2,207 44.70% 2,617 53.01% 113 2.29%
1896 2,876 50.46% 2,785 48.87% 38 0.67%
1900 2,775 49.20% 2,798 49.61% 67 1.19%
1904 2,909 52.09% 2,560 45.84% 116 2.08%
1908 3,050 52.00% 2,698 46.00% 117 1.99%
1912 2,127 40.84% 2,368 45.47% 713 13.69%
1916 3,310 51.01% 3,021 46.56% 158 2.43%
1920 5,730 54.08% 4,684 44.21% 181 1.71%
1924 4,870 48.88% 4,356 43.72% 737 7.40%
1928 6,285 54.47% 5,231 45.34% 22 0.19%
1932 4,559 35.50% 8,130 63.30% 155 1.21%
1936 5,575 37.23% 9,158 61.16% 241 1.61%
1940 7,517 43.92% 9,553 55.82% 45 0.26%
1944 6,758 45.83% 7,953 53.94% 34 0.23%
1948 6,085 37.02% 10,280 62.55% 70 0.43%
1952 9,607 42.82% 12,808 57.08% 22 0.10%
1956 10,712 43.58% 13,868 56.42% 0 0.00%
1960 12,910 43.09% 17,054 56.91% 0 0.00%
1964 7,887 29.43% 18,916 70.57% 0 0.00%
1968 11,708 37.70% 13,230 42.60% 6,115 19.69%
1972 21,947 61.42% 13,787 38.58% 0 0.00%
1976 18,261 41.58% 25,159 57.29% 495 1.13%
1980 28,546 52.01% 24,042 43.81% 2,294 4.18%
1984 34,525 63.29% 20,026 36.71% 0 0.00%
1988 29,279 51.16% 27,738 48.47% 215 0.38%
1992 20,637 28.08% 32,569 44.31% 20,295 27.61%
1996 23,877 36.12% 32,073 48.52% 10,152 15.36%
2000 36,766 47.62% 38,616 50.02% 1,822 2.36%
2004 46,624 49.99% 46,057 49.38% 583 0.63%
2008 50,804 47.91% 53,467 50.42% 1,779 1.68%
2012 53,978 55.07% 41,564 42.40% 2,482 2.53%
2016 69,036 64.52% 31,568 29.50% 6,391 5.97%
2020 77,046 65.88% 37,523 32.08% 2,384 2.04%
2024 80,796 67.42% 36,965 30.85% 2,072 1.73%
2016 1 33.33% 1 33.33% 1 33.33%


A predominantly suburban county, Jefferson County used to be fairly independent-leaning at the federal level with a tendency to tilt Democratic. Presidential elections in Jefferson County were often very close; George W. Bush just narrowly carried the county in 2004 by less than 600 votes and by just over a half of a percentage point. Al Gore and Barack Obama also just narrowly carried the county in 2000 and 2008, respectively. Bill Clinton, however, did manage to carry Jefferson County by double digits both times in 1992 and 1996. However, in 2012 the county, in line with the state as a whole, began to swing hard to the right with Mitt Romney carrying it with 55% of the vote. In 2016 Donald Trump won the county with 65% of the vote, the largest margin of any candidate since Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

Typical of the suburban culture in most counties throughout the country, voters in Jefferson County tend to be rather centrist on social issues but more liberal on economic issues. In 2004, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to define marriage as the union between a man and a woman—it overwhelmingly passed Jefferson County with 72.56 percent of the vote. The initiative passed the state with 71 percent of support from voters as Missouri became the first state to ban same-sex marriage. In 2006, Missourians voted on a constitutional amendment to fund and legalize embryonic stem cell research in the state—it narrowly passed Jefferson County with 51.85 percent voting for the measure. The initiative narrowly passed the state with 51 percent of support from voters as Missouri became one of the first states in the nation to approve embryonic stem cell research. In 2006, Missourians voted on a proposition (Proposition B) to increase the minimum wage in the state to $6.50 an hour—it passed Jefferson County with 79.90 percent of the vote. The proposition strongly passed every single county in Missouri with 78.99 percent voting in favor as the minimum wage was increased to $6.50 an hour in the state. During the same election, voters in five other states also strongly approved increases in the minimum wage.

2008 Missouri presidential primary

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Republican

U.S. Senator John McCain (R-Arizona) won Jefferson County with 33.54% of the vote. Former Governor Mitt Romney (R-Massachusetts) finished in second with 30.45% of the vote, while former Governor Mike Huckabee (R-Arkansas) came in third with 30.19% in Jefferson County. Libertarian-leaning U.S. Representative Ron Paul (R-Texas) finished a distant fourth place with 3.94% of the vote in Jefferson County. McCain received all of Missouri's 58 delegates as the Republican Party utilizes the winner-takes-all system.

