Burke County, Georgia
Burke County is a county located along the eastern border of the U.S. state of Georgia in the Piedmont. As of the 2020 census, the population was 24,596.[1] The county seat is Waynesboro.[2] Burke County is part of the Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC metropolitan statistical area.
History
[edit]Burke County is an original county of Georgia, created February 5, 1777, and named for English political writer, Edmund Burke, a Member of Parliament in the Whig Party who favored conciliation with the colonies.[3] In 1779, Col. John Twiggs and brothers Col. William Few and Benjamin Few, along with 250 men, defeated British in the Battle of Burke Jail.
Burke County is located within the CSRA (the Central Savannah River Area). During the antebellum period, it was developed by slave labor for large cotton plantations. The county was majority African American in population in this period, as slaveholders wanted high numbers of slaves for laborers to cultivate and process cotton.
The military tradition continued during the American Civil War, when Burke County provided volunteers for numerous units: the 2nd Regiment Georgia Infantry Company D (Burke Sharpshooters), 3rd Regiment Georgia Infantry Company A (Burke Guards), 32nd Regiment Georgia Infantry Company C (Williams Volunteers), 32nd Regiment Georgia Infantry Company K (Alexander Greys), 48th Regiment Georgia Infantry Company D (Burke Volunteers), Cobb's Legion Infantry company E (Poythress Volunteers), and the Cobb's Legion Cavalry Company F (Grubb's Hussars).
Agriculture continued as the basis of the economy for decades after the American Civil War, when most freedmen worked as sharecroppers or tenant farmers. Cotton was the major commodity crop.[4] In the early 20th century, mechanization of agriculture caused many African-American farm workers to lose their jobs.
As can be seen from the census tables below, the county lost population from 1900 to 1910, and from 1920 to 1970. Part of the decline was related to the Great Migration, as millions of African Americans left the rural South and Jim Crow oppression for jobs and opportunities in industrial cities of the Midwest and the North. From World War II on, primary migration destinations were West Coast cities because of the buildup of the defense industry. In addition, whites left rural areas for industrial jobs in cities such as Atlanta.
Geography
[edit]According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 835 square miles (2,160 km2), of which 827 square miles (2,140 km2) is land and 8.0 square miles (21 km2) (1.0%) is water.[5] It is the second-largest county by area in Georgia.
The southern half of Burke County, defined by a line running along State Route 80 to Waynesboro, then southeast to east of Perkins, is located in the Upper Ogeechee River sub-basin of the Ogeechee River basin. North of Waynesboro, and bordered on the north by a line running from Keysville southeast to Girard, the territory is part of the Brier Creek sub-basin of the Savannah River basin. The most northern sliver of Burke County is located in the Middle Savannah River sub-basin of the same Savannah River basin.[6]
Major highways
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- Error: package.lua:80: module 'Module:Road data/strings/USA/GA' not found / Error: package.lua:80: module 'Module:Road data/strings/USA/GA' not found (Burke Veterans Parkway)
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Adjacent counties
[edit]- Richmond County (north)
- Aiken County, South Carolina (northeast)
- Barnwell County, South Carolina (east-northeast)
- Allendale County, South Carolina (east)
- Screven County (southeast)
- Jenkins County (south)
- Emanuel County (southwest)
- Jefferson County (west)
Communities
[edit]Cities
[edit]- Midville
- Sardis
- Vidette
- Waynesboro (county seat)
Towns
[edit]Census-designated place
[edit]Unincorporated community
[edit]Demographics
[edit]Racial and ethnic composition
[edit]| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 1980[7] | Pop 1990[8] | Pop 2000[9] | Pop 2010[10] | Pop 2020[11] | % 1980 | % 1990 | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White alone (NH) | 8,883 | 9,719 | 10,336 | 10,844 | 11,941 | 45.91% | 47.23% | 46.47% | 46.51% | 48.55% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 10,171 | 10,750 | 11,285 | 11,469 | 10,957 | 52.57% | 52.24% | 50.74% | 49.19% | 44.55% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 4 | 13 | 49 | 47 | 45 | 0.02% | 0.06% | 0.22% | 0.20% | 0.18% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 22 | 26 | 51 | 68 | 97 | 0.11% | 0.13% | 0.23% | 0.29% | 0.39% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | x [12] | x [13] | 3 | 20 | 10 | x | x | 0.01% | 0.09% | 0.04% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 0 | 4 | 12 | 11 | 66 | 0.00% | 0.02% | 0.05% | 0.05% | 0.27% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | x [14] | x [15] | 191 | 240 | 703 | x | x | 0.86% | 1.03% | 2.86% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 269 | 67 | 316 | 617 | 777 | 1.39% | 0.33% | 1.42% | 2.65% | 3.16% |
