List of national anthems

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This article is about the anthems of nation states. For anthems of other territories, including constituent countries, see List of regional anthems.

File:Pils rouget lisle chantant marseillaise mb (Musée).jpg
Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, the composer of the French national anthem "La Marseillaise", sings it for the first time. The anthem is one of the earliest to be adopted by a modern state, in 1795.

Most nation states have an anthem, defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism";[1] most anthems are either marches or hymns in style. A song or hymn can become a national anthem under the state's constitution, by a law enacted by its legislature, or simply by tradition.[2] A royal anthem is a patriotic song similar to a national anthem, but it specifically praises or prays for a monarch or royal dynasty. Such anthems are usually performed at public appearances by the monarch or during other events of royal importance.[3] Some states use their royal anthem as the national anthem, such as the state anthem of Jordan.

Anthems became increasingly popular among European states in the 18th century.[4] In 1795, the French First Republic adopted "La Marseillaise" as its national anthem by decree, making France the first country in history to have an official national anthem.[5] Some anthems are older in origin but were not officially adopted until the 19th or 20th century. For example, the Japanese anthem, "Kimigayo", employs the oldest lyrics of any national anthem, taking its words from the "Kokin Wakashū", which was first published in 905, yet these words were not set to music until 1880.[6] The national anthem of the Netherlands, the "Wilhelmus", contains a melody and lyrics dating back to the 16th century, but it was not officially adopted as the country's national anthem until 1932.[7]

National anthems are usually written in the most common language of the state, whether de facto or official. States with multiple national languages may offer several versions of their anthem. For instance, Switzerland's national anthem has different lyrics for each of the country's four official languages: French, German, Italian, and Romansh.[8] One of New Zealand's two national anthems is commonly sung with the first verse in Māori ("Aotearoa") and the second in English ("God Defend New Zealand"). The tune is the same but the lyrics have different meanings. South Africa's national anthem is unique in that it is two different songs put together with five of the country's eleven official languages being used, in which each language comprises a stanza.[9]

Denmark and New Zealand are two countries with two official national anthems of equal status. Denmark has two anthems, Der er et yndigt land ("There is a Lovely Country") and Kong Christian stod ved højen mast ("King Christian stood by the lofty mast"). Der er et yndigt land is considered the civil national anthem and is often played at civil and sports events. Kong Christian stod ved højen mast is both a royal and national anthem. New Zealand has two anthems, God Defend New Zealand and God Save the King. God Defend New Zealand was added in 1977 after a petition to Parliament and Queen Elizabeth II's approval. The two anthems are almost never sung together. Usually the first verse of God Defend New Zealand is sung in Māori ("Aotearoa") and the second in English.

India has both a national anthem, Jana-gana-mana, and a national song, Vande Mataram. Jana-gana-mana was originally written in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore in 1911 and adopted as the national anthem in 1950. Vande Mataram was composed in Sanskritised Bengali by Bankimchandra Chatterjee in the 1870s and inspired people during their fight for freedom.

