SAMPA chart

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Template:IPA notice The following show the typical symbols for consonants and vowels used in SAMPA, an ASCII-based system based on the International Phonetic Alphabet. SAMPA is not a universal system as it varies from language to language.

Consonants

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Bilabial Labio-
dental 		Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
Nasal m F n J N
Stop
plosive and affricate 		p b t d
ts dz 		tS dZ c J\ k g q G\ ?
Fricative p\ B f v T D s z S Z C j\[lower-alpha 1] x G X R X\ ?\ h h\
Approximant central P r\[lower-alpha 2] j[lower-alpha 1] H w
lateral l L 5
Rhotic 4[lower-alpha 2]
r[lower-alpha 2] 		R\
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Also in Spanish, [jj] is used to represent the palatal fricative against the semivowel [j].
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 It is common, especially in Spanish and Italian, to represent the alveolar trill with [rr] and the alveolar flap with [r]. It has been proposed to use [4] for the alveolar flap, in which case [r] can be used to represent the trill (as its equivalent in the IPA system), and [j\] for the palatal fricative, keeping in this way the policy of using one letter per one IPA symbol (and a backslash for alternative symbols).

Consonant modifiers

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SAMPA IPA Description
` retroflex consonant (e.g. d` = Template:IPAslink)
_a ◌̺ apical consonant
_d ◌̪ dental consonant
_G ◌ˠ velarized consonant
_h ◌ʰ aspirated consonant
_j, ' ◌ʲ palatalized consonant
_m ◌̻ laminal consonant
_w ◌ʷ labialized consonant
_< implosive consonant (e.g. b_< = Template:IPAslink)
_> ʼ ejective consonant
_=, = ◌̩ syllabic consonant

Simplified list of consonants

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SAMPA IPA Description Examples
p Template:IPAlink voiceless bilabial plosive English pen, Croatian pas 'dog'
b Template:IPAlink voiced bilabial plosive English but, Polish brat 'brother'
t Template:IPAlink voiceless alveolar plosive English two, Spanish tomar 'to take'
d Template:IPAlink voiced alveolar plosive English do, Polish dom 'house'
ts Template:IPAlink voiceless alveolar affricate Italian calza 'sock', German Zeit 'time'
dz Template:IPAlink voiced alveolar affricate Italian zona 'zone', Canadian French dur 'hard'
tS Template:IPAlink voiceless postalveolar affricate English chair, Spanish mucho 'many'
dZ Template:IPAlink voiced postalveolar affricate English gin, Italian giorno 'day'
c Template:IPAlink voiceless palatal plosive Hungarian tyúk 'hen', Dutch schatje 'darling'
J\ Template:IPAlink voiced palatal plosive Hungarian egy 'one', Czech dítě 'child'
k Template:IPAlink voiceless velar plosive English skill, Spanish casa 'house'
g Template:IPAlink voiced velar plosive English go, Hungarian gép 'machine'
q Template:IPAlink voiceless uvular plosive Arabic qof, Somali qaab
p\ Template:IPAlink voiceless bilabial fricative Japanese fu, Ainu fuchi
B Template:IPAlink voiced bilabial fricative Catalan roba 'clothes', Spanish huevo 'egg'
f Template:IPAlink voiceless labiodental fricative English fool, Spanish fama 'fame'
v Template:IPAlink voiced labiodental fricative English voice, German Welt 'world'
T Template:IPAlink voiceless dental fricative English thing, Castilian Spanish caza 'hunt'
D Template:IPAlink voiced dental fricative English this, Icelandic fræði 'science'
s Template:IPAlink voiceless alveolar fricative English see, Spanish sí 'yes'
z Template:IPAlink voiced alveolar fricative English zoo, German sein 'to be'
S Template:IPAlink voiceless postalveolar fricative English she, French chou 'cabbage'
Z Template:IPAlink voiced postalveolar fricative French jour 'day', English pleasure
C Template:IPAlink voiceless palatal fricative Standard German ich 'I', Icelandic hjá 'next to'
j\ (jj) Template:IPAlink voiced palatal fricative Standard Spanish ayuda 'help'
x Template:IPAlink voiceless velar fricative Scots loch, Spanish ajo 'garlic'
G Template:IPAlink voiced velar fricative Greek γάλα 'milk', Icelandic saga 'story'
  Template:IPAlink velar approximant Spanish algo 'something'
X\ Template:IPAlink voiceless pharyngeal fricative Arabic h.â
?\ Template:IPAlink voiced pharyngeal fricative Arabic 'ayn
h Template:IPAlink voiceless glottal fricative English ham, German Hand
h\ Template:IPAlink voiced glottal fricative Hungarian lehet 'it can be'
m Template:IPAlink bilabial nasal English man, French main 'hand'
F Template:IPAlink labiodental nasal Spanish infierno 'hell', Hungarian kámfor
n Template:IPAlink alveolar nasal English, Spanish and Italian no
J Template:IPAlink palatal nasal Spanish año 'year', French oignon, Hungarian lány
N Template:IPAlink velar nasal English ring, Tagalog ngayón
l Template:IPAlink alveolar lateral approximant English left, Spanish largo
L Template:IPAlink palatal lateral approximant Italian aglio, Standard Catalan colla
5 Template:IPAlink velarized dental lateral English meal Standard Catalan alga
4 (r) Template:IPAlink alveolar tap Spanish pero 'but', Italian essere
r (rr) Template:IPAlink alveolar trill Spanish pe'rro 'dog, Italian terra
r\ Template:IPAlink alveolar approximant English run
R Template:IPAlink uvular trill Standard German Reich
P Template:IPAlink labiodental approximant Dutch Waar, Finnish vesi
w Template:IPAlink labial-velar approximant English we, French oui
H Template:IPAlink labial-palatal approximant French nuit
j Template:IPAlink palatal approximant English yes, Polish już