| Total | 19,349 | 20,579 | 22,243 | 23,316 | 24,596 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2020 census
[edit]As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 24,596. The median age was 41.6 years. 23.7% of residents were under the age of 18 and 17.9% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 92.6 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 90.6 males age 18 and over. 24.8% of residents lived in urban areas, while 75.2% lived in rural areas.[16][17][18]
The racial makeup of the county was 49.5% White, 44.8% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 1.3% from some other race, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 3.2% of the population.[18]
There were 9,905 households in the county, of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 35.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 31.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[17]
There were 11,138 housing units, of which 11.1% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 65.8% were owner-occupied and 34.2% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.8% and the rental vacancy rate was 8.9%.[17]
2010 census
[edit]In 2010, there were 23,316 people, 8,533 households, and 6,110 families living in the county.[19] The population density was 28.2 inhabitants per square mile (10.9/km2). There were 9,865 housing units at an average density of 11.9 per square mile (4.6/km2).[20]
In 2010, the racial makeup of the county was 49.5% Black or African American, 47.5% White, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.1% from some other race, and 1.3% from two or more races. 2.6% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).[21]
2010 American Community Survey
[edit]In terms of ancestry as of 2010, 49.5% had some African ancestry, 11.0% identified as American, 9.3% were Irish, 5.5% were English, and 5.1% were German.[22]
In 2010, the median income for a household in the county was $33,155 and the median income for a family was $41,659. Males had a median income of $37,061 versus $24,952 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,934. About 20.0% of families and 25.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 38.0% of those under age 18 and 16.2% of those age 65 or over.[23]
2000 census
[edit]At the 2000 census, there were 22,243 people, 7,934 households, and 5,799 families living in the county.[24] The racial makeup of the county in 2000 was 51.0% Black or African American, 46.9% White, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. 1.4% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
In 2000, the median income for a household in the county was $27,877, and the median income for a family was $31,660. Males had a median income of $29,992 and females had an income of $19,008. The per capita income for the county was $13,136. About 23.80% of families and 28.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.00% of those under age 18 and 29.80% of those age 65 or over.
Education
[edit]It is within the Burke County School District.[25] The district has one high school, one middle school, one complete elementary school, one upper elementary school, one primary school, and one alternative school.[26]
- SGA Elementary School (Pre k-5)
- Blakeney Elementary School (3–5)
- Waynesboro Primary School (pre K-2)
- Burke County Middle School (6–8)
- Burke County High School (9–12)
- Burke County Alternative School (6–12)
Private Schools
- Faith Christian Academy (pre K-12)
- Edmund Burke Academy (Pre K-12)
- Waynesboro Mennonite School (1–12)
Politics
[edit]Burke County was traditionally a swing county in federal politics, voting for the national popular vote winner in every presidential election from 1984 to 2016. However, the county has developed a slight Republican lean more recently. In 2020, it was the only county in the nation to flip to Donald Trump in a state that flipped to Joe Biden. Four years later, the county voted for Republican Donald Trump again in 2024, this time by a comfortable margin.