UN member states and observer states

State National anthem[lower-alpha 1] Date adopted (de jure) Lyricist Composer/Artist Audio Length Ref.
Error creating thumbnail:  Afghanistan "Dā də Bātorāno Kor"
("This is the Home of the Brave") 		1996, 2021 de facto Unknown Template:*sound 4m 26s [12][13]
File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania "Himni i Flamurit"
("The Hymn of the Flag") 		1912 Aleksandër Stavre Drenova Ciprian Porumbescu Template:*sound 1m 6s [14]
File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria "Kassaman"
("We Pledge") 		1962, 2008 Moufdi Zakaria Mohamed Fawzi Template:*sound 1m 13s [15]
Error creating thumbnail:  Andorra "El gran Carlemany"
("The Great Charlemagne") 		1921 Enric Marfany Bons Juan Benlloch y Vivó Template:*sound 1m 6s [16]
File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola "Angola Avante"
("Onward Angola") 		1975 Manuel Rui Alves Monteiro Ruy Mingas Template:*sound 1m 4s [17]
Error creating thumbnail:  Antigua and Barbuda "Fair Antigua, We Salute Thee" 1967, 1981 de facto Novelle Richards Walter P. Chambers Template:*sound 1m 1s [18][19]
 Argentina "Himno Nacional Argentino"
("Argentine National Anthem") 		1813 Vicente López y Planes Blas Parera Template:*sound 3m 33s [20][21]
Error creating thumbnail:  Armenia "Mer Hayrenik"
("Our Fatherland") 		1918, 1991 Mikael Nalbandian Barsegh Kanachyan Template:*sound 0m 28s (one verse) [22]
 Australia "Advance Australia Fair"[lower-alpha 2] 1974, 1984 Peter Dodds McCormick Template:*sound 0m 54s [23][24]
 Austria "Bundeshymne der Republik Österreich"
("National Anthem of the Republic of Austria") 		1946 (as instrumental)
1947 (with lyrics) 		Paula von Preradović Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart/Johann Holzer [de] Template:*sound 1m 29s [25]
File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan "Azərbaycan marşı"
("Azerbaijan's Anthem") 		1992 Ahmed Javad Uzeyir Hajibeyov Template:*sound 2m 12s [26][27]
Error creating thumbnail:  Bahamas "March On, Bahamaland"[lower-alpha 2] 1973 Timothy Gibson Template:*sound 1m 15s [28][29]
File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain "Bahrainona"
("Our Bahrain") 		1971 (music only)
1985 (original)
2002 (current) 		Mohamed Sudqi Ayyash Unknown Template:*sound 0m 49s [30]
File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh "Amar Shonar Bangla"
("My Golden Bengal") 		1971 (provisional)
1972 (official) 		Rabindranath Tagore Samar Das Template:*sound 2m 15s [31]
Error creating thumbnail:  Barbados "In Plenty and In Time of Need" 1966 Irving Burgie C. Van Roland Edwards Template:*sound 1m 19s [32]
File:Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus "My Belarusy"
("We, the Belarusians")[lower-alpha 3] 		1955 (music)
2002 (with current lyrics) 		Michael Klimovich Nestar Sakalowski Template:*sound 3m 32s [33][34]
 Belgium "La Brabançonne"
("The Brabantian") 		1860 Jenneval (Louis-Alexandre Dechet) François Van Campenhout Template:*sound 1m 3s [35][36]
File:Flag of Belize.svg Belize "Land of the Free" 1981 Samuel Alfred Haynes Selwyn Walford Young Template:*sound 2m 42s [37]
File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin "L'Aube Nouvelle"
("The Dawn of a New Day") 		1960 Gilbert Jean Dagnon Template:*sound 1m 8s [38]
File:Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan "Druk Tsenden"
("The Thunder Dragon Kingdom") 		1953 Dasho Gyaldun Thinley Aku Tongmi 1m 45s [39][40]
 Bolivia "Himno Nacional de Bolivia"
("National Anthem of Bolivia") 		1851 José Ignacio de Sanjinés Leopoldo Benedetto Vincenti Template:*sound 1m 41s [41]
Error creating thumbnail:  Bosnia and Herzegovina "Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine"
("The National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina") 		1999 (de facto)
2001 (de jure) 		Awaiting official approval Dušan Šestić 0m 25s [42]
File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana "Fatshe leno la rona"
("Blessed Be This Noble Land") 		1966 Kgalemang Tumedisco Motsete Template:*sound 0m 57s [43]
File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil "Hino Nacional Brasileiro"
("Brazilian National Anthem") 		1890
1922 (lyrics adopted) 		Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada Francisco Manuel da Silva Template:*sound 3m 21s [44]
File:Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei "Allah Peliharakan Sultan"
("God Bless the Sultan") 		1951 Pengiran Haji Mohamed Yusuf bin Abdul Rahim Besar bin Sagap Template:*sound 1m 5s [45]
Error creating thumbnail:  Bulgaria "Mila Rodino"
("Dear Motherland") 		1964 Tsvetan Radoslavov Template:*sound 2m 1s [46]
File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso "Une Seule Nuit"
("One Single Night") 		1984 Thomas Sankara Template:*sound 1m 47s [47]
File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi "Burundi Bwacu"
("Our Burundi") 		1962 Jean-Baptiste Ntahokaja and others Marc Barengayabo Template:*sound 1m 50s [48]
File:Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia "Nokor Reach"
("Royal Kingdom") 		1941, 1975, 1993 Samdach Chuon Nat F. Perruchot and J. Jekyll Template:*sound 1m 30s [49]
File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon "O Cameroun, Berceau de nos Ancêtres"
("O Cameroon, Cradle of Our Forefathers") 		1957 (French version)
1978 (English version) 		René Djam Afame, Samuel Minkio Bamba, Moïse Nyatte Nko'o (French),
Dr Bernard Fonlon (English) 		René Djam Afame 0m 58s [50]
 Canada "O Canada"
("Ô Canada")[lower-alpha 2] 		1980 Adolphe-Basile Routhier (French);
Robert Stanley Weir (English) 		Calixa Lavallée Template:*sound 1m 23s [51][52][53]
File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde "Cântico da Liberdade"
("Song of Freedom") 		1996 Amílcar Spencer Lopes Adalberto Higino Tavares Silva Template:*sound 1m 11s [54]
File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic "La Renaissance"
("The Rebirth") 		1960 Barthélémy Boganda Herbert Pepper Template:*sound 1m 6s [55]
File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad "La Tchadienne"
("People of Chad") 		1960 Louis Gidrol and others Paul Villard Template:*sound 1m 1s [56]
 Chile "Himno Nacional de Chile"
("National Anthem of Chile") 		1828 Eusebio Lillo Ramón Carnicer Template:*sound 2m 2s [57]
 China "Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ"
("March of the Volunteers") 		1949 (provisional)
1982 (official)
2004 (constitutional) 		Tian Han Nie Er Template:*sound 0m 44s [58]
 Colombia "Himno Nacional de la República de Colombia"
("National Anthem of the Republic of Colombia") 		1920 Rafael Núñez Oreste Sindici Template:*sound 2m 41s [59]
File:Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros "Udzima wa ya Masiwa"
("The Union of the Great Islands") 		1978 Said Hachim Sidi Abderemane Said Hachim Sidi Abderemane and Kamildine Abdallah Template:*sound 1m 37s [60]
File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo "Debout Congolais"
("Arise Congolese") 		1960, 1997 Joseph Lutumba Simon-Pierre Boka di Mpasi Londi Template:*sound 1m 27s [61]
File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo "La Congolaise"
("The Congolese") 		1959, 1991 Jacques Tondra and Georges Kibanghi Jean Royer and Joseph Spadilière Template:*sound 1m 15s [62]