Vowels

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Vowels
front central back
close i • y 1 • } M • u
near-close I • Y • U
close-mid e • 2 @\ • 8 7 • o
mid @
open-mid E • 9 3 • 3\ V • O
near-open { • 6
open a • & A • Q

Vowel modifiers

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SAMPA IPA Description Examples
~, _~ ◌̃ nasalized vowel French bon [bO~], Portuguese sim [si~]
: ː long vowel English see [si:] )
`[lower-alpha 1] ◌˞ r-colored vowel US English bird [b3`d]
_^ ◌̯ non-syllabic vowel
" ˈ primary stress
% ˌ secondary stress
  1. ↑ This symbol is also used for retroflex consonants (see above), but denotes rhoticity after vowel symbols.

Simplified list of vowels

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SAMPA IPA Description Examples
i Template:IPAlink close front unrounded vowel English see, Spanish sí, French vie, German wie, Italian visto
I Template:IPAlink near-close front unrounded vowel English city, German mit, Canadian French vite
e Template:IPAlink close-mid front unrounded vowel US English bear, Spanish él, French année, German mehr, Italian rete, Catalan més
E Template:IPAlink open-mid front unrounded vowel English bed, French même, German Männer, Italian ferro, Catalan mes, Spanish perro
{ Template:IPAlink near-open front unrounded vowel English cat, Finnish mäki
y Template:IPAlink close front rounded vowel French du, German Tür, Finnish hyvä
Y Template:IPAlink near-close front rounded vowel German hübsch, Swedish ylle
2 Template:IPAlink close-mid front rounded vowel French deux (hence '2'), German Höhle, Danish købe
9 Template:IPAlink open-mid front rounded vowel French neuf (hence '9'), German Hölle
1 Template:IPAlink close central unrounded vowel Polish mysz
@ Template:IPAlink mid central vowel English about, German bitte, Swedish beredd
6 Template:IPAlink near-open central unrounded vowel German besser, Catalan mare
3 Template:IPAlink open-mid central unrounded vowel English bird
a Template:IPAplink~Template:IPAplink open front unrounded vowel/
open central unrounded vowel 		Spanish barra, French bateau, German Haar, Italian pazzo
} Template:IPAlink close central rounded vowel Scottish English pool, Swedish sju
8 Template:IPAlink close-mid central rounded vowel Swedish kust
& Template:IPAlink open front rounded vowel Swedish öra
M Template:IPAlink close back unrounded vowel Japanese fuji, Korean geu
7 Template:IPAlink close-mid back unrounded vowel Korean eoreum, Estonian kõrv
V Template:IPAlink open-mid back unrounded vowel RP and US English run, enough
A Template:IPAlink open back unrounded vowel English arm, US English law, Canadian French âme, Finnish alku
u Template:IPAlink close back rounded vowel English soon, Spanish tú, French goût, German Hut, Italian tutto
U Template:IPAlink near-close back rounded vowel English put, (non-US)Buddhist, German Mutter
o Template:IPAlink close-mid back rounded vowel US English sore, Scottish English boat, Spanish yo, French beau, German Sohle, Italian dove, Catalan ona
O Template:IPAlink open-mid back rounded vowel British English law, caught, Italian cosa, Catalan dona, Spanish ojo, German Wort
Q Template:IPAlink open back rounded vowel British English not, cough, Hungarian kar

See also

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References

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  • Wells, John C. (2005). "SAMPA computer readable phonetic alphabet". Resources and Tools in Speech, Hearing and Phonetics (www.phon.ucl.ac.uk). University College London. Archived from the original on 2025-04-26.
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