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...pdf "The measurement of phonetic similarity."] In International Conference on Computational Linguistics COLING 1969: Preprint No. 57. 1969.</ref> ...search to ensure that newly registered trade marks do not risk infringing on existing trademarks by virtue of their pronunciation. <ref>McAllister, Robe ...

...r of bytes, it produces as output a single byte that is strongly dependent on every byte of the input. Its implementation requires only a few instruction |title= Fast Hashing of Variable-Length Text Strings ...

{{Short description|Measures of how efficiently algorithms use resources}} ...rce (computer science)|resource]] usage is ''at least'', ''at most'' and ''on average'', respectively. Usually the resource being considered is running t ...

...4}}.</ref> In this sense, if a source of random numbers is available, most algorithms in '''RP''' are highly practical. * ''M'' runs for polynomial time on all inputs ...

...ithm''' is an [[algorithm]] designed to solve a [[search problem]]. Search algorithms work to retrieve information stored within particular [[data structure]], o Although [[Search engine (computing)|search engines]] use search algorithms, they belong to the study of [[information retrieval]], not algorithmics. ...

...g Kim|last5=Dongho Won|date=2009-03-01|title=An off-line dictionary attack on a simple three-party key exchange protocol|journal=IEEE Communications Lett A dictionary attack is based on trying all the strings in a pre-arranged listing. Such attacks originally used words found in a di ...

...uiring time proportional to ''N''. This may significantly slow some search algorithms. One of many possible solutions is to search for the sequence of code units ...low" should fail for the example sentence above, even though those literal strings do occur. ...

...ten information into a standard order. Many systems of collation are based on [[number|numerical order]] or [[alphabetical order]], or extensions and com ...ifiers, called sort keys, which consequently produces a [[total preorder]] on the set of items of information (items with the same identifier are not pla ...

...395781}} and {{Cite patent|country= UK |number= 327}}</ref> Radix sorting algorithms came into common use as a way to sort [[punched card]]s as early as 1923.<r ...wn in some benchmarks to be faster than other more general-purpose sorting algorithms, sometimes 50% to three times faster.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://probablyda ...

...tion)|code word]]s. It is one example of representations of integers based on [[Fibonacci number]]s. Each code word ends with "11" and contains no other ...e data that comes after it will be correctly read. With Fibonacci coding, on the other hand, a changed bit may cause one token to be read as two, or cau ...

{{Short description|Number of bits that differ between two strings}} ...ce between any two vertices is the Hamming distance between the two binary strings. ...

...nce. The label "Character" is below and points to an individual box.|thumb|Strings are typically made up of [[character (computing)|characters]], and are ofte Depending on the programming language and precise data type used, a [[variable (programm ...

Run-length encoding is most efficient on data that contains many such runs, for example, simple graphic images such ...which use very many colors) such as photographs, although [[JPEG]] uses it on the coefficients that remain after transforming and [[Quantization (image p ...

...BPP''' have efficient [[probabilistic algorithm]]s that can be run quickly on real modern machines. '''BPP''' also contains '''[[P (complexity)|P]]''', *On any given run of the algorithm, it has a probability of at most 1/3 of givi ...

...ODSA/Books/CS3/html/ADT.html|website=Virginia Tech - CS3 Data Structures & Algorithms|access-date=2023-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/202302101141 ...tated that the choice of data structure almost always has a greater impact on efficiency than the choice of algorithm, as the algorithm is often self-evi ...

...is a specialized [[search tree]] data structure used to store and retrieve strings from a dictionary or set. Unlike a [[binary search tree]], nodes in a trie While tries store character strings, they can be adapted to work with any ordered sequence of elements, such as ...

...ax in universal translation”. In Proceedings 1961 International Conference on Machine Translation of Languages and Applied Language Analysis, Her Majesty The standard version of CYK operates only on context-free grammars given in [[Chomsky normal form]] (CNF). However any c ...

...tablished by Ladner]].<ref>{{cite journal |first=R. E. |last=Ladner |title=On the structure of polynomial time reducibility |journal=J. ACM |volume=22 |p ...s whether the guess is a solution to the problem.<ref>Alsuwaiyel, M. H.: ''Algorithms: Design Techniques and Analysis'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=SPx4i ...

...th>L = \{a^nb^n:n\geq1\}</math>, the language of all non-empty even-length strings, the entire first halves of which are {{mvar|a}}'s, and the entire second h ...nguages is always context-free. But there is no way to unambiguously parse strings in the (non-context-free) subset <math>\{a^n b^n c^n d^n | n > 0\}</math> w ...

...refer to them as if there were only one. Because {{math|&Omega;}} depends on the program encoding used, it is sometimes called '''Chaitin's construction The definition of a halting probability relies on the existence of a prefix-free universal computable function. Such a functi ...