 Costa Rica "Himno Nacional de Costa Rica"
("National Anthem of Costa Rica") 		1852 José María Zeledón Brenes Manuel María Gutiérrez Template:*sound 1m 50s [63]
 Croatia "Lijepa naša domovino"
("Our Beautiful Homeland")[lower-alpha 4] 		1972 Antun Mihanović Josip Runjanin Template:*sound 0m 59s [64][65]
 Cuba "El Himno de Bayamo"
("The Anthem of Bayamo") 		1902, 1909 Perucho Figueredo Template:*sound 0m 53s [66]
 Cyprus "Ýmnos eis tīn Eleutherían"
("Hymn to Liberty")[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6] 		1966 Dionýsios Solomós Nikolaos Mantzaros Template:*sound 0m 45s [67]
 Czech Republic "Kde domov můj"
("Where My Home is")[lower-alpha 7] 		1918, 1990 Josef Kajetán Tyl František Škroup Template:*sound 1m 12s [68][69]
File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark "Kong Christian stod ved højen mast"[lower-alpha 8]
("King Christian stood by the lofty mast") 		1780 Johannes Ewald Unknown Template:*sound 1m 11s [71][70]
"Der er et yndigt land"[lower-alpha 9]
("There is a lovely land") 		1835 Adam Oehlenschläger Hans Ernst Krøyer Template:*sound 1m 20s [71][70]
Error creating thumbnail:  Djibouti "Djibouti" 1977 Aden Elmi Abdi Robleh Template:*sound 0m 48s [72]
File:Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica "Isle of Beauty, Isle of Splendour" 1978 Wilfred Oscar Morgan Pond Lemuel McPherson Christian Template:*sound 0m 49s [73]
 Dominican Republic "Himno Nacional"
("National Anthem") 		1934 Emilio Prud'Homme José Rufino Reyes y Siancas Template:*sound 1m 37s [74]
File:Flag of East Timor.svg East Timor "Pátria"
("Fatherland") 		1975, 2002 Francisco Borja da Costa Afonso de Araujo Template:*sound 2m 9s [75]
 Ecuador "Salve, Oh Patria"
("Hail, Oh Fatherland") 		1948 Juan León Mera Antonio Neumane Template:*sound 3m 19s [76]
 Egypt "Bilady, Bilady, Bilady"
("My Country, My Country, My Country") 		1923
1952 (unofficial)
1979 (official) 		Mohamed Younis Al-Qady
(adapted from a speech by
Mustafa Kamil) 		Sayed Darwish Template:*sound 1m 26s [77]
 El Salvador "Himno Nacional de El Salvador"
("National Anthem of El Salvador") 		1879 (de facto)
1953 (de jure) 		Juan José Cañas Juan Aberle Template:*sound 4m 14s [78]
Error creating thumbnail:  Equatorial Guinea "Caminemos pisando las sendas de nuestra inmensa felicidad"
("Let Us Tread the Path of our Immense Happiness") 		1968 Atanasio Ndongo Miyone Ramiro Sánchez Lopes Template:*sound 1m 54s [79]
File:Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea "Ertra, Ertra, Ertra"
("Eritrea, Eritrea, Eritrea") 		1993 Solomon Tsehaye Beraki Isaac Abraham Meharezghi and Aron Tekle Tesfatsion Template:*sound 1m 59s [80]
 Estonia "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm"
("My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy") 		1920, 1990 Johann Voldemar Jannsen Fredrik Pacius Template:*sound 0m 32s [81][82]
Error creating thumbnail:  Eswatini "Nkulunkulu Mnikati wetibusiso temaSwati"
("O Lord our God of the Swazi") 		1968 Andrease Enoke Fanyana Simelane David Kenneth Rycroft Template:*sound 1m 8s [83]
File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia "Wodefit Gesgeshi, Widd Innat Ityopp'ya"
("March Forward, Dear Mother Ethiopia") 		1992 Dereje Melaku Mengesha Solomon Lulu Mitiku Template:*sound 1m 24s [84][85]
File:Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji "Meda Dau Doka"
("God Bless Fiji") 		1970 Michael Francis Alexander Prescott Charles Austin Miles Template:*sound 1m 26s [86]
 Finland Finnish: "Maamme"
Swedish: "Vårt Land"
("Our Land") 		1917[lower-alpha 10] Johan Ludvig Runeberg (Swedish)
Paavo Cajander (Finnish) 		Fredrik Pacius Template:*sound 0m 46s [87]
 France "La Marseillaise"
("The Marseillaise") 		1795, 1870 Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle Template:*sound 1m 19s [88]
Error creating thumbnail:  Gabon "La Concorde"
("The Concorde") 		1960 Georges Aleka Damas Template:*sound 1m 45s [89]
File:Flag of The Gambia.svg The Gambia "For The Gambia Our Homeland" 1965 Virginia Julie Howe Jeremy Frederick Howe Template:*sound 1m 20s [90]
Error creating thumbnail:  Georgia "Tavisupleba"
("Freedom") 		2004 David Magradze Zakaria Paliashvili Template:*sound 1m 26s [91]
 Germany "Lied der Deutschen"
("Song of the Germans")[lower-alpha 11] 		1922, 1952 August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben Joseph Haydn Template:*sound 1m 20s [92]
Error creating thumbnail:  Ghana "God Bless Our Homeland Ghana" 1957 Government committee Philip Gbeho Template:*sound 0m 57s [93]
 Greece "Hýmnos is tin Eleftherían"
("Hymn to Liberty" or "Hymn to Freedom")[lower-alpha 5] 		1865 Dionýsios Solomós Nikolaos Mantzaros Template:*sound 0m 45s [94]
Error creating thumbnail:  Grenada "Hail Grenada" 1974 Irva Merle Baptiste Louis Arnold Masanto Template:*sound 1m 17s [95]
Error creating thumbnail:  Guatemala "Himno Nacional de Guatemala"
("National Anthem of Guatemala") 		1897 José Joaquín Palma Rafael Álvarez Ovalle Template:*sound 1m 38s [96]
File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea "Liberté"
("Freedom") 		1958 Unknown Kodofo Moussa Template:*sound 1m 12s [97]
Error creating thumbnail:  Guinea-Bissau "Esta É a Nossa Pátria Amada"
("This Is Our Beloved Country") 		1974 Amílcar Cabral Xiao He 1m 1s [98]
File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana "Dear Land of Guyana, of Rivers and Plains" 1966 Archibald Leonard Luker Robert Cyril Gladstone Potter Template:*sound 0m 53s [99]
Error creating thumbnail:  Haiti "La Dessalinienne"
("Song of Dessalines") 		1904 Justin Lhérisson Nicolas Geffrard Template:*sound 0m 37s [100]
File:Flag of Honduras (darker variant).svg Honduras "Himno Nacional de Honduras"
("National Anthem of Honduras") 		1915 Augusto Constancio Coello Carlos Hartling Template:*sound 2m 47s [101]
 Hungary "Himnusz"
("Hymn") 		1844 (de facto)
1989 (de jure) 		Ferenc Kölcsey Ferenc Erkel Template:*sound 1m 41s [102][103]
 Iceland "Lofsöngur"
("Hymn") 		1944 Matthías Jochumsson Sveinbjörn Sveinbjörnsson Template:*sound 1m 39s [104]
 India "Jana Gana Mana"
("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People") 		1950 Rabindranath Tagore Ram Singh Thakuri Template:*sound 0m 52s [105]
File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia "Indonesia Raya"
("Indonesia the Great") 		1945 (original)
1950 (official) 		Wage Rudolf Soepratman Template:*sound 1m 43s [106]
File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran "Soroud-e Melli-e Jomhouri-e Eslami-e Iran"
("National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran") 		1990 Sayed Bagheri Hassan Riyahi Template:*sound 0m 57s [107]
File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq "Mawtini" ("My Homeland") 2004 Ibrahim Touqan Mohammed Flayfel Template:*sound 1m 45s [108]
Error creating thumbnail:  Ireland "Amhrán na bhFiann"
("The Soldier's Song") 		1926 Peadar Kearney (English)
Liam Ó Rinn (Irish) 		Peadar Kearney and Patrick Heeney Template:*sound 0m 59s [109]
 Israel "Hatikvah"
("The Hope") 		1948 Naftali Herz Imber Samuel Cohen Template:*sound 1m 14s [110]
 Italy "Il Canto degli Italiani"
("The Song of the Italians") 		1946 (de facto)
2017 (de jure) 		Goffredo Mameli Michele Novaro Template:*sound 1m 39s [111][112]