For elections to the United States House of Representatives, Burke County is part of Georgia's 12th congressional district, currently represented by Rick Allen. For elections to the Georgia State Senate, Burke County is part of District 23.[27] For elections to the Georgia House of Representatives, Burke County is part of District 126.[28]
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1880 | 2,114 | 68.26% | 983 | 31.74% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1884 | 895 | 58.50% | 558 | 36.47% | 77 | 5.03% |
| 1888 | 248 | 26.61% | 684 | 73.39% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1892 | 83 | 3.92% | 1,322 | 62.39% | 714 | 33.70% |
| 1896 | 193 | 11.83% | 1,414 | 86.70% | 24 | 1.47% |
| 1900 | 157 | 20.13% | 620 | 79.49% | 3 | 0.38% |
| 1904 | 52 | 6.89% | 657 | 87.02% | 46 | 6.09% |
| 1908 | 193 | 24.68% | 519 | 66.37% | 70 | 8.95% |
| 1912 | 22 | 4.55% | 440 | 90.91% | 22 | 4.55% |
| 1916 | 19 | 2.69% | 673 | 95.33% | 14 | 1.98% |
| 1920 | 39 | 9.15% | 387 | 90.85% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1924 | 76 | 14.05% | 449 | 82.99% | 16 | 2.96% |
| 1928 | 260 | 27.46% | 687 | 72.54% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1932 | 18 | 3.45% | 498 | 95.40% | 6 | 1.15% |
| 1936 | 51 | 4.66% | 1,040 | 95.06% | 3 | 0.27% |
| 1940 | 42 | 3.90% | 1,029 | 95.54% | 6 | 0.56% |
| 1944 | 153 | 14.41% | 909 | 85.59% | 0 | 0.00% |
| "text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/Dixiecrat |1948 | 111 | 7.42% | 357 | 23.86% | 1,028 | 68.72% |
| 1952 | 932 | 44.55% | 1,160 | 55.45% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 721 | 35.68% | 1,300 | 64.32% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 1,027 | 46.92% | 1,162 | 53.08% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1964 | 3,034 | 71.52% | 1,208 | 28.48% | 0 | 0.00% |
| "text-align:center;" Template:Party shading/American Independent |1968 | 1,416 | 28.93% | 1,676 | 34.25% | 1,802 | 36.82% |
| 1972 | 2,846 | 72.90% | 1,058 | 27.10% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1976 | 1,565 | 34.18% | 3,014 | 65.82% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1980 | 1,871 | 37.49% | 3,047 | 61.05% | 73 | 1.46% |
| 1984 | 3,137 | 50.08% | 3,127 | 49.92% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1988 | 2,988 | 50.89% | 2,861 | 48.72% | 23 | 0.39% |
| 1992 | 2,390 | 34.84% | 3,647 | 53.17% | 822 | 11.98% |
| 1996 | 2,590 | 37.47% | 3,915 | 56.63% | 408 | 5.90% |
| 2000 | 3,381 | 47.39% | 3,720 | 52.14% | 34 | 0.48% |
| 2004 | 4,232 | 49.86% | 4,213 | 49.64% | 42 | 0.49% |
| 2008 | 4,344 | 45.08% | 5,233 | 54.30% | 60 | 0.62% |
| 2012 | 4,301 | 43.92% | 5,405 | 55.19% | 87 | 0.89% |
| 2016 | 4,491 | 47.73% | 4,731 | 50.28% | 188 | 2.00% |
| 2020 | 5,400 | 50.54% | 5,208 | 48.74% | 77 | 0.72% |
| 2024 | 6,027 | 54.44% | 4,994 | 45.11% | 49 | 0.44% |
| 2016 | 1 | 33.33% | 1 | 33.33% | 1 | 33.33% |
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ "Census - Geography Profile: Burke County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 26, 2022.
- ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ↑ Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins (PDF). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 29. ISBN 0-915430-00-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 17, 2003.
- ↑ CSRARC
- ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ↑ "Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
- ↑ "1980 Census of Population - General Social and Economic Characteristics - Georgia - Table 58 - Race by Sex: 1980 and Table 59 - Persons by Spanish Origin, Race, and Sex: 1980" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. p. 12-52. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 18, 2026 – via Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "1990 Census of Population - General Population Characteristics - Georgia: Table 6 - Race and Hispanic Origin" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. p. 15-65. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 1, 2025 – via Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Burke County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
- ↑ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Burke County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
- ↑ "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Burke County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
- ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
- ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
- ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
- ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
- ↑ "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)". United States Census Bureau. 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2025.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2025.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2025.
- ↑ "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
- ↑ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
- ↑ 2010 census report for Burke County, Georgia
- ↑ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
- ↑ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
- ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
- ↑ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Burke County, GA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved October 25, 2024. - Text list
- ↑ "Burke County Public Schools - Schools". Archived from the original on May 13, 2006.
- ↑ "Georgia General Assembly". www.legis.ga.gov. Retrieved November 28, 2025.
- ↑ "Georgia General Assembly". www.legis.ga.gov. Retrieved November 28, 2025.
- ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved November 18, 2025.
External links
[edit]- Albert M. Hillhouse. A History of Burke County, Georgia, 1777-1950. Reprint Company and Magnolia Press, 1985.
- Burke County Official Website
- Edmund Burke Academy
- Burke County Chamber of Commerce
- Burke County historical marker
- Botsford Church historical marker
Template:Burke County, Georgia Template:Central Savannah River Area Template:Colleges and universities in the Central Savannah River Area Template:Georgia (U.S. state) Coordinates: 33°04′N 82°00′W / 33.06°N 82.00°W
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- Burke County, Georgia
- 1777 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
- Populated places established in 1777
- Georgia (U.S. state) counties
- Augusta metropolitan area
- Majority-minority counties in Georgia