Democratic

U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton (D-New York) won Jefferson County over Senator Barack Obama (D-Illinois) with 61.32% of the vote, while Obama received 35.02% of the vote. Although he withdrew from the race, former U.S. Senator John Edwards (D-North Carolina) still received 2.74% of the vote in Jefferson County. Jefferson County gave Clinton one of her strongest showings in a predominantly suburban county in the entire country.

Clinton had a large initial lead in Missouri at the beginning of the evening as the rural precincts began to report, leading several news organizations to call the state for her; however, Obama rallied from behind as the heavily African American precincts from St. Louis began to report and eventually put him over the top. In the end, Obama received 49.32 percent of the vote to Clinton's 47.90% — a 1.42% difference. Both candidates split Missouri's 72 delegates, as the Democratic Party utilizes proportional representation.

Hillary Rodham Clinton received more votes, a total of 19,075, than any candidate from either party in Jefferson County during the 2008 Missouri Presidential Primaries. She also received more votes than the total number of votes cast in the entire Republican Primary in Jefferson County.

Health

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According to a 2012 census study by the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Jefferson County led the Saint Louis metropolitan area in the number of adults who smoke, roughly 30% of all adult residents of Jefferson County smoked or used tobacco in some form, compared to the 19% national average and the 24% Missouri state average.[29][30]

Jefferson County and the state of Missouri led the nation in methamphetamine production, peaking in the mid-2000s.[31]

Jefferson County Parks and Recreation

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  • Big River Saddle Club
  • Brown's Ford
  • Cedar Hill
  • Fletcher House
  • High Ridge Civic Center
  • Rockford Park
  • Jefferson Winter Park
  • Morse Mill
  • Pleasant Valley
  • Sunridge
  • NW Jefferson County Sports Complex

Communities

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Cities

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Villages

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Townships

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Census-designated places

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Other unincorporated communities

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See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "Explore Census Data".
  2. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ↑ Eaton, David Wolfe (1916). How Missouri Counties, Towns and Streams Were Named. The State Historical Society of Missouri. pp. 179.
  4. ↑ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 168.
  5. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2025.
  7. ↑ "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2025.
  8. ↑ "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)". United States Census Bureau. 2023. Retrieved December 17, 2025.
  9. ↑ "1980 Census of Population - General Social and Economic Characteristics - Missouri- Table 16 - Persons by Spanish Origin, Race, and Sex: 1980" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. p. 20-25.
  10. ↑ "1990 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Missouri: Table 5 - Race and Hispanic Origin" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. p. 13-63.
  11. ↑ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Jefferson County, Missouri". United States Census Bureau.
  12. ↑ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Jefferson County, Missouri". United States Census Bureau.
  13. ↑ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Jefferson County, Missouri". United States Census Bureau.
  14. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  15. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  16. ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
  17. ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
  18. ↑ 2010 census report for Jefferson County, Missouri
  19. ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  20. ↑ "Registered Voters in Missouri 2008". Archived from the original on November 16, 2011.
  21. ↑ "Registered Voters in Missouri". Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved October 28, 2012. Retrieved on July 9, 2013
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Geography Division (January 12, 2021). 2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Jefferson County, MO (PDF) (Map). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved June 9, 2025. - Text list
  23. ↑ Breeding, Marshall. "Crystal City Public Library". Libraries.org. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  24. ↑ Breeding, Marshall. "De Soto Public Library". Libraries.org. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  25. ↑ Breeding, Marshall. "Festus Public Library". Libraries.org. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  26. ↑ Breeding, Marshall. "Herculaneum Public Library". Libraries.org. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  27. ↑ Breeding, Marshall. "Jefferson County Public Library". Libraries.org. Archived from the original on May 10, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
  28. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
  29. ↑ [email protected] > 636-937-6249, LEAH THORSEN • (April 9, 2012). "Jefferson County leads area in smoking rate". stltoday.com. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  30. ↑ "Jefferson County to Jefferson Countians: Quit Smoking Fatsos". Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  31. ↑ Stateline.org, Christine Vestal (July 17, 2017). "Meth making a comeback, but it's not your neighbors cooking it anymore". stltoday.com.
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Template:Geographic Location

Template:St. Louis MSA Template:Jefferson County, Missouri Template:Missouri

Coordinates: 38°16′N 90°32′W / 38.26°N 90.54°W / 38.26; -90.54

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