File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast "L'Abidjanaise"
("Song of Abidjan") 		1960 Mathieu Vangah Ekra [fr], Joachim Bony [fr]
and Pierre Marie Coty [fr] 		Pierre-Michel Pango [fr] Template:*sound 1m 9s [113]
 Jamaica "Jamaica, Land We Love"[lower-alpha 2] 1962 Hugh Sherlock Robert Lightbourne Template:*sound 1m 21s [114]
 Japan "Kimigayo"
("His Majesty's Reign")[115] 		1869 (original music)
1870 (lyrics)
1880 (current music)
1999 (law) 		Traditional Waka poem from the Kokin Wakashū (first published in 905) Yoshiisa Oku and Akimori Hayashi; usually credited to Hiromori Hayashi Template:*sound 0m 59s [116]
 Jordan "Al-salam Al-malaki Al-urdoni"
("The Royal Anthem of Jordan") 		1946 Abdul Monem Al-Refai Abdul Qader al-Taneer Template:*sound 0m 36s [117]
Error creating thumbnail:  Kazakhstan "Meniñ Qazaqstanım"
("My Kazakhstan") 		2006 Zhumeken Nazhimedenov
(with modifications by
Nursultan Nazarbayev) 		Shamshi Kaldayakov Template:*sound 1m 50s [118]
File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"
("Oh God of All Creation") 		1963 Graham Hyslop, G. W. Senoga-Zake, Thomas Kalume, Peter Kibukosya, and Washington Omondi The Anthem Commission Template:*sound 1m 52s [119]
Error creating thumbnail:  Kiribati "Kunan Kiribati"
("Song of Kiribati") 		1979 Tamuera Ioteba Uriam Template:*sound 0m 45s [120]
File:Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea "Aegukka"
("The Patriotic Song") 		1947 Pak Seyŏng Kim Wŏn'gyun Template:*sound 1m 42s [121]
 South Korea "Aegukga"
("The Patriotic Song") 		1948 An Chang-ho Ahn Eak-tae Template:*sound 0m 57s [122]
File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait "Al-Nasheed Al-Watani"
("National Anthem") 		1978 Ahmad Meshari Al-Adwani Ibrahim Al-Soula Template:*sound 0m 35s [123]
File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan "Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni"
("National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic") 		1992 Djamil Sadykov and Eshmambet Kuluev Nasyr Davlesov and Kalyi Moldobasanov Template:*sound 2m 3s [124]
File:Flag of Laos.svg Laos "Pheng Xat Lao"
("Hymn of the Lao People") 		1945 Sisana Sisane Thongdy Sounthonevichit Template:*sound 0m 50s [125]
File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia "Dievs, svētī Latviju!"
("God Bless Latvia") 		1920, 1990 Kārlis Baumanis Template:*sound 1m 45s [126]
File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon "Lebanese National Anthem" 1927 Rashid Nakhle Wadia Sabra Template:*sound 0m 51s [127]
File:Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho "Lesotho Fatše La Bontata Rona"
("Lesotho, Land of Our Fathers") 		1967 François Coillard Ferdinand-Samuel Laur Template:*sound 0m 43s [128]
Error creating thumbnail:  Liberia "All Hail, Liberia, Hail!" 1847 Daniel Bashiel Warner Olmstead Luca Template:*sound 1m 28s [129]
File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya "Libya, Libya, Libya" 2011 Al Bashir Al Arebi Mohammed Abdel Wahab Template:*sound 1m 8s [130]
Error creating thumbnail:  Liechtenstein "Oben am jungen Rhein"
("High on the young Rhine") 		1963 Jakob Josef Jauch Unknown[lower-alpha 12] Template:*sound 1m 25s [131]
File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania "Tautiška giesmė"
("National Song") 		1919, 1988 Vincas Kudirka Template:*sound 1m 47s [132]
 Luxembourg "Ons Heemecht"
("Our Homeland") 		1895 (de facto)
1993 (de jure) 		Michel Lentz Jean Antoine Zinnen Template:*sound 1m 24s [133]
File:Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar "Ry Tanindrazanay malala ô!"
("Oh, Beloved Land of our Ancestors") 		1959 Pastor Rahajason Norbert Raharisoa Template:*sound 1m 2s [134]
Error creating thumbnail:  Malawi "Mulungu dalitsa Malaŵi"
("God Bless Malawi") 		1964 Michael-Fredrick Paul Sauka Template:*sound 0m 52s [135]
File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia "Negaraku"
("My Country") 		1957 multiple Pierre-Jean de Béranger Template:*sound 1m 24s [136]
File:Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives "Gaumii salaam"
("National Salute") 		1972 Mohamed Jameel Didi Pandit Wannakuwattawaduge Don Amaradeva Template:*sound 1m 8s [137]
File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali "Le Mali"
("Mali") 		1962 Seydou Badian Kouyate Banzumana Sissoko Template:*sound 1m 19s [138]
 Malta "L-Innu Malti"
("The Maltese Hymn") 		1964 Dun Karm Psaila Robert Samut Template:*sound 0m 49s [139]
File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands "Forever Marshall Islands" 1991 Amata Kabua Template:*sound 2m 18s [140]
File:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania "Bilada-l ubati-l hudati-l kiram"
("Country of the Proud, Guiding Noblemen") 		2017 Unknown Rageh Daoud Template:*sound 1m 27s [141]
File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius "Motherland" 1968 Jean Georges Prosper Philippe Gentil (M.B.E. Esq.) Template:*sound 0m 59s [142]
 Mexico "Himno Nacional Mexicano"
("Mexican National Anthem") 		1943 Francisco González Bocanegra Jaime Nunó Template:*sound 1m 42s [143]
File:Flag of Federated States of Micronesia.svg Micronesia "Patriots of Micronesia" 1991 Unknown Traditional German song (Ich hab' mich ergeben) Template:*sound 0m 36s [144]
File:Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova "Limba noastră"
("Our Language") 		1994 (unofficial)
1995 		Alexei Mateevici Alexandru Cristea Template:*sound 1m 11s [145]
File:Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco "Hymne Monégasque"
("Monégasque Anthem") 		1848 Louis Notari Charles Albrecht Template:*sound 1m 18s [146]
File:Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia "Mongol ulsiin töriin duulal"
("National Anthem of Mongolia") 		1950 Tsendiin Damdinsüren Bilegiin Damdinsüren and Luvsanjambyn Mördorj 2m 6s [147]
Error creating thumbnail:  Montenegro "Oj, svijetla majska zoro"
("O, Bright Dawn of May") 		2004 folk song Žarko Mirković Template:*sound 2m 5s [148][149]
File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco "An-Nashid As-Sharif"
("Cherifian Anthem") 		1956 Ali Squalli Houssaini Léo Morgan Template:*sound 1m 8s [150]
File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique "Pátria Amada"
("Beloved Homeland") 		2002 Salomão J. Manhiça and Mia Couto Justino Sigaulane Chemane Template:*sound 1m 1s [151]
File:Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar "Kaba Ma Kyei"
("Until the End of the World") 		1947 U Sein Mya Maung[152][153] YMB Saya Tin Template:*sound 0m 40s [154]
File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia "Namibia, Land of the Brave" 1991 Axali Doëseb 1m 29s [155]
File:Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru "Nauru Bwiema"
("Song of Nauru") 		1968 Margaret Hendrie Laurence Henry Hicks Template:*sound 1m 18s [156]
Error creating thumbnail:    Nepal "Sayaun Thunga Phulka"
("Made of Hundreds of Flowers") 		2007 Byakul Maila Amber Gurung Template:*sound 1m 10s [157]
 Netherlands "Wilhelmus"
("William") 		1932 Philips of Marnix, or Dirck Coornhert or Petrus Dathenus Adrianus Valerius Template:*sound 1m 5s [158]
 New Zealand "God Defend New Zealand"[lower-alpha 2] 1940 (national hymn)
1977 (national anthem)
 Thomas Bracken (English version)

Thomas H. Smith (Māori version) 		John Joseph Woods Template:*sound 1m 3s [159]
"God Save the King" 1977 Unknown Template:*sound 1m 3s
 Nicaragua "Salve a ti, Nicaragua"
("Hail to Thee, Nicaragua") 		1939, 1971 Salomón Ibarra Mayorga Luis A. Delgadillo Template:*sound 0m 56s [160]
File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger "L'Honneur de la Patrie"
("The Honour of the Fatherland") 		2023 Unknown Template:*sound 1m 24s [161]
File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria "Nigeria, We Hail Thee" 1960, 2024 Lillian Jean Williams Frances Berda Template:*sound 1m 28s [162]
File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia "Denes nad Makedonija"
("Today over Macedonia") 		1992 Vlado Maleski Todor Skalovski Template:*sound 0m 50s [163]
 Norway "Ja, vi elsker dette landet"
("Yes, We Love This Country")[lower-alpha 13] 		1864 (de facto)
2019 (de jure)[lower-alpha 14] 		Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson Rikard Nordraak Template:*sound 1m 2s [164][165]
File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman "Nashid as-Salaam as-Sultani"
("Sultanic Salute")
 1970 Rashid bin Uzayyiz Al Khusaidi James Frederick Mills, arranged by Bernard Ebbinghaus Template:*sound 1m 54s [166]
File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan "Qaumī Tarāna"
("National Anthem") 		1954 Hafeez Jullundhri Ahmed Ghulamali Chagla Template:*sound 1m 22s [167]
File:Flag of Palau.svg Palau "Belau rekid"
("Our Palau") 		1981 multiple Ymesei O. Ezekiel Template:*sound 0m 52s [168][169]
File:Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine "Fida'i"
("Fida'i") 		1996 Said Al Muzayin Ali Ismael Template:*sound 0m 58s [170]
Error creating thumbnail:  Panama "Himno Istmeño"
("Hymn of the Isthmus") 		1906 Jeronimo de la Ossa Santos Jorge Template:*sound 1m 50s [171]
File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea "O Arise, All You Sons"[lower-alpha 2] 1975 Tom Shacklady Template:*sound 0m 58s [172]
File:Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay "Himno Nacional Paraguayo"
("Paraguayan National Anthem") 		1846 Francisco Acuña de Figueroa Francisco José Debali Template:*sound 3m 11s [173]
File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru "Himno Nacional del Perú"
("National Anthem of Peru") 		1821 José de la Torre Ugarte y Alarcón Jose Bernardo Alcedo Template:*sound 3m 9s [174]
 Philippines "Lupang Hinirang"
("Chosen Land") 		1898 José Palma Julián Felipe Template:*sound 1m 2s [175]
File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego"
("Poland Is Not Yet Lost")[lower-alpha 15] 		1927 Józef Wybicki Template:*sound 0m 43s [176]
File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal "A Portuguesa"
("The Portuguese") 		1910 Henrique Lopes de Mendonça Alfredo Keil Template:*sound 1m 18s [177]
 Qatar "As Salam al Amiri"
("Peace to the Amir") 		1996 Sheikh Mubarak bin Saïf al-Thani Abdul Aziz Nasser Obaidan Template:*sound 1m 27s [178]
 Romania "Deșteaptă-te, române!"
("Awaken Thee, Romanian!") 		1990 Andrei Mureșanu Anton Pann and Gheorghe Ucenescu Template:*sound 2m 19s [179]
 Russia "Gosudarstvenny Gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii"
("State Hymn of the Russian Federation") 		2000 Sergey Mikhalkov Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov Template:*sound 1m 22s [180]
File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda "Rwanda Nziza"
("Beautiful Rwanda") 		2002 Faustin Murigo Jean-Bosco Hashakimana Template:*sound 2m 19s [181]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis "O Land of Beauty!"[lower-alpha 2] 1983 Kenrick Georges Template:*sound 1m 3s [182]
 Saint Lucia "Sons and Daughters of Saint Lucia" 1979 Charles Jesse Leton Felix Thomas Template:*sound 0m 43s [183]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines "Saint Vincent, Land so beautiful" 1979 Phyllis Punnett Joel Bertram Miguel Template:*sound 0m 51s [184][185]
File:Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa "The Banner of Freedom" 1962 Sauni Iiga Kuresa Template:*sound 1m 13s [186]
File:Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica"
("The National Anthem of the Republic") 		1894 No official lyrics Federico Consolo Template:*sound 0m 54s [187]
File:Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe "Independência total"
("Total Independence") 		1975 Alda Neves da Graça do Espírito Santo Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e Almeida Template:*sound 2m 5s [188]
 Saudi Arabia "As-Salam Al Malaki"
("The Royal Salute") 		1950 Ibrahim Khafaji Abdul Rahman Al-Khateeb Template:*sound 0m 38s [189]
File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal "Le Lion rouge"
("The Red Lion") 		1960 Léopold Sédar Senghor Herbert Pepper Template:*sound 0m 56s [190]
Error creating thumbnail:  Serbia "Bože pravde"
("God of Justice") 		1882, 2004 Jovan Đorđević Davorin Jenko Template:*sound 1m 43s [191]
File:Flag of the Seychelles.svg Seychelles "Koste Seselwa"
("Join together all Seychellois") 		1996 David François Marc André and George Charles Robert Payet Template:*sound 1m 7s [192]
File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone "High We Exalt Thee, Realm of the Free" 1961 Clifford Nelson Fyle John Akar Template:*sound 0m 46s [193]
File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore "Majulah Singapura"
("Onward Singapore") 		1959 Zubir Said Template:*sound 1m 19s [194]
 Slovakia "Nad Tatrou sa blýska"
("Lightning Over the Tatras")[lower-alpha 7] 		1993 Janko Matúška Unknown; folk tune Template:*sound 1m 18s [195][196]
File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia "Zdravljica"
("A Toast")[lower-alpha 16] 		1989 (as regional anthem)
1994 (as national anthem) 		France Prešeren Stanko Premrl Template:*sound 0m 56s [197]
File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands "God Save Our Solomon Islands"[lower-alpha 2] 1978 Panapasa Balekana and Matila Balekana Panapasa Balekana Template:*sound 1m 22s [198]
File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia "Qolobaa Calankeed"
("Praise to the Flag") 		2012 Abdullahi Qarshe Template:*sound 1m 6s [199]
File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa "National anthem of South Africa"[lower-alpha 17] 1997 Enoch Sontonga and C. J. Langenhoven Enoch Sontonga and Marthinus Lourens de Villiers Template:*sound 2m 3s [200]
File:Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan "South Sudan Oyee!" 2011 Students and teachers of Juba University, 2011[201] Template:*sound 1m 17s [202]
 Spain "Marcha Real"
("Royal March") 		1770, 1942[lower-alpha 18] Alfonso XIII Manuel de Espinosa de los Monteros Template:*sound 0m 54s [203]
 Sri Lanka "Sri Lanka Matha"
("Mother Sri Lanka") 		1951 Ananda Samarakoon (Sinhala)

M. Nallathambi (Tamil)[204]

Ananda Samarakoon Template:*sound 2m 53s [205]
File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan "Nahnu Jund Allah Jund Al-watan"
("We Are the Army of God and of Our Land") 		1956 Sayyed Ahmed Mohammed Salih Ahmad Murjan Template:*sound 0m 46s [206]
File:Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname "God zij met ons Suriname"
("God Be With Our Suriname") 		1959 Cornelis Atses Hoekstra and Henry de Ziel Johannes Corstianus de Puy Template:*sound 0m 54s [207]
Error creating thumbnail:  Sweden "Du gamla, du fria"
("Thou Ancient, Thou Free")[lower-alpha 19] 		1866 de facto (never adopted de jure) Richard Dybeck folk tune Template:*sound 1m 28s [208]
  Switzerland "Schweizerpsalm"
("Swiss Psalm") 		1961 (de facto)
1981 (de jure) 		Leonhard Widmer (German),
Charles Chatelanat (French),
Camillo Valsangiacomo (Italian),
and Flurin Camathias (Romansch) 		Alberich Zwyssig Template:*sound 1m 24s [209]
File:Flag of Syria.svg Syria "Humāt ad-Diyār"
("Guardians of the Homeland") 		1938, 1961 Khalil Mardam Bey Mohammed Flayfel and Ahmad Salim Flayfel Template:*sound 1m 6s [210]
File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan "Surudi Milli"
("National Anthem") 		1994 Gulnazar Keldi Suleiman Yudakov Template:*sound 1m 55s [211]
File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania "Mungu ibariki Afrika"
("God Bless Africa") 		1961 collectively Enoch Sontonga Template:*sound 0m 52s [212]
Error creating thumbnail:  Thailand "Phleng Chat"
("National Song")[lower-alpha 20] 		1932, 1939 (with current name and lyrics), 1949 Luang Saranupraphan Peter Feit Template:*sound 0m 44s [213]
File:Flag of Togo.svg Togo "Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux"
("Hail to Thee, Land of our Forefathers") 		1960, 1992 Alex Casimir-Dosseh Template:*sound 0m 52s [214]
File:Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga "Ko e fasi ʻo e tuʻi ʻo e ʻOtu Tonga"
("Song of the King of the Tonga Islands") 		1874 Uelingatoni Ngū Tupoumalohi Carl Gustav Schmitt Template:*sound 0m 49s [215][216]
 Trinidad and Tobago "Forged from the Love of Liberty" 1962 Patrick Castagne Template:*sound 1m 15s [217]
File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia "Humat al-Hima"
("Defenders of the Homeland") 		1957, 1987 Mustafa Sadiq Al-Rafi'i and Aboul-Qacem Echebbi Mohammed Abdel Wahab Template:*sound 0m 52s [218]
 Turkey "İstiklâl Marşı"
("The March of Independence") 		1921 Mehmet Akif Ersoy Osman Zeki Üngör Template:*sound 1m 5s [219]
File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan "Garaşsyz, Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni"
("The State Anthem of Independent and Neutral Turkmenistan") 		1996 (original version)
2008 (current version) 		collectively Veli Mukhatov Template:*sound 2m 0s [220]
File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu "Tuvalu mo te Atua"
("Tuvalu for the Almighty")[lower-alpha 2] 		1978 Afaese Manoa Template:*sound 1m 4s [221]
File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda "Oh Uganda, Land of Beauty" 1962 George Wilberforce Kakoma Template:*sound 0m 44s [222]
File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine "Shche ne vmerla Ukraina"
("Ukraine's Glory Has Not Perished") 		1992 (music), 2003 (lyrics) Pavlo Chubynsky Mykhaylo Verbytsky Template:*sound 1m 20s [223]
File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates "Ishy Biladi"
("Long Live my Homeland") 		1971, 1986 (with lyrics) Arif Al Sheikh Abdullah Al Hassan Saad Abdel Wahab Template:*sound 0m 48s [224][225]
Error creating thumbnail:  United Kingdom "God Save the King"[lower-alpha 21][lower-alpha 22] 1745 de facto (never adopted de jure) Unknown Unknown Template:*sound 1m 3s [226][227][228]
 United States "The Star-Spangled Banner" 1931 Francis Scott Key John Stafford Smith Template:*sound 1m 18s [229]
File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay "Himno Nacional"
("National Anthem") 		1833 Francisco Acuña de Figueroa Francisco José Debali Template:*sound 4m 30s [230]
File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan "Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining Davlat Madhiyasi"
("National Anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan") 		1991 Abdulla Aripov Mutal Burhanov Template:*sound 2m 29s [231]
File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu "Yumi, Yumi, Yumi"
("We, We, We") 		1980 François Vincent Ayssav Template:*sound 0m 59s [232]
File:Flag of the Vatican City.svg  Vatican City "Marche Pontificale"
("Pontifical Anthem and March") 		1949 Antonio Allegra Charles Gounod Template:*sound 3m 13s [233]
 Venezuela "Gloria al Bravo Pueblo"
("Glory to the Brave People") 		1881 Vicente Salias Juan José Landaeta Template:*sound 1m 31s [234]
File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam "Tiến Quân Ca"
("Marching Song") 		1976 Văn Cao Template:*sound 1m 12s [235]
File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen "National anthem of Yemen" 1990 Abdallah Abdulwahab Noman Ayoob Tarish Template:*sound 0m 49s [236][237]
File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia "Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free" 1973 collectively Enoch Sontonga Template:*sound 1m 57s [238][239]
File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe "Simudzai Mureza WeZimbabwe"
("O Lift High the Banner of Zimbabwe") 		1994 Solomon Mutswairo Fred Changundega Template:*sound 0m 46s [240]

Partially recognized states

State[lower-alpha 23] National anthem Date adopted Lyricist Officially known as Composer Audio Ref.
Template:Country data Abkhazia "Aiaaira"
("Victory") 		2007 Genady Alamiya "State Anthem of the Republic of Abkhazia" Valera Çkaduwa Template:*sound [241]
File:Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo "Europe" 2008 Mendi Mengjiqi "Anthem of the Republic of Kosovo" Mendi Mengjiqi Template:*sound [242]
File:Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg Northern Cyprus "İstiklâl Marşı"
("Independence March") 		1983 Mehmet Akif Ersoy "The Turkish Cypriot State Anthem" Zeki Üngör Template:*sound [243][244]
File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic "Yā Banī al-Ṣaḥrāʼ"
("O Sons of the Sahara") 		1976 unknown "National Anthem of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" unknown Template:*sound [245]
File:Flag of Somaliland.svg Somaliland "Samo ku waar"
("Live in Eternal Peace") 		1997 Hassan Sheikh Mumin "Samo Ku Waar, Somaliland" Hassan Sheikh Mumin Template:*sound [246]
Template:Country data South Ossetia "Warzon Iryston!"
("Beloved Ossetia!") 		1995 Totradz Kokayev "State Anthem of the Republic of South Ossetia" Feliks Alborov Template:*sound [247]
File:Flag of the Order of St. John (various).svg Sovereign Military Order of Malta[lower-alpha 24] "Ave Crux Alba"
("Hail Thou White Cross") 		1930 Alfredo Consorti "Anthem of the Sovereign Order of Malta" Alfredo Consorti [248]
Error creating thumbnail:  Taiwan "San Min Chu-i"
("Song of the Three Principles of the People")[lower-alpha 25] 		1937 (de facto)
1943 (de jure) 		Sun Yat-sen "National Anthem of the Republic of China"[lower-alpha 26] Cheng Maoyun Template:*sound [249]
Template:Country data Transnistria "My slavim tebia, Pridnestrovie"
("We glorify you, Pridnestrovie") 		2000 Boris Parmenov, Vitaly Pishenko, Nikolay Bozhko "We chant thy praises of Pridnestrovia" Boris Alexandrov Template:*sound [250][251]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Only United Nations member states and observer states are included in this table.[10][11]
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 "God Save the King" is the royal anthem of Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Canada, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, the Solomon Islands, and Tuvalu, and one of New Zealand's two national anthems.
  3. ↑ "My Belarusy" was originally adopted by the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
  4. ↑ "Lijepa naša domovino" was originally adopted by the Socialist Republic of Croatia.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Hymn to Liberty" or "Hymn to Freedom" is the national anthem of both Cyprus and Greece.
  6. ↑ By the power of the Constitution of Cyprus, the Turkish national anthem "İstiklâl Marşı" was used when a Turkish Cypriot representative was present. The practice lasted up to 1963.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Originally adopted by Czechoslovakia as a part of its hymn in 1918 (together with Slovak "Nad Tatrou sa blýska"), and later in 1993 by the Czech Republic (already without the Slovak part).
  8. ↑ One of two Danish national anthems, but this one is mainly used for royal and military occasions[70]
  9. ↑ Although both Danish anthems have equal status, this one is regarded as the civil national anthem of Denmark.[70]
  10. ↑ First performed in 1848. National anthem status gained through convention after independence in 1917.
  11. ↑ Only the third stanza is the official national anthem.
  12. ↑ Uses the same melody as "God Save the King"
  13. ↑ Until the early 20th century, "Sønner av Norge" was the most recognised national anthem of Norway. Also "Norges Skaal" and "Mitt lille land" have at times been described as national anthems. Norway's unofficial royal anthem is "Kongesangen".
  14. ↑ "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" was first performed in 1864, but only gradually came to replace the older national anthem "Sønner av Norge" as de facto national anthem. It was adopted as the official national anthem 11 December 2019.
  15. ↑ Also known by its incipit: "Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła, kiedy my żyjemy" ("Poland Is Not Yet Lost, So long as we still live").
  16. ↑ "Zdravljica" was originally adopted by the Socialist Republic of Slovenia. Only the seventh stanza of the song is the national anthem.
  17. ↑ The "National Anthem of South Africa" is a hybrid of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" ("God Bless Africa") and "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika"
    ("The Call of South Africa").
  18. ↑ Declared official "Honor March" by Charles III in 1770, abolished 1820-1823, adopted as the official Spanish anthem under Isabel II (r. 1833–1868), co-official during 1873-1874 and again abolished 1931-1939. Re-introduced in 1942.
  19. ↑ Sweden's royal anthem is "Kungssången".
  20. ↑ Thailand's royal anthem is "Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami".
  21. ↑ Royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, including the United Kingdom, but no official status as national anthem, except in New Zealand.
  22. ↑ Anthems of the Countries of the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland), sometimes described as "national anthems", are not listed here. As non-sovereign states, they are listed at List of regional anthems.
  23. ↑ This list is for those who have declared independence and are partially recognized.
  24. ↑ The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a sovereign entity under international law with partial recognition.
  25. ↑ "National Banner Song" is used as the alternate state anthem for Taiwan at international sporting events such as the Olympic Games and World Baseball Classic.
  26. ↑ The official state name of Taiwan is the "Republic of China".

References

General
  • Hang, Xing (2003). Encyclopedia of National Anthems. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4847-4.
  • Minahan, James B. (2009). [[[:Template:Google books]] The Complete Guide to National Symbols and Emblems [2 volumes]] Check |url= value (help). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-34497-8.
Specific
  1. ↑ "Anthem". Reference.com. Lexico Publishing Group. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  2. ↑ "National anthem". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008.
  3. ↑ "Royal anthem "God Save The Queen"". Department of Canadian Heritage. Archived from the original on 8 August 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  4. ↑ "'Bird's Nest' Ballads: Olympic National Anthems". NPR. 7 August 2008. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  5. ↑ Elgenius, Gabriella (2018). Symbols of Nations and Nationalism. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 141–144. ISBN 9780230317048.
  6. ↑ Japan Policy Research Institute JPRI Working Paper No. 79 Archived 2 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Published July 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2007
  7. ↑ Leerssen, Joep (2020). National thought in Europe: A cultural history. Amsterdam University Press. p. 103.
  8. ↑ "Facts and figures". Government of Switzerland. Archived from the original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  9. ↑ Ash, Timothy Garton (17 January 2008). "There are great national anthems – now we need an international one". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
  10. ↑ "List of Member States". United Nations. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  11. ↑ "List of Observer States". United Nations. Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  12. ↑ Kłagisz, Mateusz M. P.; Drozdowska, Marta (13 April 2023). "Concepts of hewād 'Homeland' and millat 'Nation' in Modern Pashto-Language Schoolbooks". Iran and the Caucasus. 27 (1): 39–53. doi:10.1163/1573384X-02701003. ISSN 1573-384X.
  13. ↑ Malik, Tasleem; Jan, Faizullah; Ullah, Zia (31 December 2023). "The epistemicide in Afghanistan: an analysis of Taliban's policies towards national and cultural symbols". Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal. 7 (2): 61–80. doi:10.47264/idea.lassij/7.2.4. ISSN 2664-8148.
  14. ↑ Hang 2003, p. 2.
  15. ↑ "National Anthem". Embassy of Algeria. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  16. ↑ Hang 2003, p. 10.
  17. ↑ "Angola". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
  18. ↑ "Antigua and Barbuda". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  19. ↑ Minahan 2009, p. 658.
  20. ↑ "Símbolos Nacionales" [National Symbols] (in Spanish). Presidency of the Argentine Nation. Retrieved 21 November 2011. La necesidad de tener una canción patriótica, que surgió con la Revolución de Mayo y que el Triunvirato supo comprender, se ve plasmada hoy en el Himno Nacional Argentino, con música de Blas Parera, letra de Vicente López y Planes, y arreglo de Juan P. Esnaola.
  21. ↑ Vega, Carlos (1962). El Himno Nacional Argentino [The Argentine National Anthem] (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Eudeba.
  22. ↑ Hang 2003, p. 24.
  23. ↑ "The Australian National Anthem". Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Archived from the original on 23 October 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007.
  24. ↑ "Parliamentary Handbook of the Commonwealth of Australia – National Symbols". Parliament of Australia. 21 September 2005. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2007. (proclamation by Governor-General dated 19 April 1984)
  25. ↑ Hang 2003, p. 31.
  26. ↑ "The National Symbols of the Republic of Azerbaijan". Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  27. ↑ "Azərbaycan Respublikasının Dövlət himni haqqında" (PDF). mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 3 December 2018.
  28. ↑ "National Symbols". Embassy of the Bahamas to the United States of America. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The Bahamas. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  29. ↑ Minahan 2009, p. 664.
  30. ↑ "Bahrain". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  31. ↑ Komol, Khalid Hasan (2012). "Das, Samar". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  32. ↑ "Barbados". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  33. ↑ "The National Anthem of Belarus". A Belarus Miscellany. 2005. Archived from the original on 12 October 2008.
  34. ↑ "Указ № 350 ад 2 лiпеня 2002 г." (in Belarusian). 2 July 2002. Archived from the original on 4 March 2008.
  35. ↑ "Courrier des Pays-Bas: La Brabançonne". Retrieved 3 April 2013.
  36. ↑ Francis Martens, La Belgique en chantant, pp. 19–40, in Antoine Pickels and Jacques Sojcher (eds.), Belgique: toujours grande et belle, issues 1–2, Éditions Complexe, Brussels, 1998
  37. ↑ "Belize". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  38. ↑ "Benin". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  39. ↑ Penjore, Dorji; Kinga, Sonam (2002). The Origin and Description of The National Flag and National Anthem of The Kingdom of Bhutan (PDF). Thimphu: The Centre for Bhutan Studies. p. 14. ISBN 99936-14-01-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
  40. ↑ Blackwell, Amy Hackney (2009). Independence Days: Holidays and Celebrations. Infobase Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-60413-101-7. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  41. ↑ "Bolivia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  42. ↑ "Bosnia Anthem Gets Lyrics After 10 Years", Bosnia Insight, 23 February 2009.
  43. ↑ "Botswana". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  44. ↑ Antunes, Anderson. "A Brief History Of The Brazilian National Anthem, And Why It Is The Tune Of The World Cup". Forbes.
  45. ↑ "Brunei". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  46. ↑ "Химнът на България през превратностите на времето". socbg.com. Retrieved 17 July 2018.
  47. ↑ "Burkina Faso". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  48. ↑ "Burundi". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  49. ↑ "Cambodia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  50. ↑ "Cameroon". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  51. ↑ Department of Canadian Heritage. "Patrimoine canadien – Hymne national du Canada". Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original on 26 February 2016. Retrieved 26 June 2008.
  52. ↑ Canada. Parliament, House of Commons. (1964). House of Commons debates, official report. 11. Queen's Printer. p. 11806.
  53. ↑ DeRocco, David (2008). From sea to sea to sea: a newcomer's guide to Canada. Full Blast Productions. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-0-9784738-4-6.
  54. ↑ Berg, Tiago José (26 November 2012). Hinos de todos os países do mundo. Panda Books. p. 75. ISBN 9788578881917.
  55. ↑ "Central African Republic". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 10 January 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
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  57. ↑ Revista Chilena. "Himno Nacional de Chile". Retrieved 22 June 2020.
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Further reading

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